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2018

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Articles 3301 - 3330 of 3772

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Mental Health In U.S. Prisons: How Our System Is Set Up For Failure, Katherine Daifotis Jan 2018

Mental Health In U.S. Prisons: How Our System Is Set Up For Failure, Katherine Daifotis

CMC Senior Theses

During the past 60 years, United States prisons have become one of the primary institutions caring for mentally ill individuals. Factors such as privatization of mental health care with a focus on profit-maximization, ineffective jail diversion programs, and unsuccessful mental health courts have contributed to prisons having an increased population of mentally ill inmates. In fact, about 20% of people who are currently incarcerated suffer from a major mental illness (Mason, 2007). Other elements outside of the justice system such as a lack of mental health awareness and a lack of resources have led to damaging interactions between the mentally …

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Do The Lifetime Prevalence And Prognosis Of Schizophrenia Differ Among World Regions?, Cheryl Lynn Smith Jan 2018

Do The Lifetime Prevalence And Prognosis Of Schizophrenia Differ Among World Regions?, Cheryl Lynn Smith

CMC Senior Theses

Much cross-cultural research has been done on the topic of schizophrenia, but few studies thus far have focused on lifetime prevalence and prognosis together, grouped by world region. Additionally, there has been severe bias in which countries and regions have been studied both historically and currently. Any study that had statistics on lifetime prevalence per 1000 people and/or DALYs, from a specified country or region, was included in this thesis. Results showed that lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia does not differ among WHO regions, but DALYs and thus prognosis do differ. Several major conclusions can be drawn from these results. One …

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Mindfulness Matters: The Effects Of Mindfulness On Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Rowan Mulligan Jan 2018

Mindfulness Matters: The Effects Of Mindfulness On Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Rowan Mulligan

CMC Senior Theses

Both mindfulness and authentic leadership base themselves on self-awareness. Authentic leadership has positively predicted organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), and mindfulness has been positively correlated to work engagement, which has shared positive relationships with OCB. Job demands (JD) have been shown to compromise work engagement. Using a sample of 134 MBA and undergraduate students, a longitudinal design evaluated the meditational role of authentic functioning (AF) between mindfulness and OCB and the moderating role of JD. Over the course of three months, three questionnaires were administered to measure mindfulness, AF, OCB, and JD. Despite the positive predictive relationship between mindfulness and AF, …

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Social Anxiety And Interpersonal Interactions: Investigating The Impact Of Anxiety On Interpersonal Behaviours, Perceptions, And Processes, Kelly Mcdonald Jan 2018

Social Anxiety And Interpersonal Interactions: Investigating The Impact Of Anxiety On Interpersonal Behaviours, Perceptions, And Processes, Kelly Mcdonald

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Interpersonal theory suggests that the most important variations in people’s interpersonal behaviours can be captured by just two major constructs, dominance and affiliation. Despite the admirable parsimony of interpersonal theory, in the current thesis, we argue that a key influencing variable has been absent from discussions of interpersonal behaviour and dynamics. People’s levels of social anxiety during interactions has been acknowledged as an influencing factor within the interpersonal space, yet a systematic investigation of its impact on behaviours and interpersonal processes has been sparse. Thus, in the current work we consider the impact of people’s social anxiety levels during an …

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For Better Or For Worse? Investigating The Meaning Of Change, Jaslyn English, Anne Wilson Jan 2018

For Better Or For Worse? Investigating The Meaning Of Change, Jaslyn English, Anne Wilson

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

For most, change makes a regular appearance in everyday life and has the capacity to usher in excitement, growth, and chaos. Due to the variable nature of change, people may hold subjective definitions of what “change” typically means. Across four studies, we examine the possibility that there are meaningful individual differences in the dominant subjective definitions people hold about the nature of change. Study 1 and 2 investigated the spontaneous associations participants make when asked to think about change, and found that holding a positive or negative general view about change (as measured by the Nature of Change scale, developed …

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Exploring The Relationship Between Group Cohesion And Compassion In Varsity Athletes, Theo Chu Jan 2018

Exploring The Relationship Between Group Cohesion And Compassion In Varsity Athletes, Theo Chu

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Compassion is a prosocial behaviour characterized by kindness and a non-judgmental attitude to reduce one’s suffering. Typically, it is thought of as a behaviour we express outwardly to others, but compassion can also be directed internally toward ourselves. This is known as self-compassion. The benefits of having compassion for other people have been largely studied in employment settings and everyday life behaviours. Moreover, research has shown self-compassion is also related to many positive outcomes. Compared to compassion for others, self-compassion has been studied in sport, however it is still in its infancy. Although research has demonstrated the importance of both …

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Olfaction, Memory, And Presence In Warfighters: Do The Scents Of War Matter?, Benson Munyan Jan 2018

Olfaction, Memory, And Presence In Warfighters: Do The Scents Of War Matter?, Benson Munyan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Background: Exposure therapy (EXP) is a first-line intervention for combat-related PTSD. EXP works by repeatedly exposing the patient to the feared stimuli, situation, or physical sensations in the absence of actual danger until the stimuli no longer evoke maladaptive responses. Over the past decade, multiple technologies have been introduced to augment the EXP process by presenting multi-sensory cues (e.g., sights, smells, sounds) to increase patients' sense of presence. Exploratory research has only broadly examined the effect of odorants on the patient's sense of presence during simulated exposure tasks. This study hypothesized that those with autobiographical memories similar to the virtual …

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (Asd) And Equine Assisted Therapy: An Integrative Review Of The Literature, Brittany R. Selzer Jan 2018

Autism Spectrum Disorder (Asd) And Equine Assisted Therapy: An Integrative Review Of The Literature, Brittany R. Selzer

Honors Undergraduate Theses

The purpose of this integrative review of the literature is to examine the effectiveness of equine assisted therapy with individuals diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). An extensive review of the literature was conducted regarding children diagnosed with ASD who received equine therapy, equine psychotherapy, therapeutic horseback riding, or horse therapy. Inclusion criteria include articles written in the English language, articles that were peer-reviewed, and had a publication date from 2006 to present. Fourteen articles were analyzed regarding children with ASD who participated in different types of equine therapy. The majority of the studies found individuals with ASD who participated …

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Capitalizing On Positive Emotional Experiences: A Gratitude Intervention As An Emotional Uplift Strategy, Amanda L. Walker Jan 2018

Capitalizing On Positive Emotional Experiences: A Gratitude Intervention As An Emotional Uplift Strategy, Amanda L. Walker

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Positive psychological interventions are well suited to build upon positive experiences to enhance positive affect and coping resources; however, experimental research is limited, especially regarding if and how gratitude practices can bolster positive affect and coping resources. As a result, the purpose of the current research was to determine (a) if self-reports of gratitude traits vary by important demographic categories (i.e., gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, rural status), (b) if gratitude interventions elevate reports of positive affect after accounting for the effects of positive memory recall, and (c) if gratitude interventions contribute to greater elevations on coping resources (i.e., resilience, coping …

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The Effects Of Preceding Stimuli Formats On Proportional Reasoning Ability In Elementary School Students, Natalie D. Branch Jan 2018

The Effects Of Preceding Stimuli Formats On Proportional Reasoning Ability In Elementary School Students, Natalie D. Branch

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

The National Mathematics Advisory Panel (2008) described fraction knowledge as the most important, yet most underdeveloped foundational skill among students. Due to the complex nature of fraction education, this study sought to understand the underlying fraction problem-solving skill of proportional reasoning in the hopes of gaining insight into children’s problem-solving strategies in order to implement more focused educational designs. The current study examined the effects of stimuli formats on children’s proportional reasoning ability by presenting four conditions involving two formats (continuous and discrete). Previous research indicates that students perform better on continuous stimuli and the goal of this study was …

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Adolescence And Cardiac Channelopathies: Predicting Engagement In High-Risk Behavior, Lauren Lucente Jan 2018

Adolescence And Cardiac Channelopathies: Predicting Engagement In High-Risk Behavior, Lauren Lucente

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

The purpose of the current study was to explore the type and frequency of engagement in low to high-risk behaviors in adolescents with cardiac channelopathies. Additionally, predictive factors of engagement in developmentally typical behaviors were explored. Individuals ages 13-22 (female = 84.6%; average age = 19.53) with cardiac channelopathies (n = 10) and without any chronic health conditions (n = 4) completed a series of questionnaires examining self-reported quality of life, illness perceptions, problem solving, and risk-taking behaviors. Findings demonstrated that adolescents with cardiac conditions believe that their conditions are controllable, and they experience a moderate amount of medically-related symptoms. …

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Student And Teacher Perceptions Of The Relationship Between Self-Regulation Executive Functions And Playing Team Sports, Rebecca T. Edelsberg Jan 2018

Student And Teacher Perceptions Of The Relationship Between Self-Regulation Executive Functions And Playing Team Sports, Rebecca T. Edelsberg

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

Executive functions (EF) are the directive capacities of the human brain that are responsible for a person’s ability to engage in purposeful, organized, goal-directed behavior and to cue and direct perceptions, feelings, thoughts and actions in specific ways. There has been a growing body of research indicating that sports such as soccer, basketball, and baseball require the effective use of self-regulation executive functions that cue and direct attention, inhibition, shifting, flexibility and working memory. The objective of the study was to investigate student athletes’ perceptions of the relationship between playing sports and their effective use of executive functions and teacher …

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Executive Functions Profiles Of Individuals With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder And Autism Spectrum Disorder, Michael Ramsteck Jan 2018

Executive Functions Profiles Of Individuals With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder And Autism Spectrum Disorder, Michael Ramsteck

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

The current study examined teacher ratings of the executive capacities of groups of ADHD-diagnosed and ASD-diagnosed students; first by comparing teacher ratings of each clinical group to the teacher ratings of a group of matched nonclinical peers, then by comparing the teacher ratings of the two clinical groups. The data for both clinical groups and their respective matched control groups were part of the data collected during the standardization of the McCloskey Executive Function Scale – Teacher Report Form (MEFS-TR). It was hypothesized that when compared to their matched control groups, teacher ratings of the ADHD-diagnosed group would reflect a …

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An Analysis Of Youtube Content On African American Parenting In The Face Of Community Violence, La-Rhonda Harmon Jan 2018

An Analysis Of Youtube Content On African American Parenting In The Face Of Community Violence, La-Rhonda Harmon

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

This qualitative study analyzed YouTube video content on the discussion about African American parenting in the face of community violence. The study investigated if conversations about African American parenting changed after the killing of Trayvon Martin, which occurred on February 26, 2012. Ten videos recorded before Trayvon Martin’s death and 20 after were selected and analyzed. Transcripts were coded for emerging themes using grounded-theory research design. Several themes emerged in the videos recorded before and after Martin’s death. Themes related to African American beliefs about parenting and acculturation emerged from the videos recorded before Martin’s death. Themes related to African …

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A Comparison Of An Oral Reading Fluency Measure And A Reading Comprehension Measure To Identify Students At Risk For Failure On A State Assessment Of Reading, Brian Engler Jan 2018

A Comparison Of An Oral Reading Fluency Measure And A Reading Comprehension Measure To Identify Students At Risk For Failure On A State Assessment Of Reading, Brian Engler

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

Significant incentives exist for educators to efficiently identify, students at risk of failing statewide assessments. This study strives to add to the body of research on curriculum-based assessments (CBAs) used, in part, for this purpose. This study compares the ability of two commonly used CBAs to identify students at risk for failure on the Pennsylvania System of School Assessment (PSSA). To this end, results from the Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS) Oral Reading Fluency (DORF) were compared with the results from the Measures of Academic Progress Reading Comprehension Test (MAP-R). The study analyzed the scores of 93 …

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A Neglected Problem In Burnout Research, Renzo Bianchi, Irvin Sam Schonfeld, Eric Laurent Jan 2018

A Neglected Problem In Burnout Research, Renzo Bianchi, Irvin Sam Schonfeld, Eric Laurent

Publications and Research

Although we share with Eckleberry-Hunt et al. (2018) some of their criticisms regarding the problematic conceptualization of burnout, we are perplexed by the authors’ silence regarding burnout–depression overlap, which is arguably the most troubling problem attached to the burnout construct. The extensive research suggests that burnout reflects a combination of depressive responses. The emotional exhaustion component of burnout involves fatigue and depressed mood, two diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders. Maslach et al. (2001) wrote that there is “a predominance of dysphoric symptoms” in burnout. Depersonalization symptoms are commonly found in depressed individuals. Diminished personal accomplishment reflects well-known depressive manifestations of …

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Beliefs About Self-Control And Regulation: Do They Matter For College Performance?, Cara E. Worick Jan 2018

Beliefs About Self-Control And Regulation: Do They Matter For College Performance?, Cara E. Worick

Theses and Dissertations--Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology

Students who are good self-regulators have higher motivation and achievement than those who are not. The beliefs students hold influence the goals they set, how they regulate learning, their motivation, and their subsequent actions. Beliefs about one’s own willpower (the capacity to exert self-control in everyday life) have been shown to affect individuals’ self-regulation. Willpower has been conceptualized as a limited resource that is easily depleted in demanding situations. However, some researchers have shown that individuals’ beliefs about willpower capacity (i.e., as finite or abundant), and not their actual willful acts, are more predictive of self-regulated behavior. Researchers have similarly …

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Factors Impacting Parental Acceptance Of An Lgbt Child, Dani E. Rosenkrantz Jan 2018

Factors Impacting Parental Acceptance Of An Lgbt Child, Dani E. Rosenkrantz

Theses and Dissertations--Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology

Chrisler’s (2017) Theoretical Framework of Parental Reactions When a Child Comes Out as Lesbian, Gay, or Bisexual suggests that parental reactions to having a non-heteronormative child are impacted by a process of cognitively appraising information about their child’s identity and experiencing and coping with emotional responses, both of which are influenced by contextual factors such as a parent’s value system. However, some religious values can challenge parents in the process of accepting a lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT) child. The purpose of this study was to test a model that examines the influence of cognitive-affective factors (cognitive flexibility, emotional …

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Blessing Or Bs? Examining The Therapy Experiences Of Transgender And Gender Nonconforming Clients Obtaining Referral Letters For Gender Affirming Medical Treatment, Holly Brown Jan 2018

Blessing Or Bs? Examining The Therapy Experiences Of Transgender And Gender Nonconforming Clients Obtaining Referral Letters For Gender Affirming Medical Treatment, Holly Brown

Theses and Dissertations--Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology

Transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) people who pursue gender affirming medical interventions, such as hormone therapy and surgery, are required to supply their physicians with referral letters from mental health professionals (Coleman et al., 2012). The process by which TGNC people are required to obtain referral letters before accessing gender affirming care is often referred to as gatekeeping in the TGNC literature (Budge, 2015; Cavanaugh, Hopwood, & Lambert, 2016). Despite implications that the current gatekeeping system may have for the relationship between TGNC clients and their therapists, few studies have examined TGNC individuals’ experiences related to obtaining referral letters in …

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Examining An Asynchronous Group Discussion Board Adaptation Of A Parent-Mediated Behavior Intervention For Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders, Alexis D. Rodgers Jan 2018

Examining An Asynchronous Group Discussion Board Adaptation Of A Parent-Mediated Behavior Intervention For Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders, Alexis D. Rodgers

Theses and Dissertations--Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social and communication deficits, as well as restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped behaviors, interests, and activities (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Although important relationships have been shown and described among the issues of challenging behavior, parent stress, and parenting sense of competence for families of children with ASD, there is a shortage of intervention programs appropriately suited for families which target these issues. Some programs have been developed and tested, but none is directly applicable for the target population. This is notable because of the connections drawn in the literature between families …

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Exploring Critical Consciousness, Facilitating Black Liberation, Della V. Mosley Jan 2018

Exploring Critical Consciousness, Facilitating Black Liberation, Della V. Mosley

Theses and Dissertations--Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology

The current study aimed to uncover processes and experiences that led individuals to critically engage in racial justice activism, specifically the Black Lives Matter movement. A constructivist grounded theory approach was utilized under critical-ideological and Black feminist paradigms in order to build a practical theory related to developing critical consciousness about oppression facing the Black community. Black activists in the movement between the ages of 23 and 60 (N=12) participated in intensive individual interviews. The result of the study is a co-constructed theory of racial justice activism development (the Critical Consciousness of Anti-Black Racism [CCABR] model) that can be used …

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Age, Gender, Income, And Social Support As Predictors Of Single Parent Resiliency, Ebonnie Leavern Simmons-Hall Jan 2018

Age, Gender, Income, And Social Support As Predictors Of Single Parent Resiliency, Ebonnie Leavern Simmons-Hall

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Nearly 50% of children younger than 18 years will be raised by a single parent at some point prior to adulthood. Of developed countries, the United States currently has the highest percentage of single parents. Although much research has examined factors that contribute toward the negative outcomes of single parents, few studies have focused on factors that contribute toward positive outcomes for single parents. Using the strength-based construct of resiliency as a theoretical framework, this study examined whether gender, age, income, and perceived familial social support individually or in linear combination could predict resiliency in single parents. This study involved …

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Women's Perceptions Of Flourishing Through Quilting As A Leisure Activity, Cathy Lynn Ferrarese Jan 2018

Women's Perceptions Of Flourishing Through Quilting As A Leisure Activity, Cathy Lynn Ferrarese

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Quilting is a self-chosen leisure activity for millions of women in the United States. Previous research on quilting suggested that quilting is influenced by the emotional state of the quilter. However, the emotional experiences generated during quilting have not been fully explored. The purpose of this qualitative narrative study was to explore quilters' perceptions of what quilting as a leisure activity does to enhance their well-being and increase flourishing. Positive psychology well-being theory was the theoretical foundation for the study. Semistructured interviews with 12 adult women who quilt as a leisure activity were the basis of the narrative inquiry. Data …

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Impact Of Self-Efficacy And Time On Skin Cancer Protective Behaviors, Abbie Goldbas Jan 2018

Impact Of Self-Efficacy And Time On Skin Cancer Protective Behaviors, Abbie Goldbas

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Skin cancer incidence is increasing while the rates of other cancers is declining. The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine whether health self-efficacy predicted skin cancer protective behaviors. The theory of health self-efficacy provided the framework for the study. Secondary data were collected from the 2008 and 2014 Health Information National Trends Surveys. The study sample included women 18-34 years of age because this population is especially vulnerable to skin cancer. Results of logistic regression analyses indicated that higher levels of health self-efficacy predicted greater sunscreen use, but higher health self-efficacy levels did not predict avoidance of tanning …

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Moderating Effect Of Job Level On Work-To-Family Conflict And Job Attitudes, Shanu Loganathan Jan 2018

Moderating Effect Of Job Level On Work-To-Family Conflict And Job Attitudes, Shanu Loganathan

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Past research has shown the likelihood of work-to-family conflict in employees' struggle to manage work, family, and personal life, however, work-to-family conflict remained unexamined in employees' job attitudes at different job levels. Previous studies highlighted that employees at higher job level experience greater work-to-family conflict than employees at lower job level. The purpose of the study was to examine the moderating effects of job level (supervisory or managerial and nonsupervisory or nonmanagerial) on the relationships between work-to-family conflict and job attitudes (job satisfaction, work engagement, organizational commitment, and turnover intention). In this quantitative study, the theoretical framework included conflict theory …

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The Effect Of Peer Presence On Moderate-To-Vigorous Physical Activity, Nancy Thao Jan 2018

The Effect Of Peer Presence On Moderate-To-Vigorous Physical Activity, Nancy Thao

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The CDC estimated that rates of children’s physical activity are extremely low which could lead to various health problems (e.g., hypertension, lipid disorders). Fortunately, previous research has demonstrated that peers, specifically peers identified as preferred, might influence children’s levels of physical activity. However, this variable has not been experimentally manipulated. The purpose of the current study was to assess the effects of peer presence on the MVPA exhibited by kindergarten children, by exposing participants to peers identified as preferred. Results indicated that the presence of a peer identified as preferred increased the levels of MVPA for one participant but failed …

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Who's That Knocking At My Door? Neural Bases Of Sound Source Identification, Guillaume Lemaitre, John A. Pyles, Andrea R. Halpern, Nicole Navolio, Matthew Lehet, Laurie M. Heller Jan 2018

Who's That Knocking At My Door? Neural Bases Of Sound Source Identification, Guillaume Lemaitre, John A. Pyles, Andrea R. Halpern, Nicole Navolio, Matthew Lehet, Laurie M. Heller

Faculty Journal Articles

When hearing knocking on a door, a listener typically identifies both the action (forceful and repeated impacts) and the object (a thick wooden board) causing the sound. The current work studied the neural bases of sound source identification by switching listeners' attention toward these different aspects of a set of simple sounds during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning: participants either discriminated the action or the material that caused the sounds, or they simply discriminated meaningless scrambled versions of them. Overall, discriminating action and material elicited neural activity in a left-lateralized frontoparietal network found in other studies of sound identification, wherein …

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From Invisible To Visible: Exploring Invisibility Syndrome And Coping Among African American Men, Jesha Jones, Stacey Lawson Jan 2018

From Invisible To Visible: Exploring Invisibility Syndrome And Coping Among African American Men, Jesha Jones, Stacey Lawson

Graduate Research Posters

INTRODUCTION: African American men may experience feelings of invisibility when maneuvering throughout the public education system. Encounters with alienation, discrimination, and prejudice play a major role in influencing one’s decision to remain in school or dropout. Examining the extent to which the invisibility syndrome manifests in African American men during their K-12 experiences can expand knowledge in understanding their feelings of worthlessness and insignificance in the classroom. METHOD: This research investigated the degree to which invisibility syndrome manifested in retrospective accounts in the K-12 experiences of African American collegiate men. Analysis aim to identify how coping mechanisms can …

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Effects Of Delay And Signals On Choice Between Delayed Food Alone And Immediate Food With Delayed Shock, Forrest James Toegel Jan 2018

Effects Of Delay And Signals On Choice Between Delayed Food Alone And Immediate Food With Delayed Shock, Forrest James Toegel

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Much of the research in the area of self-control has examined choice between small immediate reinforcers and large delayed reinforcers, but many problems result from situations in which a single choice produces consequences of conflicting valence: Those in which the immediate outcome is reinforcing and the delayed outcome is aversive. Recent research has evaluated how preference for a large reinforcer which is followed by a delayed shock changes as a function of the delay to shock and how the intensity and duration of delayed shock affects the value of a large reinforcer. The present set of experiments investigated how the …

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Subliminal Messaging: How Effective Is It?, Sophia Frazier Jan 2018

Subliminal Messaging: How Effective Is It?, Sophia Frazier

A with Honors Projects

For this A with Honors paper, the student questions whether the controversial advertising method of subliminal messaging, which has been shown to provide limited results, needs to be regulated by the FCC and FTC. Concludes that the invasive nature and rights of the consumer validate regulation, despite the ineffecivenss of the technique.

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