Psychology Commons^™

Will D-Amphetamine’S Effect On Impulsive Choice Be Consistent When The Environmental Context Changes By Using Decreasing Delays To Reinforcement?, Elizabeth M. Janeiro, Jenny E. Ozga, Karen G. Anderson

Modern Psychological Studies

Impulsivity (choosing a smaller, more immediate reward over a larger, more delayed reward) and substance abuse are positively correlated. It is important to understand how factors like delay to reward and drug effects determine impulsive choice, which can be studied using animal models. This study evaluated impulsive choice in rats, where delays to the larger reward (three food pellets) were presented in decreasing order versus one food pellet delivered immediately. Then, effects of d-amphetamine were assessed. It was found that in three of four rats, d-amphetamine increased impulsive choice when the larger option was presented with decreasing delays. This effect …

Personality Traits, Political Ideology, And Candidate Preference In The Deep South, Cameron D. Mackey, Heidi L. Dempsey

Modern Psychological Studies

Previous studies have shown that disgust sensitivity (DS), right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), religious fundamentalism (RF), and belief in a just world (BJW) are associated with social conservatism and religious questioning (QUEST) is associated with social liberalism. The current study was designed determine whether these personality traits would predict who the student planned to vote for in the 2016 U.S. Presidential primary. Consistent with previous research, DS, RWA, RF, and BJW were positively correlated with social conservatism and QUEST was negatively correlated. Students who were highest on RWA, RF, and lowest on QUEST were most likely to vote for one of the …

Investigating Chronic Pain As An In-Group Using The Prisoner’S Dilemma, Tracy W. Brown, Cristian M. Botello, Amber L. Harris Bozer

Modern Psychological Studies

Kinship is a strong predictor of altruism. However, chronic pain is a homeostatic threat to survival that creates a social in-group which we predicted would result in increased altruism over and above kinship, because it is driven by shared empathy. Participants included 139 individuals that were divided into a chronic pain or control group. Participants completed six Prisoner’s Dilemma scenarios with a sibling or chronic pain accomplice. Pain altruism and sibling altruism scores were calculated based on decisions to cooperate with or defect on an accomplice. A mixed ANOVA revealed that there were no significant differences between groups. The marginal …

Sleep Disruption Among Cancer Patients Following Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Ashley M. Nelson, Heather S. L. Jim, Brent J. Small, Taiga Nishihori, Brian D. Gonzalez, Julie M. Cessna Palas, Kelly A. Hyland, Meredith E. Rumble, Paul B. Jacobsen

Psychology Faculty Publications

Despite a high prevalence of sleep disruption among hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients, relatively little research has investigated its relationships with modifiable cognitive or behavioral factors or used actigraphy to characterize sleep disruption in this population. Autologous HCT recipients who were 6–18 months post transplant completed self-report measures of cancer-related distress, fear of cancer recurrence, dysfunctional sleep cognitions, and inhibitory sleep behaviors upon enrollment. Patients then wore an actigraph for 7 days and completed a self-report measure of sleep disruption on day 7 of the study. Among the 84 participants (age M = 60, 45% female), 41% reported clinically relevant …

Are Cancer Survivors Following The National Comprehensive Cancer Network Health Behavior Guidelines? An Assessment Of Patients Attending A Cancer Survivorship Clinic, Kelly A. Hyland, Jamie M. Jacobs, Inga T. Lennes, William F. Pirl, Elyse R. Park

Psychology Faculty Publications

Purpose: Engaging in positive health behaviors post-treatment is important for cancer survivors' health. However, little is known about whether survivors are practicing health promoting behaviors. We aimed to explore whether survivors are meeting the recent health behavior guidelines set forth by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and to examine associations between health behaviors and distress. Methods: Sixty-six survivors completed a cross-sectional questionnaire assessing health behaviors prior to an initial appointment at a survivorship care clinic. Information about sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial variables and six health behavior recommendations, including physical activity, sunscreen use, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, weight …

A Meta-Analysis Of Work–Family Conflict And Social Support, Kimberly A. French, Soner Dumani, Tammy D. Allen, Kristen M. Shockley

Psychology Faculty Publications

The relationship between social support and work–family conflict is well-established, but the notion that different forms, sources, and types of social support as well as contextual factors can alter this relationship has been relatively neglected. To address this limitation, the current study provides the most comprehensive and in-depth examination of the relationship between social support and work–family conflict to date. We conduct a meta-analysis based on 1021 effect sizes and 46 countries to dissect the social support and work–family conflict relationship. Using social support theory as a theoretical framework, we challenge the assumption that social support measures are interchangeable by …

The Effect Of Laboratory Manipulations Of Negative Affect On Alcohol Craving And Use: A Meta-Analysis, Konrad Bresin, Yara Mekawi, Edelyn Verona

Psychology Faculty Publications

Scientific and lay theories propose that negative affect plays a causal role in problematic alcohol use. Despite this common belief, supporting experimental evidence has been mixed. Thus, the goals of this study were to (a) meta-analytically quantify the degree to which experimentally manipulated negative affect influenced alcohol use and craving in the laboratory, (b) examine whether the size of this effect depended on key manipulation characteristics (i.e., self-relevance of the stressor, timing of the end of the stressor, and strength of negative affect induction) or sample characteristics (i.e., substance use history). Across 41 studies (N = 2,403), we found …

How Do Electronic Cigarettes Affect Cravings To Smoke Or Vape? Parsing The Influences Of Nicotine And Expectancies Using The Balanced-Placebo Design, Amanda Palmer, Thomas H. Brandon

Psychology Faculty Publications

Objective: Although electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are frequently initiated for smoking cessation, results from the first two clinical trials testing this suggest that the perceived benefits of vaping may be influenced by non-nicotine factors, including cognitive outcome expectancies. The current study investigated the separate and combined effects of nicotine delivery and outcome expectancies on cravings for cigarettes and e-cigarettes using a balanced-placebo experiment. Method: Drug dosage (contains nicotine or not) was crossed with instructional set (told nicotine or non-nicotine) during ad lib e-cigarette use sessions by 128 current e-cigarette users (52 identifying as current cigarette smokers or “dual users”). It was …

Non-Response To Sad Mood Induction: Implications For Emotion Research, Johnathan Rottenberg, Maria Kovacs, Ilya Yaroslavsky

Psychology Faculty Publications

Experimental induction of sad mood states is a mainstay of laboratory research on affect and cognition, mood regulation, and mood disorders. Typically, the success of such mood manipulations is reported as a statistically significant pre- to post-induction change in the self-rated intensity of the target affect. The present commentary was motivated by an unexpected finding in one of our studies concerning the response rate to a well-validated sad mood induction. Using the customary statistical approach, we found a significant mean increase in self-rated sadness intensity with a moderate effect size, verifying the “success” of the mood induction. However, that “success” …

Characterizing Belief Bias In Syllogistic Reasoning: A Hierarchical Bayesian Meta-Analysis Of Roc Data, Dries Trippas, David Kellen, Henrick Singman, Gordon Pennycook, Derek J. Koehler, Jonathan A. Fugelsang, Chad Dubé

Psychology Faculty Publications

The belief-bias effect is one of the most-studied biases in reasoning. A recent study of the phenomenon using the signal detection theory (SDT) model called into question all theoretical accounts of belief bias by demonstrating that belief-based differences in the ability to discriminate between valid and invalid syllogisms may be an artifact stemming from the use of inappropriate linear measurement models such as analysis of variance (Dube et al., Psychological Review, 117(3), 831–863, 2010). The discrepancy between Dube et al.’s, Psychological Review, 117(3), 831–863 (2010) results and the previous three decades of work, together with …

Using Differing Levels Of Physical Activity As A Context Cue For Memory, Jami Swan

Undergraduate Honors Theses

The current study aimed to investigate the use of physical activity as a context cue for object location memory. The study included 49 undergraduate students who were asked to encode and recall a grid of 14 objects under three different physical activity conditions: rest, rolling a ping-pong ball, and pedaling on an exercise bike. It was expected that participants engaging in matching physical activity contexts at encoding and recall would have significantly higher rates of recall for object locations when compared to participants in the non-matching physical activity contexts. Results did not support my hypothesis as there was no evidence …

Double- And Triple-Duty Caregiving Men: An Examination Of Subjective Stress And Perceived Schedule Control, Nicole Depasquale, Steven H. Zarit, Jacqueline Mogle, Phyllis Moen, Leslie B. Hammer, David M. Almeida

Psychology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Based on the stress process model of family caregiving, this study examined subjective stress appraisals and perceived schedule control among men employed in the long-term care industry (workplace-only caregivers) who concurrently occupied unpaid family caregiving roles for children (double-duty child caregivers), older adults (double-duty elder caregivers), and both children and older adults (triple-duty caregivers). Survey responses from 123 men working in nursing home facilities in the United States were analyzed using multiple linear regression models. Results indicated that workplace-only and double- and triple-duty caregivers’ appraised primary stress similarly. However, several differences emerged with respect to secondary role strains, specifically work–family …

Graduate Bulletin, 2018-2019, Minnesota State University Moorhead

Graduate Bulletins (Catalogs)

No abstract provided.

Reframing Sports Psychology: A Phenomenological Perspective On Mental Imagery, Motivation, Emotions And Teamwork, Daniel Mcloughlin, Rachel Sowinski

Psychology Department Student Scholarship

The majority of research in the field of sports psychology focuses on quantifiable, evidence-based, universally applicable theory. Current evidence-based programs of intervention are heavily based on symptomatology and often ignore the lived experiences of athletes; an unspoken assumption seems to exist that events, dialogue, and emotions will elicit identical responses from all athletes. Many clinicians find a large portion of their work focused on the subfields of mental imagery, motivation, emotions, and teamwork. Each topic has a dominating theory, which is typically derived from the concepts of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. While CBT certainly has its benefits, its shortcomings are evident in …

Measurement Of The Propensity To Trust Automation, Sarah Ann Jessup

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Few studies have examined how propensity to trust in automation influences trust behaviors, those which indicate users are relying on automation. Of the published studies, there are inconsistencies in how propensity to trust automation is conceptualized and thus measured. Research on attitudes and intentions has discerned that reliability and validity of measures can be increased by using more direct and specific language, which reduces ambiguity and increases the ability to predict behavior. This study examined how traditional measures of propensity to trust automation could be adapted to predict whether automation is deemed as trustworthy (perceived trustworthiness) and whether people behave …

Why Less Property Is More: Inclusion, Dispossession, & Subjective Well-Being, David Fagundes

Faculty Articles

The twin notions of exclusion and possession dominate our cultural and legal conceptions of property. This Article uses the lens of hedonics—the emergent science of happiness—to make a case for the less appreciated notions of inclusion and dispossession. Evidence from this new field shows that owners maximize their welfare, not when they amass land and chattels and keep others away from them, but when they pursue the polar-opposite strategies of inclusion and dispossession, such as sharing their property, donating it to charity, or giving it away. This Article begins its defense of inclusion and dispossession by providing background about the …

Understanding Self-Reported Sexual Violence Perpetration: Correlates And Prevention Participation, Jacqueline F. Klatt

Honors Theses and Capstones

Bystander prevention programs seek to educate individuals on the nature of sexual violence and increase bystander efficacy. This study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of the Bringing in the Bystander (BITB) prevention program through self-reports of perpetration behaviors as well as risk factors associated with perpetration. The bystander prevention program was implemented on a rural mid-sized public university and first-year students were surveyed three times at separate time points (2 weeks, 5 months, and 12 months) after the program conclusion. Results from a correlational and logistic regression analysis show that endorsement of violent peer norms, rape myth acceptance, and rape …

Differentiating Hostility And Indifference: Motive Autonomy As A Circumplex Moderator, Shelby Rae Curtis

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Basic personality models, such as the Interpersonal Circumplex and the Five Factor Model often conflict when defining the traits that form the negative pole of communion. Some argue that both hostility and indifference compose the opposite of warmth, whereas others collapse the two traits into one (e.g. hostility/indifference, cold/quarrelsomeness). Still others argue that it is indifference (or hostility) alone that should be considered the negative pole to communion. Whereas consolidation of traits may result in misinterpretations of interpersonal interactions and behaviors, choosing only hostility or indifference may miss critical information. Thus, the present research explores the inclusion of motive autonomy …

The Impact Of Animacy And Positioning On The Production Of Second Language Referring Expressions, Adonis De Carvalho Borges

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Researches have investigated how referring expressions are produced based upon second language acquisition and psycholinguistics theories. A study of monolingual English speakers demonstrated that referent's salience and discourse factors might impact referring expression choice between noun phrases and pronouns. Participants demonstrated a higher production of pronouns when the referent expression was animate rather than inanimate and a preference for noun phrases when the referent was the second noun phrase of the referent's context sentence (Fukumura & Van Gompel, 2011). In addition, an investigation with Hispanic bilinguals, whose L2 is English, demonstrated, in general, a greater preference for pronouns rather than …

Fluoxetine Exposure Results In Decreased Sensitivity To Cocaine And Sucrose Later In Life: A Study In Female C57bl/6 Mice, Francisco Javier Flores Ramirez

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Preclinical evidence indicates that exposure to psychotropic medications, during early development, results in long-lasting altered responses to stress- and reward-related stimuli. However, these animal studies have been conducted, primarily, using male subjects. This is surprising, given that clinical data suggests that females have a higher likelihood, than their male counterparts, to be diagnosed with mood-related illnesses, and thus, be prescribed with psychotropic medications, mostly antidepressants. Therefore, to examine whether enduring reward-related alterations are exhibited as a result of antidepressant exposure, in female subjects specifically, we exposed C57BL/6 female mice to fluoxetine (FLX; 250 mg/l in their drinking water). Specifically, separate …

El Pueblo Unido: Analyzing Group-Based Activism, Corin Ramos

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The United States is often known as The Land of the Free. This title, in large part, is reflective of our first constitutional amendment, guaranteeing freedom of speech, assembly, and the right to petition the government. Throughout history, social activist groups of all backgrounds have exercised their right to speak, protest, and gather in the interest of their group. The psychological basis of what motivates someone to engage in or support collective efforts has been studied. Several theories including the politicization of one's group identity, and the presence of others are discussed as predictors of collective action. The current research …

Seeking Health Information In The Diabetes Online Community (Doc); The Role Of Health Literacy, Social Support And Community Interaction On Treatment Adherence, Allyson Hughes

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Social support, being valued and cared for by others (Wills, 1991), is a critical construct for disease management and often includes providing advice and information to peers online. Approximately 83% of individuals with chronic disease search for health information online and there are more than 500,000 active social media users in the Diabetes Online Community (DOC) who have varying levels of disease management expertise. Due to the strenuous nature of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), members of the DOC are continuously asking for and receiving anecdotal health information, yet very few studies have evaluated the impact of the DOC on treatment …

Tabletop Role-Playing Games, Narrative, And Individual Development, Benjamin Luke Flournoy

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Excerpt from Introduction

In 1982, Bothered About Dungeons & Dragons (BADD) was created. BADD was a group consisted of parents, teachers, and clergy who were worried about the spiritual and mental development of children, who they saw were at risk of being corrupted by a single game—Dungeons & Dragons. The group campaigned again and again, warning fellow parents about the detrimental effect that this game could have on a child’s life. They believed Dungeons & Dragons had a kind of power over its players—a power that could create meaning and even take children to their eternal doom. This …

Predicting Patients' Trust In Physicians From Personality Variables, Ethnicity, And Gender, Zoreed A. Mukhtar

Digital Repository: Showcase of Undergraduate Research Excellence

No abstract provided.

Violence Exposure In Human Rights Defenders' Work, Marko Carrasco Lundgren

Capstone Collection

The work carried out by Human Rights Defenders (HRDs) is fundamental for a more just and democratic society. Therefore, the acts of aggression against them, whether committed by individuals, the State, armed groups or corporative interests, constitute an indirect attack against the rights of the whole population. By restricting access to information and limiting political participation, these aggressions impede society from actively engaging in public affairs, something that ultimately takes the power away from the people.

From a perspective empathetic to HRDs, this Independent Practitioner Inquiry Capstone paper (IPIC) explores possible causes of violence exposure in HRDs’ work and its …

The Relationship Between Millennials' Attitudes Towards The United States And Their Goals And Personal Constructs, Angelica M. Hernandez

Honors Undergraduate Theses

The purpose of this study was to examine various aspects of Millennials' attitudes related to their beliefs about the United States and in the context of their personal, career, and family goals and ethnic identity. Another purpose of this study was to determine if selected personality variables would predict attitudes toward the United States. It was found that Millennials who held positive attitudes toward the United States in terms of being a viable country for them also had relatively clear and developed personal, career, and family goals. Moreover, three personality variables—resiliency, optimism, and (inversely) cynicism significantly contributed to Millennials' views …

Exploring The Relationship Between Attitudes About Mental Illness, About Guns, And Personality Variables, Rachel N. Chavez

Honors Undergraduate Theses

This study explores relationships among attitudes about mental illness and guns in order to shed some light on two issues often mentioned in the same realm: mental illness and gun violence. This study also explores if personality variables relate to these attitudes about guns and mental illness. The results of this study found that those who reported more positive attitudes toward guns will have more negative attitudes toward mental illness. The data supported another part of the hypothesis that males would report more positive attitudes towards guns and more negative attitudes towards mental illness than females. This study did not …

A Deviance Regulation Theory Intervention To Reduce Alcohol Problems Among First-Year College Students, Angelina V. Leary

Honors Undergraduate Theses

OBJECTIVE: An alcohol-drinking culture exists among first-time-in-college students, where many of these students come to their university relatively inexperienced with alcohol, which may increase alcohol-related consequences. Several interventions exist to combat this campus problem. The current study investigates the use of a Deviance Regulation Theory (DRT) intervention, presented in a web-based manner, to increase alcohol Protective Behavioral Strategies (PBS), such as monitoring drinks, using a designated driver, and drinking water in between alcoholic beverages, among college freshmen. METHOD: College freshmen participants (N = 157) completed web-based surveys examining alcohol behaviors once a week for six weeks. Participants were randomly …

Social Anxiety And Subtypes Of Empathy: The Moderating Influence Of Biological Sex, Samantha K. Berg

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Only a few studies have examined relationships between social anxiety and subtypes of empathy. Findings are mixed. The present study examined social anxiety severity on a continuum and how it related to affective and cognitive empathy in 684 nonpsychiatric adults (77% female). Participants completed an online battery of measures that included: a self-report measure of social anxiety severity (Fear of Negative Evaluation), a self-report measure with subscales for affective and cognitive empathy (Interpersonal Reactivity Index), and a behavioral measure of cognitive empathy (Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task; MIE). After statistically covarying for general anxiety severity, biological sex moderated …

Childhood Experiences And Domestic Violence: The Role That Interpartner Violence Plays In Relationship Functioning And Parenting Behaviors In Adulthood., J'Nelle Stephenson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

It is estimated that approximately 25% of women and 7.6% of men report experiencing violence from their romantic partner during their lifetime. Additionally, in households where interpartner violence occurs, there are between 3.3 and 10 million children in the United States alone. It is important to understand the cycle of domestic violence that can occur, as it can inform us about expected outcomes across time. This study examined mothers' childhood exposure to their own parents' domestic violence. It was hypothesized that childhood exposure to domestic violence would be related to unhealthy intimate relationships and to the development of maladaptive parenting …