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2018

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Articles 2281 - 2310 of 3772

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Memory And Music, Sean Harty Jan 2018

Memory And Music, Sean Harty

Music: Student Scholarship & Creative Works

A literature review of sources pertaining to Music and Psychology. Focusing on how the brain reacts to music, and how our brains change as we age. Relates these topics to practicing music therapists. Proposes future studies based on the collected research.

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Do Clothing Style And Color Affect Our Perceptions Of Others?, Ariel M. Kershner Jan 2018

Do Clothing Style And Color Affect Our Perceptions Of Others?, Ariel M. Kershner

Faculty Curated Undergraduate Works

Prior research has shown that women who wear red clothing or suggestive clothing are perceived as more attractive, having greater sexual intent, and having more negative qualities than women dressed in different colors or less suggestive clothing. This bias towards perceiving sexual intent may be evolutionary or may be due to people projecting their emotions onto others. The current study builds from this research by performing a 2 (color: white or red) x 2 (clothing type: suggestive or non-suggestive) between-subjects experiment. We hypothesized that women would be perceived as more attractive and as having greater sexual intent while wearing red …

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Gratitude Predicts Hope And Happiness: A Two-Study Assessment Of Traits And States, Charlotte Witvliet, Fallon J. Richie, Lindsey M. Root Luna, Daryl R. Van Tongeren Jan 2018

Gratitude Predicts Hope And Happiness: A Two-Study Assessment Of Traits And States, Charlotte Witvliet, Fallon J. Richie, Lindsey M. Root Luna, Daryl R. Van Tongeren

Faculty Scholarship

Gratitude is the appreciation of a gift received; happiness is the enjoyment of a present good; and hope is the desire for a valued future. Two studies investigated gratitude as a predictor of hope and happiness. In Study 1, hierarchical regressions (N = 181) revealed that trait gratitude exceeded other constructs (forgivingness, patience, self-control) in predicting trait hope and happiness. In Study 2, we experimentally tested the impact of a gratitude-related writing intervention on state hope and happiness. Participants (N = 153) first wrote about a current, meaningful, hoped-for outcome and completed state hope and happiness measures. Participants …

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Mechanisms Of Interactive Specialization And Emergence Of Functional Brain Circuits Supporting Cognitive Development In Children, Christian Battista, Tanya M. Evans, Tricia J. Ngoon, Tianwen Chen, Lang Chen, John Kochalka, Vinod Menon Jan 2018

Mechanisms Of Interactive Specialization And Emergence Of Functional Brain Circuits Supporting Cognitive Development In Children, Christian Battista, Tanya M. Evans, Tricia J. Ngoon, Tianwen Chen, Lang Chen, John Kochalka, Vinod Menon

Psychology

Cognitive development is thought to depend on the refinement and specialization of functional circuits over time, yet little is known about how this process unfolds over the course of childhood. Here we investigated growth trajectories of functional brain circuits and tested an interactive specialization model of neurocognitive development which posits that the refinement of task-related functional networks is driven by a shared history of co-activation between cortical regions. We tested this model in a longitudinal cohort of 30 children with behavioral and task-related functional brain imaging data at multiple time points spanning childhood and adolescence, focusing on the maturation of …

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Measuring Perceptual Consciousness, Marjan Persuh Jan 2018

Measuring Perceptual Consciousness, Marjan Persuh

Publications and Research

Conscious perception is typically assessed with either objective or subjective measures (Seth et al.,2008). Measures are considered objective if conscious perception is estimated from performancein a discrimination task; inability to discriminate between stimuli is taken as evidence thatparticipants had no conscious perception (Hannula et al., 2005). Measures are considered subjectiveif participants report their visual experience on each trial (Sergent and Dehaene, 2004; Del Culet al., 2007). One type of subjective measures consists of metacognitivejudgments; the relationshipbetween metacognition and perceptual awareness is a matter ofdebate (Fleming and Lau, 2014;Jachs et al., 2015) and I will not discuss these measures further. Likewise, …

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Childhood Interpersonal Violence And Adult Alcohol, Cannabis, And Tobacco Use Disorders: Variation By Race/Ethnicity?, Jacquelyn Meyers, Carolyn Sartor, Kimberly Werner, Karestan Koenen, Bridget Grant, Deborah Hasin Jan 2018

Childhood Interpersonal Violence And Adult Alcohol, Cannabis, And Tobacco Use Disorders: Variation By Race/Ethnicity?, Jacquelyn Meyers, Carolyn Sartor, Kimberly Werner, Karestan Koenen, Bridget Grant, Deborah Hasin

Nursing Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

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The Influence Of Personal Well-Being On Learning Achievement In University Students Over Time: Mediating Or Moderating Effects Of Internal And External University Engagement, Lu Yu, Daniel T. L. Shek, Xiaoqin Zhu Jan 2018

The Influence Of Personal Well-Being On Learning Achievement In University Students Over Time: Mediating Or Moderating Effects Of Internal And External University Engagement, Lu Yu, Daniel T. L. Shek, Xiaoqin Zhu

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The current study examined the relationship between students' personal well-being and their learning achievement during university study, and whether such relationship would be mediated or moderated by university engagement. A total of 434 university students from one public university in Hong Kong participated in the study. The participants completed an online survey consisting of personal well-being (cognitive behavioral competence and general positive youth development), university engagement, and learning achievement measures (personal growth, and accumulated GPA as academic achievement) at four time points with a 1-year interval. Results showed that personal well-being measured at the beginning of university study positively predicted …

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A Supramodal Role Of The Basal Ganglia In Memory And Motor Inhibition: Meta-Analytic Evidence, Yuhua Guo, Taylor W. Schmitz, Marieke Mur, Catarina S. Ferreira, Michael C. Anderson Jan 2018

A Supramodal Role Of The Basal Ganglia In Memory And Motor Inhibition: Meta-Analytic Evidence, Yuhua Guo, Taylor W. Schmitz, Marieke Mur, Catarina S. Ferreira, Michael C. Anderson

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

© 2017 The Authors The ability to stop actions and thoughts is essential for goal-directed behaviour. Neuroimaging research has revealed that stopping actions and thoughts engage similar cortical mechanisms, including the ventro- and dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex. However, whether and how these abilities require similar subcortical mechanisms remains unexplored. Specifically of interest are the basal ganglia, subcortical structures long-known for their motor functions, but less so for their role in cognition. To investigate the potential common mechanisms in the basal ganglia underlying action and thought stopping, we conducted meta-analyses using fMRI data from the Go/No-Go, Stop-signal, and Think/No-Think tasks. All three …

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Slave To The Rhythm: Variation In The Acoustic Signaling Of Picoides Woodpeckers, Alex Baer Jan 2018

Slave To The Rhythm: Variation In The Acoustic Signaling Of Picoides Woodpeckers, Alex Baer

Theses and Dissertations

We explored rhythmic variation in acoustic signals by geography across four species of Picoides woodpeckers. We hypothesized that there would be an effect of geographic location on the cadence of drums and rattle-type calls. No significant effect was observed. However, drum cadence was observed to significantly impact conspecific recognition in playbacks.

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Singing And Stress, Joseline Lopez Jan 2018

Singing And Stress, Joseline Lopez

Theses and Dissertations

College students use various methods to cope with stress. The effects of singing on stress, have been scarcely examined in students with little to no singing experience while in their natural environments. College students' stress levels were examined before and after singing. A significant decrease in stress levels was found.

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An Exploration Of The Perceived Usefulness Of The Introductory Statistics Course And Students’ Intentions To Further Engage In Statistics, Rossi A. Hassad Jan 2018

An Exploration Of The Perceived Usefulness Of The Introductory Statistics Course And Students’ Intentions To Further Engage In Statistics, Rossi A. Hassad

Numeracy

Students’ attitude, including perceived usefulness, is generally associated with academic success. The related research in statistics education has focused almost exclusively on the role of attitude in explaining and predicting academic learning outcomes, hence there is a paucity of research evidence on how attitude (particularly perceived usefulness) impacts students’ intentions to use and stay engaged in statistics beyond the introductory course. This study explored the relationship between college students’ perception of the usefulness of an introductory statistics course, their beliefs about where statistics will be most useful, and their intentions to take another statistics course. A cross-sectional study of 106 …

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A Paradigm For Understanding Trust And Mistrust In Medical Research: The Community Voices Study, Margaret Smirnoff, Ilene Wilets, Deborah Ragin, R. Adams, Jennifer Holohan, Rosamond Rhodes, Gary Winkel, Edmund M. Ricci, Cindy F. Clesca, Lynne D. Richardson Jan 2018

A Paradigm For Understanding Trust And Mistrust In Medical Research: The Community Voices Study, Margaret Smirnoff, Ilene Wilets, Deborah Ragin, R. Adams, Jennifer Holohan, Rosamond Rhodes, Gary Winkel, Edmund M. Ricci, Cindy F. Clesca, Lynne D. Richardson

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Background: To promote justice in research practice and rectify health disparities, greater diversity in research participation is needed. Lack of trust in medical research is one of the most significant obstacles to research participation. Multiple variables have been identified as factors associated with research participant trust/mistrust. A conceptual model that provides meaningful insight into the interplay of factors impacting trust may promote more ethical research practice and provide an enhanced, actionable understanding of participant mistrust. Methods: A structured survey was developed to capture attitudes toward research conducted in emergency situations; this article focuses on items designed to assess respondents' level …

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Mexican-Origin Parents’ Stress And Satisfaction: The Role Of Emotional Support, Tierney K. Popp, Melissa Y. Delgado, Lorey Wheeler Jan 2018

Mexican-Origin Parents’ Stress And Satisfaction: The Role Of Emotional Support, Tierney K. Popp, Melissa Y. Delgado, Lorey Wheeler

Nebraska Center for Research on Children, Youth, Families, and Schools: Faculty Publications

Guided by a process model of parenting and the integrative model, this study examined sources of emotional support (i.e., partner, maternal, paternal) as related to stress and satisfaction resulting from the parenting role in a sample of Mexican-origin young adult parents who participated in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) during Wave IV. Participants were male and female parents (26–35 years of age; 59% female; N = 737) who had children and a partner. Results from structural equation modeling revealed support from mothers as salient; high levels of maternal support were associated with high levels …

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A Biblical Approach For An Inner Healing Discipleship Cycle For Migrants And Refugees, Diói Cruz Jan 2018

A Biblical Approach For An Inner Healing Discipleship Cycle For Migrants And Refugees, Diói Cruz

Journal of Adventist Mission Studies

"Within the Adventist Church many immigrants struggle silently with the consequences of emotional pain, fear, failure, anxiety, stress, inadequate parenting, rejection, and abusive relationships. Many try to cope with the ongoing results of involvement in the occult or other false religions, and the effects of physical illness, accidents, and trauma continue to impact their lives. It is God’s desire that we prosper and be in good health (3 John 2) because he created us in his image. “For in Him we live, and move, and have our being” (Acts 17:28). Therefore, if we are to reflect his image we must …

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Health-Related Quality Of Life In Patients With Arthritis: A Cross-Sectional Survey Among Middle-Aged Adults In Chongqing, China, Yunshuang Rao, Xianglong Xu, Dengyuan Liu, Cesar Reis, Ian M. Newman, Liqiang Qin, Manoj Sharma, Jun Shen, Yong Zhao Jan 2018

Health-Related Quality Of Life In Patients With Arthritis: A Cross-Sectional Survey Among Middle-Aged Adults In Chongqing, China, Yunshuang Rao, Xianglong Xu, Dengyuan Liu, Cesar Reis, Ian M. Newman, Liqiang Qin, Manoj Sharma, Jun Shen, Yong Zhao

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

Background: Arthritis is a common disease in China, but few studies have been conducted to explore the associated health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and its influencing factors in Chongqing, China. This study aimed to explore the association of arthritis and HRQoL and probe factors affecting HRQoL among arthritis patients. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Chongqing, China. A total of 1224 adults were included in the analysis. Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) was used to measure HRQoL. Multiple linear regression models (stepwise) and covariance analysis models were used to examine the association of arthritis with …

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There’S No Place Like A Favorite Place: The Role Of Place On Donative Behavior, Micaela Nee Jan 2018

There’S No Place Like A Favorite Place: The Role Of Place On Donative Behavior, Micaela Nee

Psychology Honors Papers

This research explored the role of place on emotions and behaviors through 2 studies. After establishing the significant role place has on emotions and behavior in Experiment 1, Experiment 2 was conducted to help understand the environmental influences on pro-environmental and pro-social intentions and on donative behavior. In the first experiment, donative behavior was explored following prompts that asked participants to reflect on a nostalgic place, nostalgic event, ordinary place, ordinary event, or favorite place. The first experiment also investigated how feelings of place attachment and nostalgia compare on established functions of nostalgia, including positive affect, self-regard, social-connectedness, and meaning …

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Under-Researched And Underrepresented: Community Members’ Perceptions Of International Volunteering And International Volunteers In Swaziland, Laura Anne Henderson Jan 2018

Under-Researched And Underrepresented: Community Members’ Perceptions Of International Volunteering And International Volunteers In Swaziland, Laura Anne Henderson

Psychology Honors Papers

This thesis consisted of two separate studies that explored the perceptions and opinions of local community members in Swaziland on international volunteering and international volunteers. The first study included 27 participants, 18 years and older, 14 of whom were males and 13 who were females, from various subgroups of the population. The subgroups were members of international volunteering organizations, students from Waterford Kamhlaba (a local international high school), members of the professional and working population and host community members who receive international volunteers. All participants answered 20 questions in a semi-structured interview. Qualitative analysis of the responses yielded five overarching …

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Interpersonal Chemistry In Friendships And Romantic Relationships, Kelly Campbell, Jessie Nelson, Michele L. Parker, Silvana Johnston Jan 2018

Interpersonal Chemistry In Friendships And Romantic Relationships, Kelly Campbell, Jessie Nelson, Michele L. Parker, Silvana Johnston

Psychology Faculty Publications

Interpersonal chemistry refers to a perceived instant connection that exists when meeting a person for the first time. In this study, we inductively explored the characteristics of friendship and romantic chemistry for men and women. A social constructionist lens guided our data collection and interpretation. The sample consisted of 362 ethnically diverse individuals (men = 162, women = 200) who completed an online survey. Using textual coding methods, we identified the core themes for interpersonal chemistry as: Reciprocal candor, mutual enjoyment, attraction, similarities, personableness, love, instant connection, and indescribable factors. The similarities theme was more characteristic of friendship than romantic …

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Sensation Seeking And Attitudes Towards Substance Use In Athletes And Non-Athletes, Jon Maiers Jan 2018

Sensation Seeking And Attitudes Towards Substance Use In Athletes And Non-Athletes, Jon Maiers

All Zyzzogeton Presentations

We examined differences between athletes and non-athletes on sensation seeking and attitudes towards substance use. We found that there was no significant difference between athletes and non-athletes on sensation seeking nor on attitudes about alcohol, tobacco, cocaine, marijuana, or ecstasy. However, athletes trended toward more favorable views about alcohol use than non-athletes. Overall, college students higher in sensation seeking had more positive attitudes about substances. Though conclusions are limited by the small sample size, sensation seeking college students may be at increased risk for substance use.

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College Students' Reactions To Sexual Assault Disclosure, Alexis Nagle Jan 2018

College Students' Reactions To Sexual Assault Disclosure, Alexis Nagle

All Zyzzogeton Presentations

A total of 60 Augsburg University undergraduate students took part in a survey to examine reactions to sexual assault disclosure among college students. College students were asked to either respond based on personal experience (i.e., reflective) or, when they lacked personal experience with sexual assault disclosure, to respond hypothetically. The hypothetical group indicated significantly higher unsupportive acknowledgement than the reflective group. Preliminary analyses also revealed that gender did not significantly impact the reactions to disclosure, though male college students reported higher rape myth acceptance than female college students. Given that more than half of the college students experienced a sexual …

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Longitudinal Relationship Between Onset Of Physical Symptoms And Functional Impairment, Lisa M. Mcandrew, Drew A. Helmer, Shou-En Lu, Helena K. Chandler, Sarah Slotkin, Karen S. Quigley Jan 2018

Longitudinal Relationship Between Onset Of Physical Symptoms And Functional Impairment, Lisa M. Mcandrew, Drew A. Helmer, Shou-En Lu, Helena K. Chandler, Sarah Slotkin, Karen S. Quigley

Educational & Counseling Psychology Faculty Scholarship

Patients with chronic physical symptoms (e.g., chronic pain) often have significant functional impairment (i.e., disability). The fear avoidance model is the dominant theoretical model of how the relationship between chronic physical symptoms and functional impairment develops and proposes a cyclical/bidirectional relationship. There has never been a definitive test of the proposed bi-directional relationship. The current study followed 767 Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom soldiers from pre-deployment, when they were relatively healthy, to one year after deployment, when it was anticipated that symptoms would increase or develop. Over the four assessment time points, physical symptom severity consistently predicted worse functional impairment …

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The Efficacy Of Mindfulness Based Interventions For Soldiers And Veterans, Adam Clark Jan 2018

The Efficacy Of Mindfulness Based Interventions For Soldiers And Veterans, Adam Clark

Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-

The psychological impacts of war can be devastating for soldiers and veterans. Even for those who have not seen combat, military service can be a stressful experience. Although posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been identified as the most common form of psychopathology in this population, military personnel are susceptible to a variety of other mental illnesses, including anxiety, depression, and substance use disorders (Prigerson, Maciejewski, & Rosenheck, 2002). Meta-analytic reviews demonstrate the efficacy of exposure-based interventions for soldiers and veterans with symptoms of posttraumatic stress (PTS), but results are inconclusive regarding the efficacy of other treatments for military servicemembers (Kitchiner, …

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Social Justice Disaster Relief, Counseling, And Advocacy: The Case Of The Northern California Wildfires, Daniela Domínguez Jan 2018

Social Justice Disaster Relief, Counseling, And Advocacy: The Case Of The Northern California Wildfires, Daniela Domínguez

Psychology

Using our professional experiences with natural disaster relief, as well as existing theory, the authors introduce an equity-oriented framework— Social Justice Disaster Relief, Counseling, and Advocacy. We then present the case of the 2017 Northern California wildfires using responses from 259 individuals who were living in the region of the Northern California wildfires—the most destructive fires in California state history. We collected qualitative and demographic data on each participant three months after the fires ended. Qualitative data included detailed written reflections to a prompt from each participant in response to an online questionnaire. A thematic analysis using open, axial, and …

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How To Have Your Cake And Eat It Too: Embedding Experimental Research In Your Courses To Improve Student Learning And Performance, Sarah Grison Jan 2018

How To Have Your Cake And Eat It Too: Embedding Experimental Research In Your Courses To Improve Student Learning And Performance, Sarah Grison

Psychology Faculty

Are you interested both in psychology research and in using findings to improve student learning? In fact, many psychology teachers view themselves as teacher-scholars. However, many of us also wonder how we can translate research into classroom practices and determine whether they impact student performance and learning. The goal of this interactive workshop is to provide a practical and effective way to support the needs of teacher-scholars. We aim to achieve this goal by using an approach called evidence-based teaching and learning, where teachers explore new research in the field, develop experimental classroom studies, and use the findings to improve …

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Bachelor Of Science Behavioral Neuroscience 2018-2019, Nova Southeastern University Jan 2018

Bachelor Of Science Behavioral Neuroscience 2018-2019, Nova Southeastern University

CPS Undergraduate Course Catalogs

No abstract provided.

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B.S. In Psychology 2018, Nova Southeastern University Jan 2018

B.S. In Psychology 2018, Nova Southeastern University

CPS Undergraduate Course Catalogs

No abstract provided.

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An Examination Of A Mindfulness-Based Intervention For Older Adults, Morgan Levy Jan 2018

An Examination Of A Mindfulness-Based Intervention For Older Adults, Morgan Levy

Theses and Dissertations

Mindfulness-based interventions use meditation and other learning exercises to help individuals become more aware of their current physiological and emotional experiences. Benefits of practicing mindfulness include an increase in positive psychological outcomes (e.g., psychological well-being, emotion regulation) and a decrease in negative psychological outcomes (e.g., anxiety, depression). The vast majority of studies focus on younger rather than older adults—setting the stage for the current study, which involved delivering a five-session mindfulness-based intervention to older adults (i.e., 60 and older). The smaller literature focused on older adults is promising but generally lacks methodological rigor (e.g., lack of no-treatment control groups). The …

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The Relationship Between Adolescent Suicidality And Engagement In Risky Behaviors, Elissa Rebecca Golden Jan 2018

The Relationship Between Adolescent Suicidality And Engagement In Risky Behaviors, Elissa Rebecca Golden

Theses and Dissertations

Adolescent suicide is a serious and growing problem among adolescents. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to try and identify predictors of suicidal ideation. The first objective was to examine whether the level of engagement in risky behavior predicts an increase in total suicidal ideation above and beyond other well-known risk factors (i.e., family functioning, gender, and problem-solving skills). The second objective was to investigate whether different types of risky behaviors (i.e., internalizing versus externalizing) predict different forms of suicidal ideation (i.e., passive versus active) above and beyond perceived family functioning, gender, and problem-solving skills. The pre-test archival …

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Assessing Instructed Feigner's Response To The Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale, Stephen Scott Grabner Jan 2018

Assessing Instructed Feigner's Response To The Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale, Stephen Scott Grabner

Theses and Dissertations

Research has suggested that the interrogative suggestibility levels play an important role in the elicitation of a false confession within a police interrogation. The Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (GSS-1) is currently the only validated assessment tool that measures interrogative suggestibility levels, and it is frequently used in forensic evaluations to help support or refute false confession claims. While it is imperative that the GSS-1 readily differentiate between those who are genuinely suggestible and those who are feigning higher suggestibility levels, past researchers have raised concerns regarding the layperson’s ability to feign higher suggestibility levels as measured by the GSS-1. This paper …

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Do Gender Differences In Perceived Prototypical Computer Scientists And Engineers Contribute To Gender Gaps In Computer Science And Engineering?, Joyce Ehrlinger, E. Ashby Plant, Marissa K. Hartwig, Jordan J. Vossen, Corey J. Columb, Lauren E. Brewer Jan 2018

Do Gender Differences In Perceived Prototypical Computer Scientists And Engineers Contribute To Gender Gaps In Computer Science And Engineering?, Joyce Ehrlinger, E. Ashby Plant, Marissa K. Hartwig, Jordan J. Vossen, Corey J. Columb, Lauren E. Brewer

Faculty Publications

Women are vastly underrepresented in the fields of computer science and engineering (CS&E). We examined whether women might view the intellectual characteristics of prototypical individuals in CS&E in more stereotype-consistent ways than men might and, consequently, show less interest in CS&E. We asked 269 U.S. college students (187, 69.5% women) to describe the prototypical computer scientist (Study 1) or engineer (Study 2) through open-ended descriptions as well as through a set of trait ratings. Participants also rated themselves on the same set of traits and rated their similarity to the prototype. Finally, participants in both studies were asked to describe …

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