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2018

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Articles 1681 - 1710 of 3772

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Differences In The Role Of Acculturation On The Correlates Of Suicidal Ideation Among Asian Subgroups, Khadijah Ahmad May 2018

Differences In The Role Of Acculturation On The Correlates Of Suicidal Ideation Among Asian Subgroups, Khadijah Ahmad

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Ethnic and racial differences have been acknowledged in the relationship between culture and psychopathology, and acculturation has been associated with risk for suicidal ideation. The present paper examined the relation between acculturation and the correlates of suicide (i.e., hopelessness, depression) among Asian subgroups. Because an emphasis on Asians as a homogenous group obfuscates important ethnic differences that may influence risk for suicide, the present paper sought to highlight differences in risk for suicide among different Asian subgroups. This paper is divided into seven sections that address the role of acculturation and cultural values, norms, and beliefs on the correlates of …

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Out Of The Shadows: Women Of The Fmln Guerrilla Army In El Salvador’S Civil War, 1979–1992, Erica Gonzalez May 2018

Out Of The Shadows: Women Of The Fmln Guerrilla Army In El Salvador’S Civil War, 1979–1992, Erica Gonzalez

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Over the course of a century, revolutionary movements have emerged every few years across the region of Central America, movements that fought for overturning dictatorships and confronting socio-economic inequalities. Women experience higher levels of poverty, human rights violations and discrimination due to gender inequalities. Representing 30% of the FMLN guerrilla army, women in El Salvador took a quantum leap into one of the most horrific and violent armed conflicts in the history of the country (Montgomery 123). Theorists have sought to explain why women became involved in the war. Experts of insurgent collective action agree that women's participation played a …

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Effects Of Goal Training On Goal Structures, Charlotte S. Redhead May 2018

Effects Of Goal Training On Goal Structures, Charlotte S. Redhead

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

In this study, a goal training intervention was developed and evaluated. The main purpose of this investigation was to provide evidence that training, constructed according to implications drawn from goal theory, can affect student goal setting and achievement. Unique to this investigation was that training targeted both short- and long-term goal setting processes linked to career goal pursuits. Findings indicated that goal training resulted in students’ productions of career goal hierarchies consistent with theoretical prescriptions of quality goal structures. This study has implications for those in positions to develop and mentor individuals’ pursuit of long-term meaningful goals across settings.

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Expressing Pride: The Effects Skin Tone Has On Perceptions Of Agency, Communality, And Interpersonal Hostility For Black Women, Jessica Aikens May 2018

Expressing Pride: The Effects Skin Tone Has On Perceptions Of Agency, Communality, And Interpersonal Hostility For Black Women, Jessica Aikens

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

This study is a replication and extension of Brosi, Welpe, Sporrle, and Heilman’s (2016) study that investigates the effects skin tone and emotional expression has on ratings of agency, communality, and interpersonal hostility. A picture of an African American female target was manipulated to depict three skin tones (light, brown, and dark) and expressed either pride or happiness. Data were collected from 399 participants via Amazon Mechanical Turk. Although explicit and implicit measures were used, the implicit measures were unreliable therefore, only the explicit measures were analyzed. Results revealed the brown target rated as more agentic and interpersonally hostile when …

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Making Mental Health A Priority On College Campuses: Implementing Large Scale Screening And Follow-Up In A High Enrollment Gateway Course, Flora-Jean M. Forbes May 2018

Making Mental Health A Priority On College Campuses: Implementing Large Scale Screening And Follow-Up In A High Enrollment Gateway Course, Flora-Jean M. Forbes

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Objectives: A universal mental health screening program for undergraduate students was implemented using graduate student clinicians and online interviewing tools. Participants: Participants included 455 undergraduate students at a large Midwestern University enrolled in introductory psychology. Methods: Participants in the experimental group first completed an in-class self-report mental health screening questionnaire. Based on subscale elevations, students scoring in an “at risk” range on any subscale were invited to participate in individual online follow-up interviews to assess risk level and provide referral information. Results: Results demonstrated that a majority of undergraduate students scored in an at-risk range on at least one subscale …

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The Development And Validation Of Implicit Measures Of Emotional Intelligence, Ricardo R. Brooks May 2018

The Development And Validation Of Implicit Measures Of Emotional Intelligence, Ricardo R. Brooks

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Emotional intelligence (EI) has attracted much attention in the decades since Goleman’s (1995) claim that EI is important for success in a wide range of social and professional roles. With this interest has come much debate about whether EI should be defined and measured as a set of abilities or as a set of dispositional self-perceptions. The latter is typically assessed with self-report measures that are susceptible to contamination related to inaccurate self-knowledge and impression management artifacts – problems that may be mitigated by implicit measures. This research used Implicit Association Test (IAT) procedures to develop implicit measures of EI …

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Modeling Memory: Exploring The Relationship Between Word Overlap And Single Word Norms When Predicting Judgments And Recall, Nicholas Pruett Maxwell May 2018

Modeling Memory: Exploring The Relationship Between Word Overlap And Single Word Norms When Predicting Judgments And Recall, Nicholas Pruett Maxwell

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

This study examined the interactive relationship between associative, semantic, and thematic word pair strength when predicating item relatedness judgments and cued-recall performance. In Experiment One, 112 participants were shown word pairs with varied levels of associative, semantic, and thematic overlap (measured with forward strength, cosine, and latent semantic analysis) and were asked to judge how related item pairs were before taking a cued-recall test. Experiment One had four goals. First, the judgment of associative memory task (JAM) was expanded to include three types of judgments. Next, the and interaction between database norms (FSG, COS, and LSA) was for when predicting …

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The Operationalization Of Task Goal Difficulty: An Exploration Of Qualitative And Quantitative Methods, Sidonia Christine Grozav May 2018

The Operationalization Of Task Goal Difficulty: An Exploration Of Qualitative And Quantitative Methods, Sidonia Christine Grozav

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

This study contributed to an understanding of the goal setting process by investigating a variety of ways to evaluate the difficulty of short-term goals, including requested quantitative goals, different methods to rate the difficulty of self-defined goals, and the difficulty perceptions of the goal-setters themselves. To examine the validity of different goal-difficulty assessment strategies, I collected short-term academic goals from 116 freshman college students at the beginning of their first semester in college. I also collected antecedents of goal difficulty, such as prior performance and self-efficacy, and collected academic achievement at the conclusion of that semester. The validity of eight …

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The Effect Of A Mediation-Blocking Task On The Acquisition Of Instructive Feedback Targets, Amelisa Dressel May 2018

The Effect Of A Mediation-Blocking Task On The Acquisition Of Instructive Feedback Targets, Amelisa Dressel

Theses and Dissertations

The inclusion of instructive feedback (IF) targets in discrete trial training (DTT) has been shown to increase the efficiency of DTT procedures. However, the behavioral mechanism underlying the effectiveness of this procedure has not been determined. Researchers have suggested that students self-echo the feedback, which mediates later responding. The present study sought to understand the role of self-echoics in the acquisition of untaught targets. The three experimental conditions were 1) a typical IF procedure, 2) a vocal mediation-blocking procedure, in which the participants were asked to engage in a competing vocal response immediately after the IF was presented, and 3) …

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Physical Therapy Review Of Best Practices Based On Psychology, Bethany Painter May 2018

Physical Therapy Review Of Best Practices Based On Psychology, Bethany Painter

Honors Projects

Physical therapy is a field that is growing and changing constantly. For so long, it was assumed that physical healing should be the sole focus of physical therapy. While this is an important aspect of the rehabilitation process, there is so much more to it than that. The psychological trauma a person may experience following an injury can be just as challenging, if not more challenging to overcome than the physical repercussions of the injury. For this reason, it is important to take psychological healing into consideration, as well as physical healing when creating best practices for physical therapists. The …

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The Greatest Basketball Player Of All Time: Lebron Vs. Jordan, Austin Jacobson May 2018

The Greatest Basketball Player Of All Time: Lebron Vs. Jordan, Austin Jacobson

Senior Honors Theses

LeBron James is one of the greatest athletes of this generation. I am seeking to determine what he needs to do to surpass Michael Jordan as the greatest of all time. Considering individual statistics, team success, and personal achievements as well as factors such as political and racial activism and involvement, media coverage (including social media), and generational difference, I am hoping to show what is left to accomplish for LeBron to reach and surpass Jordan.

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The Presentation Of Postmodern Sexuality In Short Fiction, Allie J. Kapus May 2018

The Presentation Of Postmodern Sexuality In Short Fiction, Allie J. Kapus

Senior Honors Theses

Shifting norms in twentieth century western society, coupled with emerging postmodern thought in the 1960s, radically changed the ways in which people viewed sexuality, gender roles, and the institutions of marriage and the family. The literature of the postmodern era, namely short fiction, also reflects such ideological shifts. Literature is a powerful communicator of the human condition as well as a crucial means for reflecting the customs, beliefs, and norms of a society at the time of its writing. Such evolving differences as were occurring in the realm of sexuality came to be represented in postmodern literature. This thesis aims …

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The Role Of Language In The Media In Influencing Public Perceptions Of Refugees, Alison M. Pulliam May 2018

The Role Of Language In The Media In Influencing Public Perceptions Of Refugees, Alison M. Pulliam

Senior Honors Theses

The refugee crisis has become a worldwide epidemic in recent years. As refugee entrance into host countries is debated, media outlets are covering the issue regularly. These media outlets use various types of language when portraying refugees. Many publications have been found to convey hostile and divisive themes as well as use specific linguistic tools, which contribute to negative portrayals of refugees. Media outlets have the potential to influence public perceptions of refugees because the general public in a host country receives its information primarily from the media. Overt and subtle language used to describe refugees has been previously found …

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Association Between Toxoplasma Gondii Seropositivity And Memory Function In Non-Demented Older Adults, Cynthia Elizabeth Wyman, Shawn D. Gale, Ariana Hedges-Muncy, Lance D. Erickson, Eric Wilson, Dawson W. Hedges May 2018

Association Between Toxoplasma Gondii Seropositivity And Memory Function In Non-Demented Older Adults, Cynthia Elizabeth Wyman, Shawn D. Gale, Ariana Hedges-Muncy, Lance D. Erickson, Eric Wilson, Dawson W. Hedges

Faculty Publications

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) seropositivity may be associated with decreased memory in older adults. To further investigate the association between T. gondii seropositivity and memory in nondemented older adults, we obtained serum samples from 114 non-demented older adults evaluated by the Alzheimer’s Disease and Research Center at Washington University in St. Louis Missouri, USA. We determined T. gondii seropositivity and anti-T. gondii IgG antibody titer and examined associations with memory function while controlling for socioeconomic status, education level, age, and apolipoprotein E4 status. There were few associations between T. gondii seropositivity or anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies and memory, although there …

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Attachment Orientations And Relationship Maintenance In College Friendships, Samuel Chung May 2018

Attachment Orientations And Relationship Maintenance In College Friendships, Samuel Chung

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Friendships are a ready source of social support and have been shown to be important to individuals' well-being, especially among young adults. Evidence suggests that the quality of students' friendships are associated with transition into college life. Students with high friendship quality report less anxiety and depression and also show better academic performance. This suggests that proper maintenance of friendships is important to function well and succeed in college. However, maintenance behaviors in friendships remain largely unexamined. The present thesis examines maintenance behaviors in friendships through an attachment theory perspective.

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Individual Differences In Discounting Delayed Gains, Delayed Losses, And Probabilistic Losses, Yu-Hua Yeh May 2018

Individual Differences In Discounting Delayed Gains, Delayed Losses, And Probabilistic Losses, Yu-Hua Yeh

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Many decisions in one’s daily life involve the discounting of delayed or probabilistic losses: Should we pay off our credit-card balance in full or incur interest; should we buy more collision and liability insurance or risk having to pay more in case of an accident? Despite its importance, however, discounting of losses is understudied, and few studies have focused on individual differences. The current study recruited 407 on-line participants through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk who completed three discounting questionnaires: delayed losses, probabilistic losses, and delayed gains. Magnitude effects were observed with delayed gains (i.e., larger delayed gains were discounted less steeply …

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12 Years Of Paca: A Review Of Trends In Paca Publications, Roni Reiter-Palmon, Pablo P. L. Tinio May 2018

12 Years Of Paca: A Review Of Trends In Paca Publications, Roni Reiter-Palmon, Pablo P. L. Tinio

Psychology Faculty Publications

In this editorial, the editors take an opportunity to summarize and review the journal from its inception and first volume in 2006 to date. In their review, they focused on a number of factors such as number of submissions, number of papers published, keywords used, special issues developed, and journal reach.

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Examining The Relationship Between Genetic Counselors’ Implicit Attitudes To Ward Disability And Their Practice Methods, Helen W. Gould May 2018

Examining The Relationship Between Genetic Counselors’ Implicit Attitudes To Ward Disability And Their Practice Methods, Helen W. Gould

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Genetic counselors serve as a link between the medical community and the disability community as they are regularly the first exposure families have following a new diagnosis in a pregnancy, infant or child. This role requires genetic counselors to be responsible and compassionate when approaching conversations about disability. With a lack of research on how the specific attitudes of genetic counselors toward disability impact clinical practice, we aimed to understand these attitudes, what factors affect implicit attitudes toward disability, and how these attitudes affect counseling. Case scenarios involving disability were used to examine different counseling content preferences within a genetic …

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Young Women's Sexist Beliefs And Internalized Misogyny: Links With Psychosocial And Relational Functioning And Sociopolitical Behavior, Audrianna Dehlin May 2018

Young Women's Sexist Beliefs And Internalized Misogyny: Links With Psychosocial And Relational Functioning And Sociopolitical Behavior, Audrianna Dehlin

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Past literature has examined the impacts of sexism and its correlates. In this study, religious fundamentalism and relationship quality were identified as important factors related to sexist attitudes and internalize d misogyny. Two hundred ten women, ages 18-25, completed a survey including the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, Revised Religious Fundamentalism Scale, Attitudes Toward Women Scale, Internalized Misogyny Scale, and Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Higher religious fundamentalism was associated with lower relationship quality, mediated by internalized misogyny, traditional gender roles, and hostile sexism. While mental health outcomes were also collected, associations proved to be insignificant. The intersection of sexist attitudes and internalized …

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Crowdsourcing Consciousness: You Think, Therefore I Am, Justin M. Campbell May 2018

Crowdsourcing Consciousness: You Think, Therefore I Am, Justin M. Campbell

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

The challenge to understand consciousness is a centuries-old interdisciplinary research program. The search entails fundamental questions about our nature - the desire to understand who we are has been around for nearly as long as experience itself. It is also one of the most important questions we can ask; meaning itself is predicated on having some sort of conscious experiencer for whom something can matter. Given the magnitude and intractability of explaining the paradox of how consciousness can be at once the most obvious thing in the universe, and also the most inaccessible, the endeavor is a tremendous undertaking. Until …

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Response Distortion On Personality Tests In Applicants: Comparing High-Stakes To Low-Stakes Medical Settings, Jeromy Anglim, Stefan Bozic, Jonathon Little, Filip Lievens May 2018

Response Distortion On Personality Tests In Applicants: Comparing High-Stakes To Low-Stakes Medical Settings, Jeromy Anglim, Stefan Bozic, Jonathon Little, Filip Lievens

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The current study examined the degree to which applicants applying for medical internships distort their responses to personality tests and assessed whether this response distortion led to reduced predictive validity. The applicant sample (n = 530) completed the NEO Personality Inventory whilst applying for one of 60 positions as first-year post-graduate medical interns. Predictive validity was assessed using university grades, averaged over the entire medical degree. Applicant responses for the Big Five (i.e., neuroticism, extraversion, openness, conscientiousness, and agreeableness) and 30 facets of personality were compared to a range of normative samples where personality was measured in standard research settings …

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When Secular Universalism Meets Pluralism: Religious Schools And The Politics Of School-Based Management In Hong Kong, Junxi Qian, Lily Kong May 2018

When Secular Universalism Meets Pluralism: Religious Schools And The Politics Of School-Based Management In Hong Kong, Junxi Qian, Lily Kong

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

This article examines the politics of school-based management (SBM) in Hong Kong, with a specific focus on the conflicts between the state and three Christian churches (Catholic, Anglican, and Methodist) running state-funded religious schools. Although the state based its advocacy for SBM on neoliberally driven ideas of participation, transparency, and accountability, religious groups expressed worry about the loss of control over schools as an institution of value transmission anchored in religious beliefs. This article uses the SBM controversy as a case study to advance geographical debates on religious schools and argues that neoliberalism forms a necessary lens through which to …

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Context Counts: The Different Implications Of Weekday And Weekend Video Gaming For Academic Performance In Mathematics, Reading, And Science, Andree Hartanto, Wei Xing Toh, Hwajin Yang May 2018

Context Counts: The Different Implications Of Weekday And Weekend Video Gaming For Academic Performance In Mathematics, Reading, And Science, Andree Hartanto, Wei Xing Toh, Hwajin Yang

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Video gaming has been a source of serious concern for parents and educators, based on the belief that video games disrupt adolescents' academic activities. However, previous studies have been mixed regarding video games’ effects on academic outcomes. We revisited this issue by analyzing data on approximately 30,000 adolescents from three large-scale public datasets. We consistently found that the more adolescents played video games on weekdays, the poorer they performed on standardized assessments of mathematics, reading, and science. In contrast, weekend video gaming was positively associated with academic performance. Our findings suggest that weekday and weekend video gaming may be differentially …

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Effects Of Group-Discussion Integrative Complexity On Intergroup Relations In A Social Dilemma, Guihyun Park, Richard P. Deshon May 2018

Effects Of Group-Discussion Integrative Complexity On Intergroup Relations In A Social Dilemma, Guihyun Park, Richard P. Deshon

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Organizations increasingly rely on team-based work systems-yet intergroup behavior is predisposed toward competition, which can render conflict management in organizations especially difficult. Based on the integrative complexity model of group decision-making and the literature on intergroup social dilemmas, we argue that a lack of quality group discussion (i.e., low integrative complexity) can heighten group members' sense of greed toward and fear of other groups-and, by doing so, increase the likelihood that a group will decide to compete. Accordingly, we propose and evaluate two interventions that target group-discussion dynamics to promote the integrative complexity of group discussion and intergroup cooperation: structured …

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Distinguishing Agent-Relativity From Agent Neutrality, Matthew Hammerton May 2018

Distinguishing Agent-Relativity From Agent Neutrality, Matthew Hammerton

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

The agent-relative/agent-neutral distinction is one of the most important incontemporary moral theory. Yet providing an adequate formal account of it hasproven to be difficult. In this article I defend a new formal account of the distinction,one that avoids various problems faced by other accounts. My account is based on aninfluential account of the distinction developed by McNaughton and Rawling. I arguethat their approach is on the right track but that it succumbs to two seriousobjections. I then show how to formulate a new account that follows the key insightsof McNaughton and Rawling’s approach yet avoids the two objections.

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Stop Calling Those Who Speak Up A Vocal Minority, David Chan May 2018

Stop Calling Those Who Speak Up A Vocal Minority, David Chan

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Improving Operator Situation Awareness By Phasor Measurement Unit (Pmu) Data Visualization, Esa M. Rantanen, Ernest Fokoue, Jacob Haut, Chandini Ramesh, Kathleen Gegner, Thomas Overbye, Komal Shetye May 2018

Improving Operator Situation Awareness By Phasor Measurement Unit (Pmu) Data Visualization, Esa M. Rantanen, Ernest Fokoue, Jacob Haut, Chandini Ramesh, Kathleen Gegner, Thomas Overbye, Komal Shetye

Articles

The application of phasor measurement unit (PMU) data in the power industry is currently an area of intense interest. The key driver for PMU technology is to use the precise time sources provided by Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites to accurately measure the relative voltage and current phase angles at buses across an interconnect at a very high sampling rate. Presenting PMU data to power system operators in a format that is truly useful for them and that affords improved situation awareness (SA) and fast and accurate decision making is a particular challenge to display design. This report describes development …

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Assessing Readiness For Group Therapy In Primary Care: An Initial Survey Exploring Need, Philip Randall May 2018

Assessing Readiness For Group Therapy In Primary Care: An Initial Survey Exploring Need, Philip Randall

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Primary care providers have become the front line of treatment for mental health in the United States. Group interventions have been argued to be an effective way to treat more patients with fewer resources, which could reduce the burden of psychopathology on primary care settings. Group therapy faces many barriers to successful implementation in primary care, including site constraints, provider perceptions, population needs, and recruiting difficulties. A survey was developed to assess primary care providers’ perspectives on these areas and distributed via online survey to practitioners in Appalachia; 28 providers responded. No hypotheses were supported, likely a result of the …

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Quick Screen Of Patients' Numeracy And Document Literacy Skills: The Factor Structure Of The Newest Vital Sign, Yen-Ming Huang, Olayinka O. Shiyanbola, Paul D. Smith, Hsun-Yu Chan May 2018

Quick Screen Of Patients' Numeracy And Document Literacy Skills: The Factor Structure Of The Newest Vital Sign, Yen-Ming Huang, Olayinka O. Shiyanbola, Paul D. Smith, Hsun-Yu Chan

Faculty Publications

The Newest Vital Sign (NVS) is a survey designed to measure general health literacy whereby an interviewer asks six questions related to information printed on a nutritional label from an ice cream container. It enables researchers to evaluate several health literacy dimensions in a short period of time, including document literacy, comprehension, quantitative literacy (numeracy), application, and evaluation. No study has empirically examined which items belong to which latent dimensions of health literacy in the NVS using factor analysis. Identifying the factor structure of the NVS would enable health care providers to choose appropriate intervention strategies to address patients’ health …

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Comparison Of Discrete Trial Teaching And The Verbal Behavior Approach In Early Learners With Autism In A School Setting, Irene Chan May 2018

Comparison Of Discrete Trial Teaching And The Verbal Behavior Approach In Early Learners With Autism In A School Setting, Irene Chan

Theses and Dissertations

There are many different interventions available to individuals with autism, and the benefits of each therapy may vary for each student. Two vastly different treatments are discrete trial teaching (DTT) and the verbal behavior approach (VBA). While both are based in the principles of applied behavior analysis (ABA), VBA relies more on naturalistic teaching opportunities to teach language in context than DTT, which is conducted in structured instructional sessions. The literature supporting DTT is extensive, with many randomized control trial studies to corroborate its effectiveness. Meanwhile, VBA lacks empirical support as a package; though many studies demonstrate the success of …

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