Psychology Commons^™

The Verbal Overshadowing Effect: Influence On Perception

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

The current study aims to observe alterations on perception of attractiveness due to the Verbal Overshadowing Effect (VOE). University students (N=458, 178 males and 280 females) participated in a study where two faces were shown, one male and one female, for 5 seconds. The experimental group verbalized their perception of the face and then immediately rated the attractiveness of the face on a Likert scale ranging from 1-7. It is hypothesized that describing the face will influence the rating of attractiveness, and that gender will also influence perception. Statistical analysis supported the hypothesis and revealed significance in the factor of …

A Successful Simian Summer

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Students of Dr. Higley share their research experience during an internship through the Oregon Health and Sciences University at the National Primate Research Center.

Interview With Dr. James D. Higley

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

Front Matter 4.1

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

Volume 3.1

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

End Matter 3.1

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

Effects Of L.D.S. Doctrine Versus L.D.S. Culture On Self-Esteem

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

It was hypothesized that BYU students would report a comparatively high self esteem when exposed to LDS doctrine and a lower self esteem when exposed to LDS culture. A self report survey on self esteem was administered to three groups of subjects. One group viewed a stimulus representing LDS doctrine, one viewed a stimulus representing LDS culture, and the control group viewed no stimulus. The hypothesis was supported by the results.

The Halo Effect And Religiosity: Are Attractive People Perceived As More Religious?

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

A photograph rating study assessed religiosity perceptions relating to the halo effect. The halo effect is a phenomenon describing the tendency that people have to attribute positive characteristics to those possessing other, unrelated positive characteristics. In the preliminary study, subjects from BYU rated the attractiveness of photographs of college-aged men and women. The primary study used the photographs with the highest and lowest attractiveness ratings. Subjects rated them on a scale of perceived religiosity. As hypothesized, attractive females received higher religiosity ratings then unattractive females. Attractive males received higher religiosity ratings than unattractive males. Attractive females received the highest religiosity …

Ego Depletion: A Contributing Factor Of Hopelessness Depression

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Ego depletion is mental exhaustion from regulation of conflicting internal desires. We hypothesized that this exhaustion would cause a pessimistic outlook on futureevent thinking. Eighty-one university students were given a simple reading task designed to deplete the egos of half the subjects ( experimental group) and have no effect on the other half ( control group). Following the task they were given the Future Events Scale (FES) to assess how positive or negative they viewed their future. Those who were ego-depleted scored lower on the FES (p< .044) than those who weren't. This suggests that ego depletion is part of the causal chain of hopelessness depression, because those with a lower score on the FES have a more hopeless attitude.

How Accents Affect Perception Of Intelligence, Physical Attractiveness, And Trustworthiness Of Middle-Easter-, Latin-American-, British- And Standard-American-English-Accented Speakers

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Accent Prestige theory states that accents are used as cues to judge characteristics of the accented speaker. In this study, four accents were recorded and later played for the participants: Standard-American, Middle-Eastern, Latin-American, and British. Participants filled out a questionnaire rating perceived intelligence, trustworthiness, and physical attractiveness of the recorded accent , as well as a demographics questionnaire. The authors predict the following: Middle-Eastern- and Latin-accented speakers will be rated lower on the three scales than standard-American-accented speakers, and the British-accented speaker will be rated higher. Statistical significance was obtained on physical attractiveness ratings and on intelligence ratings. p<.05. The results do not support accent prestige theory. The authors call for further research to be conducted to discover the real affect of accent on perception.

An Interview With Dr. Edwin E. Gantt

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Dr. Edwin E. Gantt, a BYU Associate Professor of Psychology, is one of the student body's favorite members of the BYU Department of Psychology. He was awarded the Teacher of Honor Award by the Brigham Young University Student Honor Association in 2002. His unique perspective has influenced numerous students to consider psychology from alternative points of view and from within the context of revealed latter-day truths. Dr. Gantt is particularly interested in examining the various (and often problematic) ways in which empathy, altruism and religion have been conceptualized and explained in many of the major schools of contemporary psychology and …

Front Matter 3.1

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

Predicting General Aviation Pilots’ Weather-Related Performance Through A Scenario-Based Assessment, Jessica Cruit, Christina Frederick, Beth Blickensderfer, Joseph Keebler, Thomas Guinn

Publications

Weather-related accidents continue to challenge the general aviation (GA) community and with the development of advanced weather technology, GA pilots need additional education and training on how to effectively use these weather products to ensure flight safety. Currently, the literature on aviation weather suggests that there is a gap in both training and assessment strategy for GA pilots. Furthermore, several studies advocate assessing GA pilots at a deeper level of learning by including weather-based, scenario/application questions on the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) written exam for private pilots. After first developing a scenario-based, aviation weather assessment, we used a multiple regression …

Age Patterns In Risk Taking Across The World, Natasha Duell, Laurence Steinberg, Grace Icenogle, Jason Chein, Nandita Chaudhary, Laura Di Giunta, Kenneth A. Dodge, Kostas A. Fanti, Jennifer E. Lansford, Paul Oburu, Concetta Pastorelli, Ann T. Skinner, Emma Sorbring, Sombat Tapanya, Liliana Maria Uribe Tirado, Liane Peña Alampay, Suha M. Al-Hassan, Hanan M S Takash, Dario Bacchini, Lei Chang

Psychology Department Faculty Publications

Epidemiological data indicate that risk behaviors are among the leading causes of adolescent morbidity and mortality worldwide. Consistent with this, laboratory-based studies of age differences in risk behavior allude to a peak in adolescence, suggesting that adolescents demonstrate a heightened propensity, or inherent inclination, to take risks. Unlike epidemiological reports, studies of risk taking propensity have been limited to Western samples, leaving questions about the extent to which heightened risk taking propensity is an inherent or culturally constructed aspect of adolescence. In the present study, age patterns in risk-taking propensity (using two laboratory tasks: the Stoplight and the BART) and …

Confused Existentialism As A Factor In College Students' Depression

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Although “meaning in life” and “existentialism” may be considered ambiguous in psychology, the former term became a psychological construct with implications for psychological well-being. In young adulthood, the transition to college can be a difficult process because of social pressures incident to the adjustment to adulthood, including the need to establish an adult identity. Consequently, meaning in life may be overlooked in the confusion. I argue that a focus on meaning in life can be beneficial for college students in moderating their short- and long-term perspectives, physical health, and emotional health.

Volume 1

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

End Matter Volume 1

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

Austin, Texas 7 Am

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

The Subject (A Study) + Disclaimer

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

Altruism In The Context Of Door-Courtesy Behaviors Among College Students

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Altruism has been debated as both selfishly and selflessly motivated Though there are many possible illustrations of altruism in daily activities, a simple model to measure altruism is observing door-holding behaviors. This study observes the door-holding behavior patterns of undergraduate college students, assessing the sex differences and the possibility of an altruistic theme within the observed population. A general sex difference was found illustrating that males hold the door more often than females. Implications of the results are discussed

Distinctions Among Terms Used To Describe Emotion And Moods

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

The Actor-Observer Effect As It Pertains To The Brigham Young University Honor Code

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

Religiosity And Gpa At Brigham Young University

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

Does A Community's "Right To Know" Outweigh The Sex Offender's "Right To A Fresh Start"?

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

Front Matter Volume 1

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

Beliefs In Advance Care Planning Among Chinese Americans: Similarities And Differences Between The Younger And Older Generations, Mei Ching Lee, Ha Do Byon, Katherine Hinderer, Carla Alexander

Asian/Pacific Island Nursing Journal

The purpose of this research is to explore behavioral, normative, and control beliefs in the discussion of advance care planning (ACP) among older and younger Chinese Americans. Ethnic minority groups have been identified as less engaged in ACP and this represents an ethnic and cultural gap. Older Chinese American adults often have different beliefs and values compared to the younger generation who are more acculturated to American mainstream culture. These differences may hinder the discussion of ACP with Chinese older adults.

A qualitative design was used. The Theory of Planned Behavior guided the development of the interview guide. We recruited …

Why Do We Care?: A Natural History Of Noddings’ Ethical Theory, Walter Jason Niedermeyer

Between the Species

Noddings’ theory of caring, which is nearing its 35^th anniversary, has failed to garner the attention of the more classical theories of ethics. This slight may be due to its relative youth, or the historical support for other constructs, but if examined through the lens of evolutionary biology, the validity of Noddings might be tested. Using recent discoveries from the emerging fields of cognitive ethology and neuroscience, I have evaluated whether there exists evolutionary underpinnings for her theory. My analysis makes it apparent that the empathy and altruism required for the practice of caring are as much a product …

Addressing Mental Health, Substance Abuse, And Recidivism In The Juvenile Justice System, Danielle N. Gieschen

Theses and Dissertations

Research has shown links between mental health concerns, substance abuse concerns, and recidivism for youth. However, the vast majority of studies have not examined the impact that receiving services or treatment compliance has on this relationship. In this study, mental health concerns, mental health treatment, alcohol and substance abuse concerns, alcohol and substance abuse treatment and recidivism within the juvenile justice system were examined. The electronic and paper probation files and the paper court files for 77 youth were examined to determine the impact that receiving mental health or substance abuse services has on reducing the likelihood of recidivism. Furthermore, …

Mindfulness And Acceptance-Based Trainings For Fostering Self-Care And Reducing Stress In Mental Health Professionals: A Systematic Review, Myriam Rudaz, Michael P. Twohig, Clarissa W. Ong, Michael E. Levin

Psychology Faculty Publications

This review summarizes the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC), and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) to foster self-care and reduce stress in mental health professionals. Twenty-four quantitative articles from PsycInfo and PubMed were identified that focused on mindfulness, self-compassion, psychological flexibility, stress, burnout, or psychological well-being. All MBSR and MBCT studies lacked active control conditions, but some of the ACT studies and one MSC study included an active control. Most studies support evidence that all training programs tend to improve mindfulness and some also self-compassion. In addition, psychological flexibility was measured in …

Self-Stigma And Weight Loss: The Impact Of Fear Of Being Stigmatized, Jason Lillis, J. G. Thomas, Michael E. Levin, R. R. Wing

Psychology Faculty Publications

The current study sought to examine whether two facets of weight self-stigma (fear of enacted stigma and self-devaluation) were associated with weight change and treatment engagement for 188 individuals participating in a 3-month online weight loss program. Fear of enacted stigma predicted less weight loss 3-months later after controlling for demographics, eating problems, and psychological symptoms. Self-devaluation did not predict weight loss. Neither weight self-stigma variable predicted engagement in the online program. These results add to the literature indicating the negative effects of weight self-stigma while highlighting the central role of fear of being stigmatized by others in this process.