Psychology Commons^™

The Search For Meaning Amid Tasks Galore And Race To Be First, David Chan

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

For most, life is a busy pursuit.But it is good every now and then to take the time to reflect on why you dowhat you do.

Saccade Adaptation Deficits In Developmental Dyslexia Suggest Disruption Of Cerebellar-Dependent Learning, Edward G. Freedman, Sophie Molholm, Michael J. Gray, Daniel Belyusar, John J. Foxe

Publications and Research

Background: Estimates of the prevalence of developmental dyslexia in the general population range from 5% to as many as 10%. Symptoms include reading, writing, and language deficits, but the severity and mix of symptoms can vary widely across individuals. In at least some people with dyslexia, the structure and function of the cerebellum may be disordered. Saccadic adaptation requires proper function of the cerebellum and brainstem circuitry and might provide a simple, noninvasive assay for early identification and sub-phenotyping in populations of children who may have dyslexia.

Methods: Children between the ages of 7 and 15 served as participants in …

Intercultural Experience And Creativity, Chi-Ying Cheng, Yi Wen Tan

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Creativity, commonly defined as a production of novel and useful ideas, has long been considered as a type of individual difference that is highly associated with personality traits and intellectual intelligence, which cannot be changed easily. Recently, it has been demonstrated that creativity can occur as a result of cognitive, emotional, and motivational processes that are driven by intercultural experiences, which can be acquired. In line with the creative cognition approach, individuals with direct intercultural experiences exhibit higher individual creativity. Specifically, those who adopt biculturalism as their acculturation strategy and develop a high level of integration between their bicultural identities …

Investigating Habituation To Premonitory Urges In Behavior Therapy For Tic Disorders, David C. Houghton, Matthew R. Capriotti, Lawrence Scahill, Sabine Wilhelm, Alan L. Peterson, John T. Walkup, John Piacentini, Douglas W. Woods

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Behavior therapy is effective for Persistent Tic Disorders (PTDs), but behavioral processes facilitating tic reduction are not well understood. One process, habituation, is thought to create tic reduction through decreases in premonitory urge severity. The current study tested whether premonitory urges decreased in youth with PTDs (N = 126) and adults with PTDs (N = 122) who participated in parallel randomized clinical trials comparing behavior therapy to psychoeducation and supportive therapy (PST). Trends in premonitory urges, tic severity, and treatment outcome were analyzed according to the predictions of a habituation model, whereby urge severity would be expected to …

Pursuing A Common Goal: Measuring The Comfort Level Of Educational Diagnosticians To Manage A Caseload Of Students With Visual Impairments, Jerry Mullins M.Ed., Michael P. Munro M.Ed.

Journal of Human Services: Training, Research, and Practice

This study was conducted to measure the level of comfort and knowledge that educational diagnosticians possess regarding the unique learning needs, assistive technology, special accommodations, agencies, required visual impairment related Individual Educational Plan documents, and special evaluation considerations appropriate for students with a vision loss. Teachers of students with visual impairments were surveyed to gauge their perception of educational diagnosticians’ knowledge of the field of visual impairment and diagnosticians were also surveyed to determine their comfort level in the management of a caseload of students with visual impairments. Research question were based on how TVIs rated the comfort level and …

At The Pillar Of The Proverbial Golden Calf: Sacrificing The Need For ‘Responsible Knowing’ On The Altar Of A Compliance-Based Ethic, Izaak L. Williams

Journal of Human Services: Training, Research, and Practice

Evidence-based practice (EBP) has been promoted and adopted broadly and has led to advances in health and human services. Notwithstanding the underlying rationale of EBP philosophy to diversify the current body of information concerning evidence-based practices, this paper draws attention to critical thinking fallacies that confound non-evidence-based “treatment as usual” practice with actual EBP philosophy. Flawed belief systems about EBP, in tandem with a compliance-based culture, fail to provide structure to the possibility of evidence-based practice philosophy and proper use of EB treatment modalities. Impediments to EBP implementation are created by lack of “responsible knowing” and this results in practitioner …

11.1

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

End Matter 11.1

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Football-Related Concussions On Cognitive Function

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

In literature review, I examine the current research on football-related concussions and their effects on cognitive performance. A concussion is defined as a blow to the head which results in injury to the brain. Concussions are often difficult to diagnose as they do not leave any radiological variation that can be measured via MRI. Concussions were first observed in boxing during the 1920s, but research on concussions has been slow to gain momentum until recently. As empirical research has gained prominence, both short- and long-term effects of concussions have come to light. Significant cognitive effects of concussions include depression, links …

The Importance Of Peer-To-Peer Grooming Among Non-Human Primates

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Among non-human primates, grooming is a common practice. Research has shown that there are many underlying reasons why non-human primates groom. It is not completely altruistic or selfish but is often a resource traded for food, mating access, protection, and other social benefits. It can be used to achieve higher social rank as the bonds formed from grooming help primates climb the social ladder. There are other advantages of grooming, which include increased social bonding, mating access, and offspring support

Toilet Training: The Benefits Of A Passive-Permissive Approach

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Toilet training is a process that every child must go through, but there is often confusion among parents and caregivers about which training method is best to use. Toilet training methods can usually be divided into two categories: systematic control and passive-permissiveness. Systematic control is a method based on operant conditioning and is intended to train children faster. Passive-permissive training is a child-centered approach that focuses on training at children's natural pace. This article is a review of the academic research associated with the two methods, and is a summary of the risks and benefits involved with each. Findings suggest …

Children And Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Developing Role Of Technology In Teaching Communication Skils

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often struggle to learn effective communication skills. Researchers have asserted that the best methods for teaching correct communication skills to these children involve technological tools, such as videos, music, and graphics. Implementing these tools into the public school systems and the homes of children with ASD has been shown to improve their development of communication skills and includes educating teachers and parents about the positive effects that utilizing the tools can bring to the daily lives of children with ASD. When and how to implement these tools may depend on a child's level …

Cultivating Integrity Through Transformational, Servant, And Ethical Leadership

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Today's business world is facing challenges in ethics and moral practice. Though these issues are found among employers and employees of all levels, the leaders of an organization can work to address such issues through leadership styles that emphasize a meaningful employer-employee relationship and honest workplace behavior. The present article discusses the transformational, servant, and ethical leadership styles within the workplace and their effects on employees. Implementing such styles will not only lead to a decrease in unethical workplace behavior, but will also enable individuals to gain a stronger sense of self-identity and integrity. This results in stronger performance for …

Pornography Use In Romantic Relationships

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Despite the increasing attention to pornography as a research topic over the past 20 years, little research has explored the relation between pornography use and both sexual satisfaction and infidelity in a romantic relationship. Research results consistently show that pornography use is positively correlated with infidelity in romantic relationships, but the evidence is mixed for short-term versus long-term sexual satisfaction. Pornography use is positively associated with short-term sexual satisfaction but not necessarily long-term satisfaction. However, studies of self-esteem and delay of gratification indirectly suggest that pornography use has a negative influence on long-term sexual satisfaction.

The Psychological Benefits Of Awe

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Experiencing awe is beneficial to mental health. Benefits of experiencing awe include the decreased severity of typical symptoms of depression, enhanced self-perception of the quality of life, and increased drive to improve one's future. Despite these benefits, the experience of awe is rarely implemented in treatment programs for physical or mental illness. Although it is not assumed that awe alone can "cure" depression or posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD), for example, I suggest that elicited awe should play a greater role in treatment programs.

Perfectionism And Depression In The Development Of Anorexia In Girls

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Many factors can play a role in the development of anorexia, including genes, social issues, extreme dieting, stressful life events, personality traits, and cultural influences. However, many studies have found perfectionism and depression to be strongly correlated with the development of eating disorders. In this literature review I critique published findings and consider the limitations of published research on anorexia. I examine certain factors that play a role in the development of anorexia, as well as the relative strength of each factor, with particular attention to the characteristics of perfectionism and depression and how they interact with each other in …

Iq: Greatly Influenced By Early Family Life

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

For many years, psychologists and researchers have been interested in the nature and nurture debate with regards to IQ. Some have claimed that IQ is something that can be passed on through genetics and is an inherited trait. Others have declared that IQ level is not something passed on through genetics, but rather something determined by experiences one has in his or her life. This review was created to discuss how a child's IQ may be affected by early family life, a factor that requires more attention in the literature. This report will discuss how early child-parent experiences, intimate relationships …

Self-Worth In The Development And Treatment Of Eating Disorders

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Eating Disorders (EDs) involve a consuming drive for thinness. They cause significant physical and psychosocial impairment. A core commonality between EDs is the overvaluation of body weight and shape as a measure of selfworth. The purpose of this paper is to review the importance of self-worth perception in the development and treatment of EDs in women and girls. Women and girls with EDs tend to believe their worth comes from body weight and shape, as opposed to intrinsic sources. Self-worth can interact with other factors such as relationships, body dissatisfaction, and perfectionism in ED development. A major goal of treatment …

Effects Of Media Use On Mental Health Among Adolescents And Emerging Adults

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Media, such as the use of the internet and watching television, allows for quick communication between people, but overexposure to such media is correlated with social anxiety and clinical depression (Becker, Alzahabi, & Hopwood, 2013; Dalbudak et al., 2013; Dittmar, 1994; McNaughton-Cassill, 2001). Media usage is pervasive in our society, especially among adolescents and college students (Dittmar, 1994; Rideout, Foehr, & Roberts, 2010; Romer, Bagdasarov, & More, 2013). Symptoms of these mental illnesses are correlated with all forms of media, and can be influenced by the content of the media as well (Madan, Mrug, & Wright, 2013). Excess use of …

Front Matter 11.1

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

Let’S Know! Proximal Impacts On Prekindergarten Through Grade 3 Students’ Comprehension Related Skills, Hui Jiang, Dawn Davis

Department of Child, Youth, and Family Studies: Faculty Publications

Let’s Know! is a language-focused curriculum supplement developed through the Institute of Education Sciences’ Reading for Understanding initiative aimed at supporting prekindergarten through grade 3 students’ listening and reading comprehension. The current study reports results concerning the impacts of 2 instantiations of Let’s Know! on students’ comprehension-related skills (comprehension monitoring; understanding narrative and expository text, as supported by inference making and knowledge of text structure; and vocabulary) as proximal measures of efficacy. Results from the first cohort of a large, field-based, randomized controlled trial (Np766 students across grades) indicate large, consistent, and statistically significant effects on curriculum aligned comprehension monitoring …

Investigation Of Kosovar, Albanian, Bosnian And Turk Adolescents’ Attitudes Toward Violence, Elmedina Çesko

UBT International Conference

This research investigates the attitudes towards violence of three ethnic groups in Kosovo and adolescents’cultural aspects. The aim of the research is to investigate whether the attitude of violence of Kosovo Albanian, Bosnian and Turk adolescents show a significant difference according to ethnic group and gender. The sample of the research was recorded separately from each ethnic group. From the Albanian ethnic group, a total of 300 adolescents, from the Bosnian ethnic group a total of 200 adolescents, and from the Turkish ethnic group a total of 200 adolescents, in total 700 adolescents participated in the research. For data collection …

Family Cohesion As Important Factor For Attitudes Towards Psychoactive Drugs In Adolescence, Hana Saliu, Myqereme Rusi, Dega Marku

UBT International Conference

Adolescence is a fragile period in which the person passes from the childhood to the adulthood. During this period the adolescent passes through different challenges. Adolescent has to deal with physical, physiological, emotional, cognitive, social and other changes, and during his journey family as a social factor has the most important part, because with their support they help the adolescent to overcome all the difficulties on his way. Because of the function and the importance that family has over the adolescent, in this research we have measured the correlation between family cohesion and the attitudes towards psychoactive drugs, because as …

Understanding An Organization’S Culture Through Its Stories, Chris Cummings, Alex Lavidge

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

Stories shared either publicly or privately within work environments influence schemata that in turn can affect employee performance. These myriad stories may include how a problem was solved, how productivity was increased on a particular task, or in less positive instances whom is to blame for an unmet expectation. Such stories may also serve to illustrate how and why employees find meaning in their work and/or the broader organization and its mission. This presentation will begin by exploring academic research regarding how the culmination of these stories about the past, present, and future predictions can shape both positive and negative …

Creating The Context For Effective Culture Work, Matthew Berberich

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

A culture that embraces change, responds quickly to changing needs and connects everyone at every level as business owners is an exciting future for companies and employees. In this culture leaders learn to unleash the unique potential in each individual to solve problems never solved before. The opportunity for positive impact goes far beyond our daily work. It spills into every area of our lives and in tangible ways impacts the world. Performance metrics and engagement only put you in line for this door to the future. The door can get locked when organizations become lulled into thinking “good-enough” by …

Rape Culture And The Workplace: How Do We Change It?, Alexandra Zelin

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

A recent focal article submitted by Cortina et al. (2017) to the Industrial and Organizational Psychology: Perspectives on Science and Practice journal discusses the need for workplace literature to move away from victim precipitation. Essentially, we as I-O Psychologists need to follow the path of researchers in areas such as criminology and stop placing blame on the victims for being recipients of certain behaviors. The problem with this sentiment is that if we do not measure others’ perceptions of victim behavior in our research we are effectively ignoring the realities of workplace culture, especially when it comes to sexual harassment …

Time After Time: Creating A Culture Of Development By Assessing At Multiple Times, Emilie Seyfang, Sydney L. Reichin, Kali Thompson, Jessie Mcclure, Mark Frame

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

Organizations that promote a culture of learning and development among their employees are more likely to adapt and remain afloat in the turbulent environment in which most business are facing today. This symposium will discuss how assessing employee performance using varied methods and at different times can help to create culture change over time. The symposium will address the implementation of these methods as well as help practitioners to better understand the implications of changing assessment scores form time-one to time-two. The symposium will address the processes and the obstacles involved with using individual assessments to create long term change …

Making It Stick: The Secret To Developing A Data-Driven Culture, Cheryl Nickel, Lorin Farr, Aimee Wood, Shawn Bergman, Christopher J. L. Cunningham

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

Big data and analytics has been recognized as fundamental to an organization’s success has consistently identified as one of top 10 Workforce Trends in recent years. One of the final steps in an analytics or applied research project is deployment where a solution is integrated into business practices. Without cultural acceptance, however, organizations risk missing out on the full impact that data and evidence-based practices can deliver. Even with data and analytics solutions deployed in business procedures, employees may still make decisions based on hunches and instinct. In order to harness the full potential of data analytics, organizations need to …

Are You Really At The Center Of Our Success?: The Effect Of Core Roles On The Relationship Between Individual Performance And Team Performance, Olrica Turnquest

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

With this increase in team usage among organizations, the ability to establish teams that are able to achieve team goals is becoming increasingly important (Cohen & Bailey, 1997). Despite the myriad of factors that could potentially impact the team’s success, there is one factor of interest that will be examined with this study. More specifically, this study will seek to investigate the relationship between individual performance and overall team effectiveness with the “coreness” of the role as a mediator. A research study conducted by Humphrey, Morgeson, & Mannor (2009) is an example of support for the idea that some roles …

Effects Of Communication And Negotiation Training On Women’S Entrance Into The Workforce, Macie E. Mussleman, Alexander T. Jackson, Aneeqa Thiele

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

The purpose of the project is to determine if administering a communication training program to women, with an emphasis on negotiation skills, will influence their starting salaries. More specifically, this project proposes to develop and deliver a communication and negotiation skills training workshop to all of the women in a sorority at a South-Eastern university. The project involves conducting a needs analysis to determine the participant’s current level of communication knowledge and negotiation skills. Once the results of the needs analysis are analyzed, the training program will be formally developed and administered. This study proposes that once women have higher …