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2016

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Articles 661 - 690 of 3702

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Fidelity To The Cognitive Processing Therapy Protocol: Further Evaluation Of Critical Elements, Courtney Chappuis Farmer Aug 2016

Fidelity To The Cognitive Processing Therapy Protocol: Further Evaluation Of Critical Elements, Courtney Chappuis Farmer

Dissertations

Despite advancements in the field of trauma-focused treatment, a close examination of the literature reveals three concerns. First, a significant number of RCT participants either do not respond to treatment or drop out prematurely. Second, despite significant dissemination of evidence-based interventions, fidelity to those interventions beyond trainings is not well understood. And finally, the effectiveness of trauma-focused interventions in the “real-world” community setting remains unclear. Literature suggests that identification of key treatment components could help to address these three concerns. This study focused on one evidence-based treatment in particular, Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), and aimed to extend the current literature …

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The Effect Of Content-Related And Unrelated Break Activities On Test Results, Ryan Gentek Aug 2016

The Effect Of Content-Related And Unrelated Break Activities On Test Results, Ryan Gentek

Theses and Dissertations

Researchers have recently explored using brief breaks to maintain performance during prolonged tasks (Ariga and Lleras, 2011). However, research has yet to fully explore the effect of break activity content on the performance of the primary task. The present study sought to explore the differing effects of two break activities that were respectively similar and different in content to the main task. The present researcher compared past studies of task-switching and interruption studies to theories of the vigilance decrement and hypothesized that a brief similar task should result in significantly different main-task performance than the brief dissimilar task. 20 participating …

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A Trial-By-Trial Window Into Sensorimotor Transformations In The Human Motor Periphery., Chao Gu, Daniel K Wood, Paul L Gribble, Brian D Corneil Aug 2016

A Trial-By-Trial Window Into Sensorimotor Transformations In The Human Motor Periphery., Chao Gu, Daniel K Wood, Paul L Gribble, Brian D Corneil

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

UNLABELLED: The appearance of a novel visual stimulus generates a rapid stimulus-locked response (SLR) in the motor periphery within 100 ms of stimulus onset. Here, we recorded SLRs from an upper limb muscle while humans reached toward (pro-reach) or away (anti-reach) from a visual stimulus. The SLR on anti-reaches encoded the location of the visual stimulus rather than the movement goal. Further, SLR magnitude was attenuated when subjects reached away from rather than toward the visual stimulus. Remarkably, SLR magnitudes also correlated with reaction times on both pro-reaches and anti-reaches, but did so in opposite ways: larger SLRs preceded shorter …

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Understanding Neighborhood Satisfaction For Individuals With Psychiatric Disabilities: A Mixed Methods Study, Amy Leigh Shearer Aug 2016

Understanding Neighborhood Satisfaction For Individuals With Psychiatric Disabilities: A Mixed Methods Study, Amy Leigh Shearer

Dissertations and Theses

Physical and social characteristics of neighborhoods are important to resident satisfaction for clinical and nonclinical populations. This study draws upon data collected from a sample of 172 individuals with psychiatric disabilities living in 16 supportive housing sites in the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area. Research questions explore the extent to which subjective and objective measures of neighborhood physical and social environments contribute to neighborhood satisfaction for this population. Mixed methods were employed to construct a detailed understanding of the factors that influence satisfaction with one's neighborhood of residence. Predictor variables were neighborhood social climate, neighborhood physical quality, perceptions of safety, crime …

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Insects Have Agency But Probably Not Sentience Because They Lack Social Bonding, J. H. Van Hateren Aug 2016

Insects Have Agency But Probably Not Sentience Because They Lack Social Bonding, J. H. Van Hateren

Animal Sentience

Klein & Barron (2016) argue that insects have sentience because of functional similarities between the insect brain and vertebrate midbrain. Based on a recent theory of agency and consciousness, I argue that the functional similarities merely point to an advanced form of agency. Insects presumably lack the capacity for social bonding that may be required for subjective experiencing.

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Young, Successful, And In The Wrong Job?, Singapore Management University Aug 2016

Young, Successful, And In The Wrong Job?, Singapore Management University

Perspectives@SMU

What happens when you land a job that puts you years ahead of your peers but suspect you may have made a career mistake?

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Black Faces In White Spaces: The Influence Of Predominately White Congregations On Black Congregants’ Sense Of Community And Racial Identity, Eunice O. Makinde Aug 2016

Black Faces In White Spaces: The Influence Of Predominately White Congregations On Black Congregants’ Sense Of Community And Racial Identity, Eunice O. Makinde

MA Community Psychology Theses

The purpose of this research is to explore the sense of community Blacks feel within predominately White congregations, and the ways those feelings may be tied to Black congregants’ racial identities. Research has primarily focused on predominately Black churches and the way these institutions affect Black congregants’ sense of community and racial identity. In this paper, the role the church has played in Black lives will be explained and sense of community and racial identity will be defined and discussed. The historical context of the Black church will be used in the evaluation of predominately White churches in order to …

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Research Projects On Sexual Assault, Julie Valentine Aug 2016

Research Projects On Sexual Assault, Julie Valentine

BYU Research Development Office Research Networking Conference

This research will provide critical insights into the factors affecting SAK submission rates and the decision-making processes of law enforcement, informing policy and practice changes to enhance the handling of sexual assault cases.

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Understand Psychiatric And Neurodegenerative Disorders, Derin J. Cobia Aug 2016

Understand Psychiatric And Neurodegenerative Disorders, Derin J. Cobia

BYU Research Development Office Research Networking Conference

This research will contribute to the advancement of neuropsychology and neuroscience by elucidating the neurobiological underpinnings of psychosis and dementia.

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Understanding The Mechanism For Response Selection In Compatibility Tasks: Referential Coding Contrasted With Biological Properties Of The Hands, Nicole M. Murchison Aug 2016

Understanding The Mechanism For Response Selection In Compatibility Tasks: Referential Coding Contrasted With Biological Properties Of The Hands, Nicole M. Murchison

Open Access Dissertations

Several researchers have hypothesized that the hands have unique effects on visual attentional resources and performance in response-selection tasks. This hand-specific processing hypothesis – that biological properties of the hands/palms uniquely affect visual attention and response selection – can be compared to a referential object coding hypothesis – that objects are coded in relation to other salient objects – favored in explanations of many compatibility effects. To test implications of these accounts, and specific effects that the hands (or general referential objects) have on attentional prioritization, I had participants perform three compatibility tasks using the hands or wooden blocks as …

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Regulation Of Romantic Love Feelings: Preconceptions, Strategies, And Feasibility, Sandra J.E. Langeslag, Jan W. Van Strien Aug 2016

Regulation Of Romantic Love Feelings: Preconceptions, Strategies, And Feasibility, Sandra J.E. Langeslag, Jan W. Van Strien

Psychology Faculty Works

Love feelings can be more intense than desired (e.g., after a break-up) or less intense than desired (e.g., in long-term relationships). If only we could control our love feelings! We present the concept of explicit love regulation, which we define as the use of behavioral and cognitive strategies to change the intensity of current feelings of romantic love. We present the first two studies on preconceptions about, strategies for, and the feasibility of love regulation. Questionnaire responses showed that people perceive love feelings as somewhat uncontrollable. Still, in four open questions people reported to use strategies such as cognitive reappraisal, …

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Neural Basis Of Uncertain Cue Processing In Trait Anxiety, Meng Zhang, Chao Ma, Yanyan Luo, Ji Li, Qingwei Li, Yijun Liu, Cody Ding, Jiang Qiu Aug 2016

Neural Basis Of Uncertain Cue Processing In Trait Anxiety, Meng Zhang, Chao Ma, Yanyan Luo, Ji Li, Qingwei Li, Yijun Liu, Cody Ding, Jiang Qiu

Education Sciences and Professional Programs Faculty Works

Individuals with high trait anxiety form a non-clinical group with a predisposition for an anxiety-related bias in emotional and cognitive processing that is considered by some to be a prerequisite for psychiatric disorders. Anxious individuals tend to experience more worry under uncertainty, and processing uncertain information is an important, but often overlooked factor in anxiety. So, we decided to explore the brain correlates of processing uncertain information in individuals with high trait anxiety using the learn-test paradigm. Behaviorally, the percentages on memory test and the likelihood ratios of identifying novel stimuli under uncertainty were similar to the certain fear condition, …

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Why Numerical Symbols Count In The Development Of Mathematical Skills: Evidence From Brain And Behaviour, Rebecca Merkley, Daniel Ansari Aug 2016

Why Numerical Symbols Count In The Development Of Mathematical Skills: Evidence From Brain And Behaviour, Rebecca Merkley, Daniel Ansari

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Numerical skills measured prior to school entry are predictive of mathematics achievement longitudinally. It is therefore important that young children start school with strong mathematical foundations. Here we review evidence from behavior and neuroimaging that highlights numerical symbol knowledge as a key mediator between informal and formal mathematical competencies. We argue that future research should aim to elucidate cognitive and neuronal mechanisms underpinning the acquisition of symbolic knowledge. Furthermore, multiple aspects of numerical symbol knowledge, such as identification, cardinality, and ordinality, should be emphasized in preschool childcare environments

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Rapid Decrement In The Effects Of The Ponzo Display Dissociates Action And Perception., Robert L Whitwell, Gavin Buckingham, James T Enns, Philippe A Chouinard, Melvyn A Goodale Aug 2016

Rapid Decrement In The Effects Of The Ponzo Display Dissociates Action And Perception., Robert L Whitwell, Gavin Buckingham, James T Enns, Philippe A Chouinard, Melvyn A Goodale

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

It has been demonstrated that pictorial illusions have a smaller influence on grasping than they do on perceptual judgments. Yet to date this work has not considered the reduced influence of an illusion as it is measured repeatedly. Here we studied this decrement in the context of a Ponzo illusion to further characterize the dissociation between vision for perception and for action. Participants first manually estimated the lengths of single targets in a Ponzo display with their thumb and index finger, then actually grasped these targets in another series of trials, and then manually estimated the target lengths again in …

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Effects Of Material Properties And Object Orientation On Precision Grip Kinematics., Vivian C Paulun, Karl R Gegenfurtner, Melvyn A Goodale, Roland W Fleming Aug 2016

Effects Of Material Properties And Object Orientation On Precision Grip Kinematics., Vivian C Paulun, Karl R Gegenfurtner, Melvyn A Goodale, Roland W Fleming

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Successfully picking up and handling objects requires taking into account their physical properties (e.g., material) and position relative to the body. Such features are often inferred by sight, but it remains unclear to what extent observers vary their actions depending on the perceived properties. To investigate this, we asked participants to grasp, lift and carry cylinders to a goal location with a precision grip. The cylinders were made of four different materials (Styrofoam, wood, brass and an additional brass cylinder covered with Vaseline) and were presented at six different orientations with respect to the participant (0°, 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, …

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A Longitudinal Investigation Of Predictors Of The Association Between Age 3 And Age 6 Behavioural Inhibition., Victoria C Johnson, Thomas M Olino, Daniel N Klein, Margaret W Dyson, Sara J Bufferd, C Emily Durbin, Lea R Dougherty, Elizabeth P Hayden Aug 2016

A Longitudinal Investigation Of Predictors Of The Association Between Age 3 And Age 6 Behavioural Inhibition., Victoria C Johnson, Thomas M Olino, Daniel N Klein, Margaret W Dyson, Sara J Bufferd, C Emily Durbin, Lea R Dougherty, Elizabeth P Hayden

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Children who exhibit elevated levels of the temperament trait behavioural inhibition (BI) across time may be at greatest risk for anxiety. However, little research has investigated the influence of other temperamental traits, particularly positive emotionality (PE), on the continuity of BI in childhood, nor whether parental overprotection influences associations between early and later child BI. To explore whether PE and overprotection shape associations between early and later BI, this longitudinal study of three-year-olds (

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Communication Intervention For Individuals With Down Syndrome: Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Nicole Neil, Emily A. Jones Aug 2016

Communication Intervention For Individuals With Down Syndrome: Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Nicole Neil, Emily A. Jones

Education Publications

A systematic review was conducted to identify effective intervention strategies for communication in individuals with Down syndrome. We updated and extended previous reviews by examining: (1) participant characteristics; (2) study characteristics; (3) characteristics of effective interventions (e.g., strategies and intensity); (4) whether interventions are tailored to the Down syndrome behavior phenotype; and (5) the effectiveness (i.e., percentage non-overlapping data and Cohen’s d) of interventions. Thirty-seven studies met inclusion criteria. The majority of studies used behaviour analytic strategies and produced moderate gains in communication targets. Few interventions were tailored to the needs of the Down syndrome behaviour phenotype. The results …

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Relationship Quality, Engagement, Hope, Self-Worth, And Health-Risk Behaviors In A Physical Activity-Based Positive Youth Development Program, Shaina Cole Riciputi Aug 2016

Relationship Quality, Engagement, Hope, Self-Worth, And Health-Risk Behaviors In A Physical Activity-Based Positive Youth Development Program, Shaina Cole Riciputi

Open Access Theses

Physical activity-based positive youth development (PYD) programs have the potential to promote positive psychosocial and personal growth (Fraser-Thomas, Côté, & Deacon, 2005) and reduce health risk behaviors in youth (Tebes et al., 2007). Engagement, a motivationally-oriented construct representing the subjective quality of youths’ connection to a program (Skinner, Kindermann, Connell, & Wellborn, 2009), may help promote the positive outcomes associated with PYD participation. Based on competence motivation theory (Harter, 2012), program staff may affect engagement by providing instructional feedback related to program activities, and by fostering the interpersonal climate within the program. This study examined whether youths’ perceptions of their …

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The Neck As A Potential Site For Vestibular Tactile Sensory Substitution, Kelly A. Morrow Aug 2016

The Neck As A Potential Site For Vestibular Tactile Sensory Substitution, Kelly A. Morrow

All NMU Master's Theses

In order to determine if the neck could be used a site for vestibular-to-tactile sensory substitution, two experiments were performed to take an in-depth look of the tactile sensitivity of the neck and how it responds to vibrotactile stimuli. Experiment 1 explored how participants respond to a vibrotactile neck device, the Arraysense, and how well this device conveys information about a single contact point on the participant’s skin. Results showed that determining the exact point of stimulation is difficult for participants, but they can identify the area of stimulation with ease. Additionally, our results showed that the front of the …

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An Eeg Investigation Of A Depressive Self-Schema Related To Levels Of Processing In Individuals With High Depressive Symptomatology, Kellen C. Gandy Aug 2016

An Eeg Investigation Of A Depressive Self-Schema Related To Levels Of Processing In Individuals With High Depressive Symptomatology, Kellen C. Gandy

Psychology Dissertations - Archive

Individuals with high depressive symptomatology have better memory for negative events than positive events. The preferential processing of negative information supports the theory of a depressive self-schema in individuals diagnosed with depression (Beck, 1979). Processing information through a depressive self-schema (or mindset) can perpetuate negative rumination and worsen the symptoms related to depression. Although it is well established that individuals with high depressive symptomatology remember more unpleasant information than positive or neutral information, not as much is known about whether or not these individuals possess a selective bias for processing depression-related unpleasant information (i.e., words such as lonely, sadness, lethargy) …

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The Effects Of Ketamine Exposure On Nmda Receptor Mediated Synaptic Transmission In The Developing Brain - A Mechanistic Study Of Ketamine-Induced Neuroapoptosis, Saurabh Kokane Aug 2016

The Effects Of Ketamine Exposure On Nmda Receptor Mediated Synaptic Transmission In The Developing Brain - A Mechanistic Study Of Ketamine-Induced Neuroapoptosis, Saurabh Kokane

Psychology Theses - Archive

Ketamine is a widely used pediatric anesthetic because of its high potency in pediatric patients. Side-effects produced by ketamine anesthesia in adults are also not seen in children after ketamine use. However, several preclinical studies have shown that prolonged or repeated exposure of neonates to ketamine resulted in widespread death of neurons (neuroapoptosis) in almost all areas of the neonatal brain (Brambrink et al, 2012; Hayashi et al, 2002; Ikonomidou et al, 1999; Scallet et al, 2004; Zou et al, 2009a, b). Increasing evidence shows that this neuroapoptosis affects prenatal and neonatal brain adversely, specifically in brain areas involved in …

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A Cultural Consensus Analysis Of Type Ii Diabetes And Hypertension, Hollie Beth Pellosmaa Aug 2016

A Cultural Consensus Analysis Of Type Ii Diabetes And Hypertension, Hollie Beth Pellosmaa

Psychology Dissertations - Archive

There has been a dearth of information that explains group beliefs about chronic diseases. The overall aim of this study was to use both qualitative and quantitative methods to understand consensus in illness beliefs among diabetic and hypertensive patients. The cultural consensus and common-sense model of self-regulation were used to provide a theoretical framework for the findings. Older diabetic and hypertensive adults recruited from the community took part in a semi-structured interview and answered questionnaires. Results indicated that all participants shared a single cultural belief regarding these chronic illnesses. Contrary to expectations, there were no differences in cohesive beliefs between …

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Neurobiological Correlates Of Stress And The Pathophysiology Of Depression: Associations Among Social Victimization, Il-6, Crp, And Bdnf Val66met, Allyson Antoinette Arana Aug 2016

Neurobiological Correlates Of Stress And The Pathophysiology Of Depression: Associations Among Social Victimization, Il-6, Crp, And Bdnf Val66met, Allyson Antoinette Arana

Psychology Dissertations - Archive

Peer victimization, a common psychosocial stressor in adolescence, is linked to adverse health outcomes ranging from depression to changes in biological functioning. Social victimization is particularly harmful given the importance placed on peer relations and social status during this developmental period. This dissertation evaluated the associations among social victimization, physical health, psychological health, the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism, and inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6 and CRP) in a diverse sample of adolescents (N = 254). Social victimization was related to depressive symptoms, health problems, and inflammation, partially replicating a previous study. BDNF Val66Met moderated the link between social victimization and health outcomes, such …

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Attendance And Restorative Practices, Annie W. Scott Aug 2016

Attendance And Restorative Practices, Annie W. Scott

MA Community Psychology Theses

Attendance and Restorative Practices examines the attendance and discipline policies of Portland Public Schools (PPS) as a means to understand the discipline gap. The lead investigator is a former PPS employee that worked directly with chronically absent and truant students. The hypothesis of the study is that there is a link between students with high incidents of school exclusions and those who have chronic attendance issues. The School Refusal Assessment Scale by Kearney (2002) is used to evaluate the function school refusal has for individual students, and in this study aggregated as a whole for three targeted middle schools within …

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The Influence Of Race, Economics, Neighborhood, And School Category On The Severity Of Adhd Symptoms, Angel Linh Nguyen Aug 2016

The Influence Of Race, Economics, Neighborhood, And School Category On The Severity Of Adhd Symptoms, Angel Linh Nguyen

MA Community Psychology Theses

An ordinal regression method was used to model the relationship between the ordinal outcome variable, an ADHD index created for the purpose of this research, and the predictor variables of Race, Economics, Neighborhood Rating, and School Category/Type. A secondary data analysis of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) and Child Development Supplement (CDS) was used in this study. The final sample consisted of 1,169 elementary, middle, and high school children ages 9-18. Six analyses were conducted to determine the best fit model for the data: a combined model with all the predictor variables, one for each individual predictor variable, …

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Perceptions Of Well-Being In Nonmetropolitan Nebraska: 2016 Nebraska Rural Poll Results, Rebecca Vogt, Cheryl Burkhart-Kriesel, Randolph Cantrell, Brad Lubben, Larry J. Mcelravy Jr. Aug 2016

Perceptions Of Well-Being In Nonmetropolitan Nebraska: 2016 Nebraska Rural Poll Results, Rebecca Vogt, Cheryl Burkhart-Kriesel, Randolph Cantrell, Brad Lubben, Larry J. Mcelravy Jr.

Publications from the Center for Applied Rural Innovation (CARI)

Certain indicators have pointed to overall economic growth in Nebraska. The state’s unemployment rate has remained among the lowest in the nation and wages have increased. However, net farm income continued to decline last year and employment growth in the state has been largely concentrated in the metropolitan counties. Given the challenges and uncertainties of recent years, how do rural Nebraskans believe they are doing and how do they view their future? How satisfied are they with various items that influence their well-being? Have these views changed over the past 21 years? This paper provides a detailed analysis of these …

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Emotion Regulation During Threat: Parsing The Time Course And Consequences Of Safety Signal Processing, Kathryn R. Hefner, Edelyn Verona, John J. Curtin Aug 2016

Emotion Regulation During Threat: Parsing The Time Course And Consequences Of Safety Signal Processing, Kathryn R. Hefner, Edelyn Verona, John J. Curtin

Psychology Faculty Publications

Improved understanding of fear inhibition processes can inform the etiology and treatment of anxiety disorders. Safety signals can reduce fear to threat, but precise mechanisms remain unclear. Safety signals may acquire attentional salience and affective properties (e.g., relief) independent of the threat; alternatively, safety signals may only hold affective value in the presence of simultaneous threat. To clarify such mechanisms, an experimental paradigm assessed independent processing of threat and safety cues. Participants viewed a series of red and green words from two semantic categories. Shocks were administered following red words (cue+). No shocks followed green words (cue‐). Words from one …

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Relational Science, Timothy B. Smith Aug 2016

Relational Science, Timothy B. Smith

BYU Research Development Office Research Networking Conference

This research will advance the field of relational science by developing models and tools that enable autonomous agents to understand and navigate complex relational environments. By integrating DNNs with hierarchical Bayesian models, the research will enhance the agents' ability to handle uncertainty and relational data effectively.

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Perceived Emotional Invalidation In A Developmental Context: Does Gender Matter?, Brian B. Johnson Aug 2016

Perceived Emotional Invalidation In A Developmental Context: Does Gender Matter?, Brian B. Johnson

USC Aiken Psychology Theses

Emotional invalidation is the dismissal, minimization, or punishment of an individual’s emotional experience (Linehan, 1993). Although it has been sparsely studied, the research that has been conducted indicates that it is likely implicated in a multitude of psychopathology and adjustment issues. The current study had three main objectives. The first of these was to investigate the current perceptions of emotional invalidation in a peer interaction for emerging adults and how that is predicted by gender, perceptions of childhood emotional invalidation via caregivers, and gender of the caregivers. The second objective of this study was to investigate the propagation of emotionally …

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Acceptance And Commitment Therapy For Adolescent Difficulties With Emotion Regulation: An Open Trial, Julissa A. Duenas Aug 2016

Acceptance And Commitment Therapy For Adolescent Difficulties With Emotion Regulation: An Open Trial, Julissa A. Duenas

Dissertations

Research suggests that youth rates of mental health problems are high and that evidence-based treatments for these populations exist; however, there is a significant problem in accessibility of mental health services. Recent movements in the mental health field have shifted focus to transdiagnostic dimensions of behavior in attempt to target a broader range of psychological difficulties across larger populations. One such construct, emotion regulation, has been defined as an ability to have awareness and acceptance of emotions and control urges and impulses in order to behave towards a goal. Emotion regulation has been linked to numerous internalizing and externalizing behavioral …

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