Psychology Commons^™

Development Of Empathy, Nicholas Birch

A with Honors Projects

The research of this project will revolve around how empathy develops in younger children and teenagers. The final product is a pamphlet discussing the benefits of empathy and suggest means of fostering it. The pamphlet will be directed towards the teachers, mentors, parents and anyone who works with children. The goal of the product is to help increase knowledge of how to support the development of empathy.

Addressing The Suicide Rate In South Korea, Hye Tae Kim

A with Honors Projects

South Korea has one of the highest suicide rate among all the OECD countries as its three-year average of suicide rate is 31.97 per 100,000 persons. This paper re-identified the suicide rate in South Korea using the OECD database. After the procedure, hypotheses were used to find the certain socio-economic factors that correlate with the rate. Previously published studies and South Korean government databases were analyzed to find the correlations between possible socio-economic factors and changes in suicide rate to check the hypothesis. Certain hypotheses proved true and there were certain socio-economic factors that showed significant correlation with the change …

Behavior Speak: Does Use Of Behavior Jargon Affect Teacher Acceptability Of Positive Behavior Interventions?, Katie Shemanski

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

The purpose of the present study was to examine acceptability and usage among elementary school (kindergarten through sixth grade) teachers of a positive behavioral intervention described in jargon terms and in nonjargon terms during the process of behavioral consultation, as measured by the Usage Rating Profile – Intervention Revised (URP–IR). Specifically, the study evaluated whether elementary school teachers’ acceptability and usage ratings differed on a positive behavioral intervention described in jargon versus nonjargon terms. In addition, this study assessed whether differences in acceptability and usage existed when considering type of classroom (i.e., general education, special education, or specialized [e.g., art, …

Relationship Satisfaction And Family Functioning: Mothers Of Children With Lqts Versus A Control Group, Karen Gentis

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

Long QT syndrome is a condition that occurs as a result of a disturbance in the electrical function of the heart, and is a chronic illness that carries a high risk of sudden death. It is estimated that close to 1 in 2,000 individuals in the general population will be diagnosed with LQTS. Given the potential lethality of LQTS, and the numerous restrictions and life changes that individuals diagnosed with LQTS and their families must make, it is surprising that few studies have been conducted to evaluate psychosocial needs of people who have LQTS. Research has examined how children diagnosed …

The Use Of Cognitive Behavior Group Therapy To Reduce Maladaptive Perfectionism And Improve Cognitive Flexibility In Anxious Latino Youth, Jeremy Tyler Ms

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

Cognitive behavior group therapy (CBGT) is an empirically supported treatment for anxiety disorders in adolescents. However, research on anxiety and related constructs is lacking within a Latino population of adolescents. Not all adolescents receiving CBGT for anxiety show clinically significant improvements, thus research is needed to identify treatment outcome predictors. Maladaptive perfectionism, including those that are selforiented and socially prescribed, and cognitive flexibility are two constructs that may be related to anxiety from a cognitive perspective. Maladaptive perfectionism and cognitive flexibility deficits have been consistently linked to a host of psychiatric problems in adults and adolescents. The purpose of this …

The Relationship Between Problem-Solving Ability/Eating Motivation And Perceived Quality Of Life In Individuals Diagnosed With Celiac Disease, Vincenzo Zaccheo

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

Celiac disease (CD) is a digestive disorder resulting from gluten intolerance that leads to damage of the small intestine. The only current available treatment for CD involves adherence to a strict gluten-free diet. Due to the restrictive nature of this treatment diet, and the increasing prevalence of CD in recent years, much research has been conducted examining factors that impact the quality of life (QOL) of individuals with CD. However, there has been a dearth of literature identifying those factors which can be modified within a treatment setting. Thus, a need for further research in this area was identified. Through …

Examination Of Adherence, The Quality Of The Physician/Patient Relationship, And Illness-Related Beliefs Among Adults With Long Qt Syndrome, Maggie Monk

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) is a cardiac arrhythmia disorder that affects 1 in 2,000 individuals and is a precursor to various cardiac events, including sudden cardiac arrest (Schwartz et al., 2016). As a precaution, individuals with all types of LQTS have been advised to modify their lifestyles to avoid triggers, including limiting physical activity (PA). Nonadherence to treatment recommendations could result in devastating outcomes. The purpose of the study was to explore characteristics pertaining to adherence and nonadherence to PA recommendations, including the quality of the physician/patient relationship and illness beliefs among adults with LQTS. An Internet survey was completed …

Factors Affecting Athlete Adherence After Disqualificaiton From Competitive Sports, Aaron Myers

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

The purpose of the current study is to examine the relationship between athletic identity, social problem-solving ability, cognitive distortions, depression, and locus of control in predicting adherence to medical advice after athletes have been instructed to stop participating in sports for a cardiac condition. The measures included the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS), the Social Problem-Solving Inventory, Revised, Short Form (SPSI-R:S), the Inventory of Cognitive Distortions (ICD), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scale, Form C (MHLC-C), an adherence measure, and demographic questionnaire. Results revealed significant findings. The internal locus of control, social problem-solving ability, …

The Role Of Social Dominance Orientation And Patriotism In The Evaluation Of Minority And Female Leaders, Crystal L. Hoyt, Stefanie Simon

Psychology Faculty Publications

This research broadens our understanding of racial and gender bias in leader evaluations by merging implicit leadership theory and social dominance perspectives. Across two experimental studies (291 participants), we tested the prediction that bias in leader evaluations stemming from White and masculine leader standards depends on the extent to which people favor hierarchical group relationships (SDO) and their level of patriotism. Employing the Goldberg paradigm, participants read identical leadership speeches attributed to either a woman or a man described as either a minority (Black or Latino/a) or a majority (White) group member. Results show SDO negatively predicted evaluations of minority …

The Effects Of Sceletium Tortuosum In The Chick Anxiety-Depression Model, Emily Mae Fountain

Honors Theses

Sceletium tortuosum (S. tortuosum), known colloquially as Kanna, is a natural botanical that is thought to reduce anxiety, elevate mood, and produce euphoria. This study explores S. tortuosum's properties in the chick anxiety-depression model, a pre-clinical drug efficacy screening model that shares many features to clinical stress-related disorders and has high predictive validity. Socially-raised male Silver Laced Wyandotte chicks age 4-6 days were given intraperitoneal injections of either a vehicle, imipramine, or S. tortuosum fraction (10, 20, 30, 50, 75, or 100mg/kg) 15 minutes prior to being placed in a stress-inducing isolation chamber for 60 minutes and distress vocalizations were …

Extroversion And Media Richness: An Analysis Of Media Preferences Of High Extroverts Within Sales Organizations, Donna M. Dudek

Communication & Leadership Dissertations and Theses

Personality traits and vocational acumen have been the source of research in recent years. Using personality measures such as the Five Factor model, researchers have sought to find common traits which may predict success in critical organizational roles. Communication needs and desires, including media richness choices, have also been the subject of past research. The purpose of this thesis is to tie these two themes together. Using a survey instrument containing both a personality inventory and a questionnaire examining media preferences in different scenarios, the author gathered data from sales professionals, client service professionals, and managers to evaluate similarities and …

Living With Hiv: A Potential Source Of Trauma In Children And Adolescents, Kaitlyn P. Ahlers

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Due to advances in medical treatment for HIV/AIDS, individuals infected with HIV are living longer. HIV is now considered a chronic illness, and there has been limited research into the mental health problems that can arise from living with HIV, particularly among children and adolescents. Past research has demonstrated that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can result from experiences related to chronic illness. Importantly, HIV could affect children and adolescents in a distinct way when compared to any other incurable, chronic illness. The present study examined the mental health issues faced by children and adolescents who are infected with HIV as …

Exploring Barriers To The Generalization Of Social Skills Interventions For Children Diagnosed With Asd: A Qualitative Analysis Of ‘Youth Engagement Through Intervention’, Zachary Shindorf

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Many children who are diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have difficulty with social skills and maintaining friendships. In turn, many social skills interventions have been developed to aid in the treatment of children diagnosed with ASD. Children with ASD, however, have difficulty generalizing the skills learned in social skills interventions to more natural settings like the home and school. This study, therefore, explored the barriers to the generalization of a social skills intervention, Youth Engagement Through Intervention (YETI) for children with ASD. Barriers to the generalization of YETI were explored through the qualitative examination of parents’ acceptability of the …

The Relationship Of Supervision Variables To Counseling Self-Efficacy And Outcome Expectations Among Practicing Psychologists, Gunther L. Schwartz

Dissertations

Purpose of the Study

The primary purpose of this study was to examine whether Psychologists who receive supervision have greater Counseling Self-efficacy and greater Counseling Outcome Expectancy than Psychologists who do not receive supervision. The secondary purpose was to assess the demographic and personal variables that are associated with Counseling Self-efficacy and Counseling Outcome Expectancy, as well as the supervisor factors associated with Counseling Self-efficacy and Counseling Outcome Expectancy.

Method

The Counselor Self-Estimate Inventory (COSE), Counseling Outcome Expectancies Scale (COES) and the Supervision Descriptive Questionnaire (SDQ) were administered to 341 Michigan psychologists who either received supervision (n = 254) or …

Anthropomorphic Denial Of Fish Pain, Lynne U. Sneddon, Matthew C. Leach

Animal Sentience

Key (2016) affirms that we do not know how the fish brain processes pain but denies — because fish lack a human-like cortex — that fish can feel pain. He affirms that birds, like fish, have a singly-laminated cortex and that the structure of the bird brain is quite different from that of the human brain, yet he does not deny that birds can feel pain. In this commentary we describe how Key cites studies that substantiate mammalian pain but discounts the same kind of data as evidence of fish pain. We suggest that Key's interpretations are illogical, do not …

Front Matter

Modern Psychological Studies

No abstract provided.

Behaviors Of A Captive Coenobita Clypeatus In The Presence Of Varying Light Stimuli, Larry D. Fort, Ingrid K. Tulloch

Modern Psychological Studies

Coenobita clypeatus, or the purple pincher, is a terrestrial hermit crab and common pet in the United States. Modern behavioral studies have waned since the early 2000s; we therefore sought to characterize the behavior of a single captive C. clypeatus under varying light conditions. Frequency and duration of behaviors were studied in the presence of different light stimuli, along with weight monitoring. The crab was recorded for a set period of time every night with all conditions standardized except for light. The light stimulus alternated between no light, blue light, and red light. The case study revealed a significant increase …

Stimulants For Enhancement Purposes: Perceptions Attitudes, Usage Among University Students, Cara M. Karter, Lorenzo A. Washington, Anthony J. Ludlam

Modern Psychological Studies

Objective: Determine perceptions, attitudes, and usage of non medical prescription stimulants among students at a Midwestern technology focused university. Participants: 241 university students. Methods: Data was collected in March 2015 through an anonymous web survey. A logistic regression model evaluated predictors. T-test was used to evaluate differences between groups. Results: 9.5% had used prescription stimulants without a valid prescription. Primary motives were academic preparation (78%) and recreation (61%). Nicotine use (OR = 8.99, CI 2.40, 33.77, p < .01), peer's suggestion (OR = 6.95, C12.21, 21.84, p < .01), and positive attitudes toward use (OR = 1.99, CI 1.06, 3.72, p < .05) increased odds of nonmedical use. Users and non-users differed in estimations of nonmedical use within peers (t (239) = 3.17, p < .01) and in their field (t (239) = 3.22, p < .01). Conclusions: Administrators should acknowledge student use and develop strategies to address it.

The Age Of Racial Profiling In The Context Of Terrorism, Amanda L. Smith, Susan E. Mason

Modern Psychological Studies

Racial profiling refers to the law enforcement practice of using only race or ethnicity as probable cause to search or arrest an individual. The public has found racial profiling to be unjustified in the context of common crime, but tends to support the practice in the context of terrorism. The current study uses an explicit judgment survey to examine the expression of prejudice and factors that influence stereotyping. The study found that participants aged 18 to 24, and those who identified with a political party, were the participants most likely to racially profile individuals with stereotypical Middle-Eastern features to be …

The Role Of Empathy In Hindsight Bias, Malindi Jeri Gowen

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Hindsight bias has been operationally defined as "…the tendency for people with outcome knowledge (hindsight) to believe falsely that they would have predicted the reported outcome of an event" (Hawkins and Hastie, 1990, pg. 311). The role of empathy in hindsight bias has not received systematic attention. Previous research has shown that giving participants prevention information increased hindsight bias (Kubany, 2005). Thus, the current study hypothesized that hindsight participants placed in empathic situations should show greater probability judgments for the outcome than hindsight participants in no empathic conditions, and both should be greater than participants in foresight conditions. Participants were …

Call For Proposals For I-O Graduate Program Rankings, Nicholas P. Salter, Joseph A. Allen, Allison S. Gabriel, David Sowinski, Loren J. Naidoo

Psychology Faculty Publications

Are you part of an I-O graduate program that is truly excellent, but the typical ranking systems do not necessarily show that? Would you like to help I-O psychologists (current as well as those who will be entering our field in the future) develop a better understanding of the different strengths of various graduate programs? We are issuing a Call for Proposals for rankings of I-O graduate programs. This is an excellent opportunity for graduate programs to highlight the ways in which they excel, and for individual SIOP members to help contribute to our field.

In this Call for Proposals, …

I-O Graduate Program Rankings: Update, Nicholas P. Salter, Joseph A. Allen, Allison S. Gabriel, Loren J. Naidoo, David Sowinski

Psychology Faculty Publications

In the summer 2016 issue of TIP (Salter et al., 2016), we put out a Call for Proposals for updated I-O graduate program rankings. In this call, we were looking for new and unique methodologies for ranking I-O graduate programs that reflect the diversity of values and strengths across our field. We are pleased to announce we have conditionally accepted five proposals. Each of these teams will now conduct their project (which we hope all SIOP members will help with once data collection begins); we anticipate the final rankings will be published in the summer 2018 issue of TIP. …

Übernehmen Sie Die Kontrolle! Gutes Besprechungsmanagement Fängt Mit Der Einberufung Eines Meetings An, Joseph A. Allen, Martin J. Eppler

Psychology Faculty Publications

Arbeitsbesprechungen zu hassen, ist à la mode. Der US-amerikanische Sitzungsforscher Joseph A. Allen von der University of Nebraska rät allerdings, auch den nächsten Schritt zu gehen und die Dinge konsequent in die Hand zu nehmen. Ein Gespräch über die Frage, wie man eine Sitzung auf Kurs hält.

Solidifying Segregation Or Promoting Diversity? School Closure And Rezoning In An Urban District, Thomas J. Shields

Jepson School of Leadership Studies articles, book chapters and other publications

Purpose: Layered with myriad considerations, school closure and rezoning processes in urban school systems are politically fraught with the potential for damaging consequences. This article explores the politics and impacts of a closure and rezoning process in Richmond, Virginia, through the lens of themes applicable to urban school systems and students across the nation. These include the intersection of closure and rezoning with growing White reinvestment in urban school systems, as well as the importance of focusing on diversity and equity during a time of intense pressure to close schools.

Research Methods/Approach: Drawing on the case of Richmond, Virginia, we …

Athletic Identity And Emotional Regulation In Adolescents, Kellye Kohn

Masters Theses

The ability to regulate emotion is necessary for adolescents to cope with everyday stressors and major life events. Sports participation has been linked positively to the ability to cope and regulate emotion. Athletic identity is a concept that has been linked to anxiety, burnout and lower academic performance; its relationship to emotion regulation had not yet been researched. This paper reviews the literature on athletic identity, sports participation, coping ability and emotional regulation. The current study examines the link between sports participation and athletic identity in youth and their ability to cope with stress and regulate their emotions. One hundred …

Stress As A Moderator Of Visual Perception: Do Elevated Stress Levels Interfere With Visual Cognition?, Ashley Ebersole

Masters Theses

Stress is an unavoidable aspect of human life, and despite a large body of research on stress, the relationship between chronic or traumatic stress and cognition is not yet fully explained. One component lacking research is visual attention, an area of visual cognition which is an essential part of our ability to interact with the world around us. This is especially true in the context of trauma and stress related disorders, and having a better understanding of how traumatic stress impacts attention and perception can inform psychotherapy for these issues. The current study aims to conceptualize how stressors impact the …

Collective Impact Versus Collaboration: Sides Of The Same Coin Or Different Phenomenon?, Kelly Prange, Joseph A. Allen, Roni Reiter-Palmon

Psychology Faculty Publications

Collective impact is a recently developed concept and approach to solving social problems that rectifies many of the issues associated with isolated impact. We compared collective impact and the formal definition of collaboration and made integrations between the two concepts. Specifically, we explored effective assessment and facilitation methods and applied them to collective impact initiatives in order to facilitate more purposeful implementation of collective impact. We concluded that collective impact is a specific form of collaboration.

The Effects Of The Caterpillar Game On Classroom Behavior And Teacher Stress, Amber Jacoby

Masters Theses

A single-case, multiple baseline design was utilized to evaluate the effects of the Caterpillar Game, a classroom management system, on disruptive student behavior, teacher praise, and teacher stress. Three classrooms were included in the study (preschool, kindergarten, and second grade). When the Caterpillar Game was implemented across the three classrooms, student disruptive behavior decreased and teacher behavior-specific praise increased. Disruptive behavior and teacher praise results remained similar to intervention two to four weeks later and teachers reported being highly satisfied with the Caterpillar Game. One of the three teachers reported a decrease in stress. This study adds further support to …

Examination Of Externalizing Behaviors Within General Education, At-Risk, And Special Education Preschool-Aged Classrooms, Rebecca A. Rader

Masters Theses

This study examined the natural occurrence of externalizing behaviors within six preschool classrooms (two general education classrooms, two at-risk classrooms, and two special education classrooms). Approximately 100 direct observation minutes were collected in each of the six classrooms to obtain measures of student off-task and disruptive behavior. No significant off-task differences were found across the three classroom types. However, a significant difference in disruptive behavior was found between special education and general education classrooms and also between special education and at-risk classrooms. The most commonly observed disruptive behaviors across all six classrooms were talking out, being out of area, and …

Examining The Effect Of Caffeine And Technology On Adolescent Sleep, Kaci D. Clark

Masters Theses

The current study expands upon existing sleep research by assessing adolescent caffeine consumption and technology use around bedtime and group differences in caffeine consumption and technology use in regard to sleep onset time, duration and quality, as well as symptoms of delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS). Participants, ranging in age from 13 to 18 years, were recruited from two Midwestern high schools and one junior high school. Online survey software was used to capture adolescents' self-reported caffeine consumption, technology use, and sleep. Adolescents who drank more caffeine did not spend significantly more time using technology at night, nor did they …