Psychology Commons^™

Tolerance For Ambiguity As A Potential Barrier To Intercultural Interactions, Randall E. Osborne, Paul Kriese

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Online teaching brings both unique challenges and opportunities to students and faculty (e.g, Prensky, 2009). Some of these challenges and opportunities are in the area of perceptions of online teaching itself (e.g, Osborne, Kriese, Tobey and Johnson, 2009a), some involve unrealistic expectations or lack of appropriate preparation on the part of students (e.g, Clark, 2010) and others involve the match between faculty teaching styles, student learning styles and digital instruction (e.g, Chen, Kinshuk, Wei & Liu, 2010; Sheng-Wen, Yu-Ruei, Gwo-Jen & Nian-Shing, 2011). These challenges might present particular difficulties when the goal is …

Who Is Friends With Whom? Patterns Of Inter- And Intraethnic Friendships Of Mainstream And Immigrant Early Adolescents In Germany, Maja K. Schachner, Fons J. R. Van De Vijver, Alaina Brenick, Peter Noack

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Multiethnic schools provide opportunities for interethnic contact and the development of positive interethnic relations. Yet, some children develop such relations more easily than others. In the present study, we were interested in patterns of inter- and intraethnic friendships and the relative likeability of certain ethnic groups in ethnically heterogeneous schools. The sample comprised 842 early adolescents (M_age = 11.50 years, SD_age = .71; 53% male) from 64 countries of origin who attend multiethnic schools in Southwest Germany. In line with our expectations, interethnic friendships are to a large extent formed on the basis of cultural distance, with more …

Reasons For The Deteriorating Relationship Between The Local People Of Mumbai And The Bihari Migrants, Jyoti Verma

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

The paper deals with the ‘reasons’ behind the deteriorating relationship between the Bihari migrants and the local people of Mumbai from a larger project on the topic. The main sample comprised of 307 people (152 Bihari migrants and 155 local people of Mumbai). Additionally, 50 respondents participated into 8 focus group discussions and 17 were interviewed. Both the qualitative and quantitative methods were used for data collection. Two similar, but not identical versions of the main questionnaire were developed, one for each group whose Part III addressed the ‘reasons’ issue. Qualitative data were generated with the help of an open-ended …

The Effects Of Courtship And Pairing Behavior On The Nonapeptide And Noradrenergic Systems Of Adult Male And Female Zebra Finches, Erin Lowrey Ondercin

Wayne State University Dissertations

Social relationships are complex and likely involve the multiple neural circuits, including those involved in learning, memory, motivation, and attention. Two neurotransmitter pathways highly involved in these neural circuits are norepinephrine (NE) and the nonapeptides, vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT). There is extensive research implicating a role for the nonapeptides in trust, sociality, parental care, and romantic relationships. There is little direct evidence for the role of nonapeptides in monogamous relationships in any species other than the prairie vole (Goodson 2013). However, there is evidence that nonapeptides are important in pair bonding for both male and female zebra finches (Lowrey …

Developmental Aspects Of Self-Regulation In Germany And Chile: Links Among Maternal Warmth, Children’S Self-Regulation, And Social Competence, Mirjam Weis, Gisela Trommsdorff, Tobias Heikamp, Jesus Redondo, Lorena Muñoz

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

The present study investigated relations among maternal warmth, children’s self-regulation (i.e., behavior and emotion regulation), and prosocial behavior. The assumed relations were studied in Germany and Chile, two socialization contexts differing in socio-economic and cultural factors. The sample consisted of 76 German and 167 Chilean fourth graders, their mothers, and teachers. Maternal warmth was rated by mothers with the Parenting Practice Questionnaire (PPQ). Children reported the use of emotion regulation strategies on the Questionnaire for the Measurement of Stress and Coping in Children and Adolescents (SSKJ 3-8). Mothers’ and teachers’ ratings on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were used …

Polish Baby Boom In United Kingdom – Emotional Determinants Of Medical Care Perception By Pregnant Poles In Uk, Maria Kazmierczak, Agnieszka Nowak, Beata Pastwa-Wojciechowska, Robin Goodwin

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

In the year of 2004 United Kingdom experienced the wave of immigration from Poland which was recently admitted to the European Union. In 2010 Poland was one of three countries of origin of non-UK born mothers, and the increase in birth rates among Poles in United Kingdom has started in 2005 (Office for National Statistics, 2010; Hayes et al., 2011). The aim of this paper is to examine the perception of various components of medical care received during the course of pregnancy by Polish women residing in the United Kingdom (N = 106). We took under consideration two aspects …

Money Attitudes Among Iranians: A Test Of Yamauchi And Templer’S Money Attitudes Scale, Amirreza Talaei, Catherine T. Kwantes

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

The factor structure of Yamauchi and Templer’s (1982) attitudes toward money scale was explored in Iran. While some items loaded on the same factors as found in western contexts, some unique factors were also found, reflecting particular cultural and economic impacts on money attitudes in Iran. Both etic and emic factors emerged. Saving was the only factor that emerged with the original scale items found in western cultures. Two of the original Anxiety items loaded onto a single factor, labelled Bargain-Conscious consistent with a small number of previous studies. Some of the Anxiety and Distrust items together loaded on the …

Do Individual-Level Value Preferences Impact Country-Level Social Cohesion? An Exploratory Multi-Level Analysis Based On Ess Data, Mandy Boehnke, Klaus Boehnke

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

This chapter links macro-level social cohesion to individual value preferences. It explores the predictive, concomitant, and consequential character of cohesion in relation to individual value preferences. Is it that prior cohesion predicts later value preferences? Or is it that certain earlier value preferences impact later social cohesion? Or is there, if at all, only contemporaneous covariation? To answer these research questions, ESS values data from rounds 1-4 (2002, 2004, 2006, and 2008 waves) were separately linked with country-level social cohesion scores from (1) a prior time period, (2) the same time period, and (3) a later time period [e.g., ESS …

Suicide And Culture: Exploring Country-Level Relations Between Suicide Rates And Dimensions Of Cultural Variability, Miriam J. Schwarzenthal, Taciano L. Milfont

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Suicide rates vary considerably between nations. This observation suggests that sociocultural characteristics of nations might play an important role in explaining suicidal behavior. In this study we examined country-level associations between suicide rates and dimensions of cultural variability while adjusting for gross domestic product per capita. While some characteristics of modern culture such as intellectual autonomy and secular-rational values were associated with higher suicide rates, characteristics of postmodern societies such as self-expression values and egalitarian commitment were associated with lower suicide rates. Exploratory analyses also showed meaningful associations between suicide rates and other measures of cultural variability such as societal …

Depression And Help Seeking In The Sri Lankan-Australian And Anglo-Australian Community: A Qualitative Exploration-Preliminary Findings, Josefine Antoniades, Bianca Brijnath

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

This study compared cultural variances in the understanding of depression, help seeking and management strategies between Anglo-Australians and Sri Lankan immigrants with depression, one of the fastest growing immigrant communities in Australia. From 2012-2104 Sri Lankan (n=18) and Anglo-Australians (n=30) participants living with depression took part in semi-structured interviews. Participant eligibility was verified by significant levels of depression on the DSM IV and K10. Sri Lankans and Anglo-Australians expressed overlap in the experience in symptoms, yet differences in beliefs related to the etiology of depression; in general, Sri Lankan migrants attributed depressive symptoms to ongoing social problems whereas Anglos-Australians generally …

Effectiveness Of Group Interventions For Depressed Iranian Migrants In Austria, Atefeh Fathi, Walter Renner, Barbara Juen

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Effectiveness of Group based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy was investigated in a sample of 23 Iranian migrants living in Austria for an average 14 years and suffering from Major Depressive Disorder. The participants were randomized to: (1) individual CBT, (2) group based CBT and (3) wait-list control groups. Although the results showed a significant decrease in depression symptoms, no significant group differences were observed. The findings from this study suggest that the effectiveness of group based CBT may be influenced by Iranian socio-cultural characteristics.

Intercultural Competences And Self-Identity As Key Factors To Adaptation, Carmen Carmona, Karen I. Van Der Zee, Jan Pieter Van Oudenhoven, Nerea Hernaiz-Agreda

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Students increasingly cross borders to study in a foreign country and live a full experience abroad. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship among intercultural personality, self-identity orientation, and outcomes of cultural adaptation among international students. According to the multicultural personality questionnaire, five key dimensions lead to intercultural adaptation success: cultural empathy, open-mindedness, emotional stability, social initiative, and flexibility. In addition, another relevant factor is that individuals frame situations differently depending on how they construe or represent themselves in a specific context. Thus, we consider three related identity orientations (i.e., personal, relational, and collective identity) …

(De)Constructing Multiculturalism: A Discourse Analysis Of Immigration And Refugee System In Canadian Media, Kim H. Chuong, Saba Safdat

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

A succession of policy changes to the immigration and refugee system has been made in Canada in recent years by the Conservative federal government. Since most people’s understandings about immigration issues come from exposure to the news, the media have an important role in producing and reproducing prevalent public opinions to support and legitimize, or criticize, social and political actions. The present study examines how the immigration and refugee policy changes have been represented in mainstream print media and provides an important interface between recent political decision-making and society with regard to immigration issues. In our analysis, we demonstrate that …

How Does Income Inequality Get Under The Skin? The Mediating Role Of Perceived Age Discrimination In The Inequality- Health Nexus For Older And Younger People, Christin-Melanie Vauclair, Sibila Marques, Maria Luísa Lima, Dominic Abrams, Hannah Swift, Christopher Bratt

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

The relative income hypothesis predicts poorer health in societies with greater income inequality, yet the psychological mechanisms that explain this association are not clear to date. This study tests the hypothesis that perceived age discrimination acts as a mediator in the inequality-health nexus for people who categorize themselves as old. It is expected that the detrimental mediating effect of perceived age discrimination does not occur for those who categorize themselves as young, since their low status is only temporary until they move to the higher status middle-aged group. A cross-sectional multilevel analysis of the 2008/09 European Social Survey (ESS, Round …

The Experience Of Skilled Migrant Women In Switzerland: Challenges For Social And Professional Integration, Juliana Nunes-Reichel, Marie Santiago-Delefosse

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Recent studies on migrants’ social and professional integration in Switzerland indicate that migrant women are the most vulnerable group. Researches highlight the “deskilling power” of migration but tend to focus on a descriptive level, without considering the influence of context and the heterogeneity of migrants’ experiences. This qualitative study aims to investigate the meaning of migration and integration process from participants’ point of view: their challenges, strategies and the impact of the migration experience on self-image. Semi-structured interviews (n = 30) were conducted with two groups of skilled migrant women: group one are skilled women who migrated through the invitation …

Representing Human Cultural And Biological Diversity In Neuropsychiatry: Why And How, Daina Crafa, Saskia K. Nagel

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Over the past decade, findings from cultural neuroscience have demonstrated that functional neural processes vary significantly across populations. These findings add a new dimension to the well-established literature describing cultural differences in human behavior. Although these findings are informative for understanding complex relationships between social and neurobiological processes, they also have significant implications for psychiatric research. Neuropsychiatry already co-considers the relationship between brain and social world; however, its research findings notoriously underrepresent diverse cultural, ethnic, and gender groups. Considering that psychiatric patients across cultures exhibit different behavioral presentations and symptom distributions, they may exhibit equally different functional neural processes as …

Why Babies Do Not Feel Pain, Or: How Structure-Derived Functional Interpretations Can Go Wrong, Helmut Segner

Animal Sentience

The response to pain involves a non-conscious, reflexive action and a conscious perception. According to Key (2016), consciousness — and thus pain perception — depends on a neuronal correlate that has a “unique neural architecture” as realized in the human cortex. On the basis of the “bioengineering principle that structure determines function,” Key (2016) concludes that animal species such as fish, which lack the requisite cortex-like neuroanatomical structure, are unable to feel pain. This commentary argues that the relationship between brain structure and brain function is less straightforward than suggested in Key’s target article.

Music And Memory: A Qualitative Look At How Music Affects Episodic Memory, Jonathan A. Coad

Honors Undergraduate Theses

This study was designed to examine qualitative data regarding gender and age differences about significant life events that are recalled when music is remembered. Two groups of participants were recruited, younger adults (M = 19.78, SD = 4.99) and older adults (M = 49.31, SD = 8.72). Data were collected by creating a survey and allowing participants to choose whichever songs, from their own experience, they like and asking them to list detailed memories that are attached to the song. Using the Linguistic Inquiry Word Count (2015) software, data was coded into categories of word count, positive and negative emotions, …

Free To Be Accountable: Extended Self As A Moderator Of Cheating Among Those Primed With Determinism, Vincent M. Iula

Honors Undergraduate Theses

The idea that free will may be an illusion has been a source of great concern. It has led to suggestions that it may be wise to avoid public discussion of this topic lest it lead to a general moral decay. This concern has seemingly been supported by research demonstrating that individuals, when primed with the notion they lack free will, tend to cheat more and prefer less retributive punishment. The current research suggests that these effects can be moderated by the introduction of a second prime. In experiment one, participants believed they were being tested on note-taking and the …

Perception Of Facial Expressions In Social Anxiety And Gaze Anxiety, Aaron Necaise

Honors Undergraduate Theses

This study explored the relationship between gaze anxiety and the perception of facial expressions. The literature suggests that individuals experiencing Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) might have a fear of making direct eye contact, and that these individuals also demonstrate a hypervigilance towards the eye region. It was thought that this increased anxiety concerning eye contact might be related to the tendency of socially anxious individuals to mislabel emotion in the faces of onlookers. A better understanding of the cognitive biases common to SAD could lead to more efficient intervention and assessment methods. In the present study, the Depression Anxiety Stress …

An Examination Of Individual Differences In The Context Of Performance On A Feedback V. No Feedback Vigilance Task, Jenny A. Walker

Honors Undergraduate Theses

When a task is boring, repetitive, and takes place over a long period of time, individuals have a propensity to experience a gradual decline in performance known as the vigilance decrement (Mackworth, 1948). This negative trend is consistent across most populations (Davies & Parasuraman, 1982), though slight variations can occur based on the characteristics of the task, as well as characteristics of the human performing it. However, despite the many differences between these tasks, most studies are similar in the sense that, more often than not, participants are provided with immediate feedback on their performance throughout most laboratory trials. Yet, …

Meditations On The Machine, Stephanie Schapowal

AUCTUS: The Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Scholarship

I've been thinking a lot lately about the machine. In my last project the machine took on many different roles, many of which were very human. I recently found myself explaining to someone my empathy for machines and their personalities, and how they shouldn’t necessarily be struggled against or eliminated, but rather embraced. This made me realize my connection to machines is deeper than previously realized, and I wondered–

Can this role reversal work in the other direction? Can I become a machine?

By definition, what is the machine?

Body Image Perception: Adolescent Boys And Avatar Depiction In Video Games, Usha Raman

AUCTUS: The Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Scholarship

Research on mass media’s impact on body image has mostly been focused on females thus far. Of the little research that has been done on male body image, most of it has been focused on adult males, and therefore the effect of mass media on adolescent boys’ body image is still a relatively primitive field of knowledge. Through comparing the exposure of adolescent boys to muscular avatars in popular video games, a source of mass media that a majority of adolescent boys are exposed to, and relating it to research done on the effects of frequent ideal image exposure through …

The Relationship Between Cumulative Unfair Treatment And Intima Media Thickness And Adventitial Diameter: The Moderating Role Of Race In The Study Of Women’S Health Across The Nation, Laurel M. Peterson, Karen A. Matthews, Carol A. Derby, Joyce T. Bromberger, Rebecca C. Thurston

Psychology Faculty Research and Scholarship

Objective: Unfair treatment may have a detrimental effect on cardiovascular health. However, little research on chronic health outcomes employs cumulative measures of unfair treatment. We tested whether cumulative unfair treatment was associated with greater subclinical cardiovascular disease in a diverse sample of African American, Caucasian, Chinese, and Hispanic women. We also examined whether this relationship varied by race. Method: The Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation is a longitudinal study of midlife women. Cumulative unfair treatment was calculated as the average of unfair treatment assessed over 10 years at 6 time points. Subclinical cardiovascular disease, specifically carotid intima media …

Differential Effects Of Mineralocorticoid And Angiotensin Ii On Incentive And Mesolimbic Activity, Laura A. Grafe, Loretta M. Flanagan-Cato

Psychology Faculty Research and Scholarship

The controls of thirst and sodium appetite are mediated in part by the hormones aldosterone and angiotensin II (AngII). The present study examined the behavioral and neural mechanisms of altered effort-value in animals treated with systemic mineralocorticoids, intracerebroventricular AngII, or both. First,rats treated with mineralocorticoid and AngII were tested in the progressive ratio operant task. The willingness to work for sodium versus waterdepended on hormonal treatment. In particular, rats treated with both mineralocorticoid and AngII preferentially worked for access to sodium versus water compared with rats given only one of these hormones. Second, components of the mesolimbic dopamine pathway were …

Clinician Mindfulness Practice And The Implications For Burnout Mitigation: Mindfulness As A Values Component Of Self-Care, Stephanie Wachter

Counselor Education Theses

Over 40 years after Freudenberger (1975) introduced the term, burnout remains a critical concern among mental health clinicians. Many researchers in recent decades have focused their attention upon burnout prevention, exploring the practices of clinicians, and proposing the possible factors at-play in counselor, therapist, and social workers’ resiliency in the face of vicarious trauma, and other burnout factors. Mindfulness is a growing area of interest in this course of study, with yoga, meditation, and visualizations as some of the exercises associated with the practice and its apparent benefits. This qualitative study examined mindfulness as a component of mental health clinician …

Sociocultural And Language Differences In Performance On The Trail Making Test, Ondrej Bezdicek, Ladislav Motak, David J. Schretlen, Marek Preiss, Bradley N. Axelrod, Tomas Nikolai, Javier Pena, Natalia Ojeda, Evzen Ruzicka

Archives of Assessment Psychology

The aim of this study was to test whether a Czech version of the Trail Making Test (TMT) normative data yield scores that approximate those based on English (North American) and Spanish normative samples. In all samples, TMT Parts A and B were administered according to the guidelines. Completion times for healthy adults from the Czech Republic (n = 422, Bezdicek et al., 2012), the United States (n = 325, Schretlen et al., 2008) and Spain (n = 348, Ojeda, Pena, unpublished data), stratified for age and education, were compared. Czechs took less time to complete TMT-B than English and …

A Developmental Contextualism Perspective On Young Children's Friendships: How Much Do Parental Characteristics, Parental Behaviors, Child Characteristics Matter?, Nicholas Ryan Bergeron

Wayne State University Dissertations

The present study investigated the relationships between parents' proximal factors: strategies used to manage and facilitate children's peer relationships, knowledge of children's playmates and close friends, and endorsement of these strategies; and parents' distal factors: parenting stress, social support network, and personality, and children's quality of peer relationships. It also investigated the relationships between child age, gender, child temperament, and children's peer relationships and children's prosocial behavior. Parents' strategies used and endorsement of those strategies were unrelated to children's peer problems and prosocial behavior, but their knowledge of children's peer relationships was negatively related to children's peer problems. Parenting stress …

Performance Validity Assessment Of Bona Fide And Malingered Traumatic Brain Injury Using Novel Eye-Tracking Systems, Jesse Ryan Bashem

Wayne State University Dissertations

Purposeful presentation of neurocognitive impairment (i.e., dissimulation) in assessment of brain injury is a primary pitfall to accurate psychological assessment, especially among individuals seeking compensation. Current methods used to evaluate effort test failure (EFT; Webb et al., 2012) and dissimulation in brain injury assessment has advanced over the past few decades, but remains unacceptably inaccurate. In diagnostic decision-making, current methods identify obvious cases of purposefully poor performance, but they are considerably less accurate in subtle cases typically seen clinically; more important, they are vulnerable to coaching. Oculomotor behavior during visual tasks may be a promising avenue in the assessment of …

Fear Of Alzheimer's Disease And Its Role In Memory Monitoring And Control, Annalise Marie Rahman

Wayne State University Dissertations

Introduction: Fear of Alzheimer’s disease (FAD), or Anticipatory Dementia, is a healthy adult’s misinterpretation of everyday memory failures as indicators of developing dementia. The current study investigated the construct of FAD and aimed to contextualize FAD within the Health Belief Model through development of a new scale, the Anticipatory Dementia Index (ADI). The study also assessed the relationship between FAD and metacognitive monitoring and metacognitive control.

Methods: 94 cognitively-intact community-dwelling older adults with and without a history of family history of AD completed questionnaires regarding their subjective memory complaints, state and trait anxiety, depression, and multiple measures of FAD, including …