Psychology Commons^™

Outgroup Attitudes As A Function Of East Asian Religiousness: Marked By High Or Low Prejudice?, Magali Clobert, Vassilis Saroglou, Kwang-Kuo Hwang, Wen-Li Soong

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Research on religion and prejudice has mostly been limited to Western Christian participants and beliefs. Evidence, overall, favors the idea of a religion-prejudice link. Does this also hold for East Asian religions, usually perceived as tolerant, and cultures, characterized by holistic thinking and tolerance of contradictions? We review here four recent studies and provide meta-analytic estimation of the East Asian interreligious prejudice. East Asian religiosity was associated with low explicit prejudice against religious outgroups in general (Study 1; adults from Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan) and three specific religious outgroups, i.e. Christians, Jews, and Muslims, but not atheists (Study …

Values And Migration Motives In Three Ethnic Groups In Indonesia, Ihsana Sabriani Borualogo, Fons J. R. Van De Vijver

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Indonesia has 1340 ethnic groups. This study focused on three large ethnic groups, which are Bataknese, Minangnese and Sundanese. There were 712 participants in this study, aged 20-23 years. There is a different orientation on migration (within Indonesia) in those three ethnic groups. Bataknese mainly migrate for study. Minangnese mainly migrate for work and trading. Sundanese do not have a strong orientation toward migration, although members migrate for study or work. The aim of this study is to understand the value system of these three ethnic groups as measured by Schwartz’s PVQ-40 in correlation to migration attitudes. Migration attitudes were …

Predictors Of Support For Democratic Reform: Role Of Intergroup Friendship, Perception Of Discrimination And Identification, Büşra Tanrıverdi, Ayşe Radife Divleli, Elif Çelebi

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

In Turkey, recent debate is whether to include the word “Kurd” in the constitution or to replace the word “Turk” with “Turkiyeli” (who holds Turkish citizenship). These changes symbolically challenge the close correspondence between Turkish ethnicity and nationality. Granting some rights to the Kurdish minority, including recognition of their ethno-political identity in the constitution, is critical for democratic reforms and sustainable reconciliation following the peace agreement in March 2013. The question is “How much of the Turkish population supports these constitutional changes?” Research has proposed that having relationship with out-group individuals positively influences an individual’s perceptions of others. Therefore, the …

Pathways From Childhood Abuse To Positive Adapation: The Moderating Roles Of Social Support And Coping Style, Sarah Elizabeth Cleary

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Studies show that up to 50% of children worldwide are affected by physical, emotional, sexual abuse and/or neglect. While these traumatic events can have profound consequences on development across the lifespan, it is important to note that approximately 20-30% of childhood abuse survivors do not report negative impacts. One explanation for this difference in outcomes is the concept of resilience, defined as successful adaptation in spite of the experience of high-risk trauma. Many studies have been conducted to delineate factors fostering resilience. Some researchers argue that individuals' ability to achieve resilience is a direct result of the environment, while others …

Validity And Reliability Of The Aydin-Flow Coping With Stress Scale (Afcss) On Multiple Samples In The United States, Kâmile Bahar Aydın, Eric Sandarg

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

The Aydin-Flow Coping with Stress Scale (AFCSS) based on flow theory was developed on United States college students and consists of multiple samples (N=203). The scale contains five subscales: Self-Assurance, Removal of Obstacles, Setting New Goals, Focus on the World/Active Contact with the Social Environment, and Unselfconscious/Unselfish, according to the previous study in the exploratory factor analysis. The model was reproduced well in a confirmatory factor analysis. Trait anxiety (STAI-T) was related to coping dimensions. Unselfconscious was related to Escape, Distancing, Self Control, Positive Reappraisal, Confronting, Accepting Responsibility, Seeking Social Support, and Planful Problem Solving of Ways of Coping Questionnaire-Revised. …

Exploring Lawyer Misconduct: An Examination Of The Self-Regulation Process, Nicole Leeper Piquero, Michele Bisaccia Meitl, Eve M. Brank, Jennifer L. Woolard, Lonn Lanza-Kaduce, Alex R. Piquero

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Although white-collar professionals are often held in high esteem, sometimes persons in privileged positions engage in misconduct. Unfortunately, very little is known about the correlates associated with professional misconduct and even less is known about the sanctioning process among lawyers who are licensed by state bar associations and therefore subject to the bar rules regulating their professional conduct. We examine 213 complaints filed in one fiscal year with the Florida Bar alleging attorney misconduct and evaluate the factors that influence whether the complaint continued through or was discarded at each stage of the self-regulated grievance process. Using selection models that …

Parents And Teachers’ Perceptions And Clinical Diagnosis Of Autism Among White And Non-White Groups, Margaret Gopaul

Walden Faculty and Staff Publications

The pervasiveness of autism has significantly increased over the past 2 decades with the 2014 Center for Disease Control and Prevention report indicating 1 in 68 children are diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Early intervention is recommended as the most effective treatment approach. Nevertheless, previous research has indicated that White children are diagnosed with ASD about 1.5 years earlier than are Non-White children. A current gap remains in literature regarding ASD and different racial groups, and evidence has been inconclusive regarding disparities in identifying and diagnosing ASD. To fill this gap, this study investigated the relationship between child race, …

Systematic Replication Of The Effects Of A Supplementary, Technology-Assisted, Storybook Intervention For Preschool Children With Weak Vocabulary And Comprehension Skills, Charles Greenwood, Judith Carta, Elizabeth Kelley, Gabriela Guerrero, Na Kong, Jane Atwater, Howard Goldstein

Educator Preparation & Leadership Faculty Works

In 2013, Spencer, Goldstein, Sherman, et al. reported the promising effects of a supplemental, technology-assisted, storybook intervention (Tier 2) containing embedded instruction targeting the oral language learning of preschool children at risk for delays. We sought to advance knowledge of the intervention by replicating it in a new sample and examining children's responses to the narrator's instructional prompts and associations with learning outcomes. Results indicated that children were highly successful in responding with the narrator's task-management prompts (i.e., "turn the page"), particularly after the first book. Children were much less proficient in correctly responding to the narrator's word-teaching prompts (i.e., …

The Relationship Between Circadian Dysfunction And Cognitive Impairment In Individuals With Parkinson's Disease, Andrew Leonard

Undergraduate Review

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a brain disorder associated with a variety of motor (e.g., rigidity, tremor) and nonmotor (e.g., cognitive impairment, sleep dysfunction) symptoms. Recent evidence suggests that PD patients may also have dysfunctional circadian rhythms: oscillators responsible for many behavioral and physiological functions (e.g., sleep-wake cycle, cognitive performance). No study to date has measured both circadian rhythms and cognitive functioning in the same group of PD patients. This was the aim of the current project. The archival data set included 34 PD patients and 12 normal control participants (NC) matched by age and education. Cognition was measured through a …

The Role Of Self-Disclosure In Buffering Negative Feelings Within Adolescent Friendships, Nicholaas David W. Smith, Mandy B. Medvin

Modern Psychological Studies

Friendship serves a variety of functions throughout development and can buffer the effects of negative experiences through self-disclosure, the communication of emotions. Participants were 140 adolescents (51% male, M =12.95 years old) that completed surveys examining the buffering of negative life events, global self-worth, and relationships with their best friend in a correlational design. It was hypothesized that buffered feelings from negative experiences would mediate the relationship between self-disclosure and global self-worth, particularly for girls. Findings indicated levels of self-disclosure and buffered feelings from negative experiences were not associated with increased global self-worth. Gender differences were found between ratings of …

Application Of The Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (Sisri-24) Among Hong Kong University Students, Arita W. Y. Chan, Angela F. Y. Siu

International Journal of Transpersonal Studies

The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI-24). Two hundred thirteen undergraduate students in Hong Kong completed the Chinese SISRI-24, the Meaning of Life Questionnaire, the Metapersonal Self-Construal Scale, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale to allow examination of internal reliability and construct validity. Confirmatory factor analysis was also performed to examine whether the model of King and DeCicco (2009) fit our data. Our results indicated that the full scale of the Chinese SISRI-24 and its four subscales had acceptable internal reliability. The results also showed …

Letter In Response To Editor’S Introduction, “Nonduality: Not One, Not Two, But Many”, Judith Blackstone

International Journal of Transpersonal Studies

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Interethnic Similarity Of Anger Suppression-Aggression Association In Conflicts In Intimate And Non-Intimate Relationships Across Ethnic Groups In The Netherlands, Snežana Stupar-Rutenfrans, Johnny R. J. Fontaine, Fons J. R. Van De Vijver

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

This study examined associations between emotional suppression, anger, and aggression in intimate (parent and friend) and non-intimate (boss and shop assistant) conflicts in a vignette study conducted among immigrants and majority group members in the Netherlands. The sample consisted of 456 Dutch majority group members, 445 immigrants from non-Western, and 477 immigrants from Western countries. Path analyses showed that anger fully mediated the emotion suppression-aggression relationship in a similar way across groups and conflicts with a parent, boss, and shop assistant (only in a conflict situation with a boss, emotional suppression and anger were both directly related to aggression). As …

A Comparative Study Of Jajonshim And Self-Esteem, Shinhwa Suh, Min Han, Joane Adeclas

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

The Korean dictionary of psychology terms includes the word jajonshim, which means “self-esteem.” However, the meaning of jajonshim as Koreans use it is different from the meaning of self-esteem. Thus, we perform two studies to clarify the concept of jajonshim and to demonstrate how it differs from self-esteem. The purpose of Study 1 is to determine the socio-cultural meanings of jajonshim by examining its shared social representation in Korean culture. We ask open-ended questions and conduct a literature review related to jajonshim. The results of the text analysis show that Koreans perceive jajonshim as something that a person …

Can The Children Of Immigrant Mothers Have Levels Of Health And Achievement As High As Those Of Children Of Mothers In The Host Population? Longitudinal Data From Australia, Julie Robinson

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

The high levels of immigration currently experienced by many Western counties have seen the development and wellbeing of the children of immigrants become an important research issue. However, findings about the developmental trajectories and outcomes for children of immigrants are highly inconsistent. In addition, identifying the factors that predict these outcomes has been hampered by the widespread confounding of parents’ immigration status with other predictors (e.g., mothers’ education, and fluency in the language of the host country). Immigration to Australia offers a context in which the influence of some of these variables can be untangled. Most recent immigrants are highly …

Social Identity Complexity Theory: Attitudes Towards Diversity And Its Relationship With Nationalism, Religiosity, And Aggression, Dharshika Sabanathan, Jac Brown, Siraje Sekamanya, Michael Hough, Jeanna Sutton

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

In this study we tested social identity complexity theory (Roccas & Brewer, 2002) in relation to attitudes towards diversity and the associated variables of nationalism, religiosity, and aggression in a cross-cultural study of 397 Malaysian and 240 Australian students. Australians reported higher positive attitudes towards diversity than Malaysians. Diversity was positively associated with nationalism, religiosity, and aggression in Malaysians. Traditional nationalism was negatively associated with diversity in Australians. These results support social identity complexity theory and partially support associated predictions for Australian, while contradicting predictions for Malaysians.

Acculturation Strategies Of Young Immigrants Living In Belgium: The View Of Young Belgian Nationals, Stephanie Barros Coimbra, Isabelle Albert, Dieter Ferring, Assaad Azzi

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

In contemporary society, migration has become a key topic. According to Berry (1997), individuals might display different attitudes and behaviors in the process of acculturation, defined as cultural and psychological changes resulting from the direct contact among members of multiple cultures. Whereas most research has concentrated on the acculturation strategies of immigrants, the aim of this study is to focus on the preferences of members of the receiving society. In particular, we analyze which strategy young Belgians consider the most suitable for immigrants to adopt, using a sample of Belgian students between the ages of 18 and 29 years living …

Culture In Psychology: Then And Now, Patricia M. Greenfield

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

My “then” is the first IACCP (International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology) meeting in Hong Kong, 1972, which I attended. I take the “now” mainly from the 2014 IACCP meeting in Reims and a little from our 2013 IACCP regional meeting in Los Angeles. In general, I will speak of changes that have been very important and positive for the field. IACCP has both driven and responded to these changes.

Multi-Factorial Measure Of Parenting And Children’S Psychological Disorders: A Cross-Cultural Study, Marwan Dwairy

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

The association between parenting and child’s psychological states has been studied mainly according to Baumrind’s model of authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive parenting styles or according to Rohner’s acceptance- rejection theory. This study, in contrast, rests on the assumption that since parenting is a complex and dynamic process, it is better studied in terms of parenting profiles comprising several factors than via one or two parenting factors. We administered a questionnaire measuring seven parenting factors that cover various styles of acceptance and control to 975 male and female adolescents together with a scale of psychological states. Our results show that the …

Revised Sources Of Guidance Measures: Six Events And Demographic Controls, Mark F. Peterson, Taís S. Barreto, Peter B. Smith

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

In this paper, we update the country-level scores of sources of guidance reported in Peterson and Smith (2008) across 61 countries and based on 7,982 respondents. These scores represent aggregate tendencies of the use of specific sources of guidance in a country and provide an alternative to value-based cultural measures. Based on role and cognition theories, sources include how roles, rules and norms influence decision making in six frequent organizational events that managers encounter. Scores are controlled for demographic effects of respondents’ age and gender, as well as for organizational characteristics, namely ownership, department and organizational types. We also provide …

Сulture, Stress And Coping: Socio-Cultural Context Influence On Coping Types Among Russians, Tatiana Kryukova, Tatiana Gushchina, Olga Ekimchik

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

The paper presents a new psychometric adaptation of the cross-cultural coping scale for the Russian-speaking sample (Cross-Cultural Coping Scale by B. Kuo et al., 2006, Canada: Kuo, Roysircar, Newby-Clark, 2006) and a research made with its help, answering the questions: Do Russians cope with stress? What are socio-cultural contexts of coping in the time of cultural transition? The tool explores the influence of the socio-cultural context on the respondents’ choice between three types of coping. The influence of cultural context on coping and its intensity has been confirmed in this study. The situational context has the greatest impact on …

Family Climate And Adolescent Aggression: An Analysis Of Their Relationships, Carmen Rodríguez-Naranjo, Antonio Caño

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between family functioning (problem solving, communication, roles, affective responsiveness, affective involvement, behaviour control and general functioning) and the development of different expressions of aggressive behaviour in adolescents. Data were collected from a sample of 722 Spanish adolescents who completed the Family Assessment Device and the self-report form of the Children’s Social Behavior Scale. Regression analyses confirmed the specific influence of different dimensions of family functioning on specific types of aggressive behaviour in adolescents. These findings pointed out that a better understanding of family functioning dimensions is necessary in order …

Growing Awareness Of Cultural Aspects Of Psychology As A Resource For Managing Progressive Social Change, Robert Serpell

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

I suggest that CCP’s early preoccupation with direct comparison between culturally-contrastive groups has been overtaken in importance by a number of trends in developmental and applied psychology. Some Western theorists now acknowledge reflexively that their interpretation of psychological variables is itself informed by a particular cultural system of meanings. A growing number of non-Western theorists have proposed alternative cultural psychologies. Mainstream developmental psychology has incorporated culture as an essential dimension of the field, leading to increasingly systemic theories. Cultural sensitivity is widely perceived as essential for the design and interpretation of psychological assessment. The IACCP has contributed to these trends …

Sensory Experience In Interpersonal Physical Attraction: Cross-Cultural Comparison, Elena Zarubko, Victor Karandashev, Madgerie Jameson-Charles, Stephanie Hutcheson, Jane Carter

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

The purpose of the study is to explore the role of visual, auditory, tactile-kinesthetic, and olfactory factors in determining physical attraction to another person in romantic love. Participants from three regions (the USA, Russia, Caribbean countries) completed the survey evaluating the role, which senses play in their attraction to a romantic partner. The questions that were asked were about the importance of the impressions for physical attraction to a partner, rather than the specific physical characteristics, which make a person attractive. Factor analysis identified several factors, which cluster together various sensory experiences, such as expressive behavior, dancing, singing, facial structure, …

Quantile Regression Analyses Of The Component Skills In Various Comprehension Tests, Anh Ngoc Hua

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Many studies to date have examined cognitive factors that drive individual differences in reading comprehension. However, these studies often focused on typical readers, and it is not clear whether their findings apply similarly to readers performing in the extreme ends of the distribution, i.e., poor and good readers. In this dissertation, we used quantile regression on a sample of 834 children (age 8-18) to advance our understanding of the relative importance of different component processes of comprehension not just for the typical but also for poor and skilled readers. In Study 1, we examined how the relative importance of components …

Invisible Effects Of Partner Psychological Aggression, Galana Tennille Chookolingo

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Partner psychological aggression has been shown to be positively correlated with psychological distress and low self-esteem for women. This study adds to the existing literature by including research on men since very little research had been done on the effects of partner psychological aggression and the self-esteem of men. However, there were a limited number of men who participated in this study and who endorsed experiencing partner psychological aggression. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted with data from 153 males and females (N = 153) from national colleges and community samples to explore the relationship amongst partner psychological aggression, psychological …

The Role Of Self-Focused Cognition In Emotion Regulation, Ana Maria Draghici

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The present dissertation reports a set of three studies that sought to characterize the effects of self-focused cognition on emotion regulation, specifically, cognitive reappraisal. Across the three studies, I investigated the effects of self-distancing, disengagement of self-focused thought, and changing the content of self-focused thought on multiple measures of emotion regulation success and emotion regulation difficulty. Results broadly suggested that disengaging self-focused cognition provides distinct advantages for emotion regulation, which are independent of effects on emotional reactivity. Specifically, I observed that other-focused cognition resulted in equally successful, but less difficult emotion regulation, the ability to more quickly disengage from self-focused …

The Secret Ingredient For Improving Infant/Child Mental Health: Teaching Parents To Play, Geraldine Healy Marini

Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Projects

Disorders in mental health are the highest of all disorders and results in the most common form of disability. Since 2011, mental health disorders have increased at alarming rates. It is estimated that 9.5 to 14.2% of children between the ages of 0 to 5 years have and emotional or behavioral problem. The mental health of parents or caregivers can affect and impact the development of young children (Nelson & Mann, 2011, Zero to Three, 2004).

The over arching goal of this research is to explore issues of mental health within parent-child interactions. Coaching parents during the co-occupation of play …

Changing Attitudes About Employing The Disabled: What Works And Why, James Hall, Richie Zweigenhaft

Modern Psychological Studies

Previous research on attitudes towards disabled individuals have found inconsistencies that have been reported in studies that use the Interaction with Disabled Persons Scale (IDP). This research paper attempted to show that the IDP scale is as reliable as the Attitudes towards Disabled People (ATDP). The IDP scale did have a lower than expected Cronbach's alpha = .62, but moderate to strong relationship was found between the two scales, r = .44, p < .001. In order to further understand attitude differences and to help disabled individuals succeed in the workplace, the research conducted analyzed three different variables that could have an impact. Differences in education using both scales were analyzed. The IDP scaled proved not to be consistent analyzing this variable. The ATDP scale was approaching significance, F(2, 70) = .2.882, p = .06, eta2 = .08, and a larger sample size could change the results. The experimenter in this research is disabled and used that to understand f his presence would have an impact on results. In terms of the IDP scale there was no statistical significance between those he gave the scale to and those who received it from someone else, but using the ATDP scale there was a statistical difference found using t test, p = .02. Interactions with individuals were also analyzed but found no statistical significance. Further research in quality of life in individuals with disabilities could prove to be beneficial when bridging the gap between those with disabilities and those with no disabilities.

Playing With Knives: The Socialization Of Self-Initiated Learners, David F. Lancy

Sociology, Social Work and Anthropology Faculty Publications

Since Margaret Mead’s field studies in the South Pacific a century ago, there has been the tacit understanding that as culture varies, so too must the socialization of children to become competent culture users and bearers. More recently, the work of anthropologists has been mined to find broader patterns that may be common to childhood across a range of societies. One improbable commonality has been the tolerance, even encouragement, of toddler behavior that is patently risky, such as playing with or attempting to use a sharp-edged tool. This laissez faire approach to socialization follows from a reliance on children as …