Psychology Commons^™

Educating Managers On How To Manage Introverted Vs. Extroverted Employees, Madison Hays

Honors Projects

While personality types are a popular topic in society today, many don't really understand what they mean and what implications they can have. This project combines the disciplines of both management and psychology, seeking to educate managers on how the two personality traits of introversion and extroversion can impact their ability to effectively manage employees in the workplace. It is presented in the form of a blog, each post identifying and answering an anticipated question that a manager would have while integrating personality considerations into their job practices. Also included are reviews on popular non-fiction books that are recommended for …

Apologies In Higher Education: Students' Perceptions Of Professors Who Apologize, Rebecca Dunlop

Honors Program Theses and Projects

Studies suggest that apologies are beneficial (e.g., Darby & Schlenker, 1982) and lead to positive outcomes such as forgiveness (e.g., Fehr, Gelfand, & Nag, 2010), positive feelings toward the transgressor (e.g., DeCremer, van Dijk, & Pillutla, 2010), and reduced sentencing in legal cases (e.g., Robbennolt, 2003). These findings have been supported within close relationships, business-consumer relationships, and employer-employee relationships, but have not yet been explored within professor-student relationships. The aftermath of a mistake is a critical moment and carries particular weight in students’ overall perceptions of their professors (e.g., Tucker, 2006). The purpose of the current study is to compare …

Exploring The Unique Experiences Of Biological Children In A Foster Family, Alana Marsh

Honors Projects

:The purpose of the following research was to identify the experiences and needs of biological children in a foster family. An online survey was sent to licensed foster families from a private agency. The survey included questions about the experiences, both positive and negative, of biological children before foster youth enter the home, during their stay, and after they exit the home. Analysis of 21 survey answers and thorough review of literature indicated significant lack of available resources for foster parents to utilize when preparing their biological children for this family change. Results also showed that children held damaging misconceptions …

Touch Screen Technology In The First Three Years, Sara Baumgarten

Graduate Student Independent Studies

There has long been debate about the use of screen technology with young children. The first part of this paper reviews the literature currently available, looking at previous research about television viewing as well as emerging research about touch screens. The second part takes observation of three toddlers, ages 20-26 months, using iPads as well as playing with traditional toys and analyzes the differences in play and the developmental skills demonstrated by each.

The Enigma Of Sexual Desire, Part 1: A Brief Review Of Classical, Historical, Philosophical, And Literary Perspectives, David L. Rowland

Psychology Faculty Publications

Throughout human history and across cultures, sexual desire has been of interest to the general public and, now more recently, to the medical/psychological community. Part 1 of this two part series examines the historical aspects of the concept of sexual desire throughout its many transformations, beginning with the writings and mythologies of the ancient Greeks and extending through the ages to the present through the writings of philosophers, playwrights, novelists, and historians. We explore the concept of desire as both a tolerated and celebrated construct over the ages, discussing Western sociocultural perspectives regarding its nature and condition. In our view, …

Occupational Stressors And Health Outcomes For Nurses Working In Correctional Or Non-Correctional Settings, Alyssa R. Zabin

University Scholar Projects

Due to the nature of their work, nurses often face unique occupational stressors and health outcomes. It is important to understand the source of this occupational stress and its affect on health, so that improvements can be made. This study sought to examine occupational stress and health outcomes for both correctional and non-correctional nurses across the continental United States. A survey regarding occupational stressors, community characteristics, individual beliefs, and health outcomes was completed by the nurses (N=459). Predictors including demographic factors, work related stressors, community/network factors, individual beliefs, and health conditions were investigated using linear and Poisson regression …

Effects Of Music On Puzzle Solving, Roberta Kerosevic

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

The purpose of this study was to see how listening to different genres of music affects performance on puzzle solving, particularly word searches. Students completed puzzles of equal difficulty and under different genres of music and the absence of music. The three genres of music were instrumental and included classical, heavy metal, and pop music. There was also a round where no music was played. Students had four rounds to do four different word searches; each round consisted of a different word search topic and was given to each person in a different order. During each round, all participants listened …

The Ability To Detect Lies And Personality, David De La Cruz

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

To detect if someone else is being deceptive is an important ability that all humans possess. However, not much is known about the factors that influence this ability. In previous studies, there have not been any results supporting a relationship among lie detection and sex, occupation, or age. However, I hypothesize that there might be a personality factor involved. In this study, individuals’ ability to detect lies is correlated with their level of extraversion/introversion in order to discover personality differences in people’s ability to detect deception accurately. I hypothesized that introverted individuals will be better at detecting deception because they …

Optimizing Workforce Performance: Perceived Differences Of Army Officer Critical Thinking Talent Across Level Of Education, Richard B. Ayers

Dissertations

The U.S. Army’s operating environment continues to become increasingly complex and unpredictable, where U.S. technological advantage continues to erode. The complexities stem from the Army’s doctrinal assumption that the future operating environment is unknown and constantly changing (Department of the Army [DA], 2014a). Diminishing technological advantage results in more reliance on soldiers’ cognitive capability, and less on high technology weapons systems (McMaster, 2015).

A review of military literature shows extensive research on the importance of Army leaders to be talented critical thinkers (Fischer, Spiker, & Riedel, 2008, 2009; Gerras, 2008; Thomas & Gentzler, 2013). Human capital literature reveals many college …

Suffering In Silence: Investigating The Role Of Fear In The Relationship Between Abusive Supervision And Defensive Silence, Christian Kiewitz, Simon Lloyd D. Restubog, Mindy K. Shoss, Patrick Raymund James M. Garcia, Robert L. Tang

Management and Marketing Faculty Publications

Drawing from an approach-avoidance perspective, we examine the relationships between subordinates’ perceptions of abusive supervision, fear, defensive silence, and ultimately abusive supervision at a later time point. We also account for the effects of subordinates’ assertiveness and individual perceptions of a climate of fear on these predicted mediated relationships. We test this moderated mediation model with data from three studies involving different sources collected across various measurement periods. Results corroborated our predictions by showing (a) a significant association between abusive supervision and subordinates’ fear, (b) second-stage moderation effects of subordinates’ assertiveness and their individual perceptions of a climate of fear …

Relationships Between Social Media Exposure & Levels Of Body Dissatisfaction, Helen Nguyen, Andrea L. Paiva

Senior Honors Projects

The digital age has resulted in major technological inventions leading to great advances; however there are also clear costs. Television allows identical picture images to be broadcasted into millions of homes, the internet is a gateway to seemingly limitless information, and the cell phone is the ultimate connection device. Each of these communication modalities have spread the thinness ideal that is prevalent in Western societies, with the Internet being ridden with pro-eating disorder websites, cell phones providing handheld excess to peer- comparison, and all mediums presenting images of the thin body as ideal. The prevalence of eating disorders is still …

Diagnoses By Gender: The Consequences Of Treatment Of The Mentally Ill In Virginia Woolf's The Waves And Mrs. Dalloway 2016, Erika Nichole Jackson

Master's Theses

“Insanity is purely a disease of the brain…The physician is now the responsible guardian of the lunatic, and must ever remain so.” Sir John Charles Bucknill (1897)

Mental illness has consistently been and continues to be a subject that is viewed as taboo by society, especially when it comes to diagnosing a patient. Instead of acknowledging a person’s actions, thoughts, and words, society continually disregards mental illness as something that is negative and to be feared. The fact that this area of medicine can be difficult and distressing makes it all the more important to continue research. It is true …

The Effects Of Whole Body High-Intensity Interval Training On Collegiate Female Soccer Players 2016, Whitney Frary

Master's Theses

Soccer is considered a high intensity sport that requires a high level of both aerobic and anaerobic fitness. A whole body high-intensity interval training adaptation has been shown to benefit both of these systems over a short period of time. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a five week whole-body high intensity interval training program on female collegiate soccer players performance in speed, acceleration, agility, vertical jump, aerobic capacity, physical self perception, and physical enjoyment. Participants were from the SUNY Cortland women’s soccer team who participated in a five- week training protocol three days a …

The Effects Of Stress On False Memory, Claire Van Vranken

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

This study looks at the impact of stress on the creation of these false memories, using the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm (DRM). A false memory is a memory of an event that never really occurred, but is believed that it occurred by the person remembering it. In a typical DRM study, participants are given a list of words that fall under the same category. When the participants are later asked to recall the words on the list, 40% of the participants recall a word that was not on the list with a high rate of confidence (Roediger & McDermott, 1995). Stress has …

Correlation Between A Students’ Academic Performance And Caffeine Intake, Mary Bindbeutel

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

On most college campuses around the country, one would find it difficult not to run into a coffee cart or a vending machine chock-full of caffeinated beverages. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not there is a correlation between a student’s academic performance and their daily intake of caffeine. I hypothesized that there would be a negative correlation between these variables. That is, I predicted those who reported low levels of caffeine intake would have higher levels of academic performance. This study consisted of 17 participants who were surveyed over their daily caffeine intake and their …

The Relationship Between Emotional Well-Being And A Lack Of Closure With Ex-Partners, Nolan R. Hendrickson, Karolina Štětinová

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

Breakups and troubles with a past romantic partner have long been known to be a major source of emotional distress in people. However, what is not commonly known are the exact reasons for the vast variability in rates of emotional recovery from a breakup and the effects an ex-partner may have on an individual’s well-being post-breakup. Previous research has indicated that the strongest predictors of decline in well-being from a breakup are due to having personal investments with the other person and length of time since the breakup occurred. The current research used online surveys to investigate correlations between scores …

Comparative Organizational Assessments And Partenship Potential For Sekou Pou Nanm-Yo And Asirans Community Counseling Center, Lauren M. Mawe

Sustainability and Social Justice

This paper assesses the organizational capacity of two small Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Port-Au-Prince Haiti. Each NGO has a staff of under 15 members. At the time of the assessment, they were both in early stages of their development, with one in its first year of operations, and the other in its fifth year. Both embody grassroots, community organizations because of their connections to the communities in which they work, their willingness to travel to those communities, and their predominantly Haitian staff. The fieldwork included interviews, focus groups, and three months of participant observation and work with these organizations. In …

Efficiency Of The Male Effect With Photostimulated Bucks Does Not Depend On Their Familiarity With Goats, A. L. Muñoz, M. Bedos, R. M. Aroña, J. A. Flores, H. Hernández, C. Moussu, Elodie F. Briefer, P. Chemineau, M. Keller, J. A. Delgadillo

Reproductive Behavior Collection

In ewes, the ovulatory response of females exposed to familiar rams is lower than the response of those exposed to novel ones. In goats, males rendered sexually active by exposure to long days are more efficient to induce ovulation in seasonal anestrous females than untreated males. Two experiments were conducted to determine 1) whether male goats remain familiar to females after 45 days of separation; and 2) whether photostimulated males are able to stimulate the sexual activity of females, independently of their familiarity with them. In Experiment 1, three groups of goats (n = 10 goats per group) were put …

Are Domestic Pigs (Sus Scrofa Domestica) Able To Use Complex Human-Given Cues To Find A Hidden Reward?, Christian Nawroth, Mirjam Ebersbach, Eberhard Von Borell

Social Cognition Collection

Understanding human-animal interactions in livestock production systems is crucial for improving animal welfare. It is therefore of general interest to investigate how livestock animals obtain information from humans. By using an object-choice paradigm, we investigated whether domestic pigs (n = 4) are able to use a variety of human-given cues, such as different pointing gestures, to find a hidden food reward. In Experiment 1, an experimenter pointed towards a baited location in front of the pig while the extent of the protrusion of his hand from the upper body was varied. Pigs had problems using pointing gestures that did not …

Language Use Statistics And Perceptual Simulation In Language Processing, Alena Hejl

Linguistics Honors Projects

Humans’ ability to comprehend language seems to rely on both mental reconstructions of what we have experienced in the world and statistically-based expectations of how language is used. This study adapted a comparison of perceptual and statistical explanations of word comprehension in the auditory modality. Participants completed a series of trials in which they heard cue words, some of which were spatially oriented (e.g., sky, ground), and then completed a letter identification task. In this task, the letter appeared on the computer screen in either a congruent location or an incongruent location. The position of the letter at the top …

Interconnections Between Perceptions Of Blame, Mind, And Moral Abilities, Alex Ropes, Steve Guglielmo

Psychology Honors Projects

Theories of blame, mind, and moral attribution consider an individual’s perceived agency, operationalized in part as perceived intentionality and self-control. People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may display social deficits and a greater tendency to engage in problem behavior (PB; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) than neurotypical (NT) people, which may lead people to perceive that individuals with ASD act less agentically. Study 1 shows that the mitigated perceived agency of people with ASD leads to mitigated blame attribution. In addition to perceived agency, theories of mind and moral attribution account for perceptions of an individual’s capacity to experience emotions, pleasure, …

The Effect Of Descriptive Norms On Resistance Exercise Self-Efficacy In College-Aged Females 2016, Justin Kompf

Master's Theses

Resistance training is a form of physical activity that provides substantial health benefits. Despite these widespread benefits, participation in resistance training is considerably low, particularly among females. To engage in a skill-related activity such as resistance training, individuals need to have confidence in their abilities. Self-efficacy is a cognitive construct that is used to describe situation-specific self-confidence. Descriptive norms are a type of social norm that describes the behavior of others. Descriptive norms have been useful in positively changing health related behaviors. The exact mechanism of how descriptive norms alter behavior is unknown. However, it has been show in research …

Suffering In The Human Experience: An Examination Of The Book Of Job And King Lear, Allison Denton

English Department Student Scholarship

This thesis uses the Old Testament figure of Job and the Shakespearean character King Lear to examine how suffering calls us to question life and its meaning. These works were chosen because of their authors' demonstrated value of life despite their protagonists' pain. This project originated from a desire to answer questions about the meaning of life that had arisen during four years of study at the College of the Holy Cross.

Prologue, Michiko Nohara-Leclair

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

No abstract provided.

College Intimate Relationships And Parents’ Marital Status, Jessica Baynes

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

This study looks specifically at college students’ intimate relationships and if there are correlations regarding their parents’ marital status and/or perceived happiness of their parents’ marriage and the participants’ intimate relationships. The findings reported in the literature are mixed as to whether parents’ marital status is an indicator for their offspring’s intimate relationships. I strictly focused on the participants views on their relationships with their parents (if it is negative or positive), if the participants’ parents are perceived to be happy in their relationships, and if they feel successful about their intimate relationships. Originally, I felt there was a discrepancy …

The Relationship Between Punctuality, Optimism, And Time Perception, Madison Vander Wielen

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

This study looked at both the relationship between a persons’ punctuality and their perception of time passing and the correlation between a persons’ punctuality and their optimism level. Punctuality was measured in two different ways: when the participant arrived to the scheduled study slot and then again when they took a punctuality survey. I measured the participants’ perception of time by having them estimate when two minutes had passed while completing a Sudoku puzzle. The point of time when they thought 2 min had passed was compared to the actual amount of time that passed. The puzzle assured that the …

2015-2016, Full Issue

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

No abstract provided.

The Development Of The Scale Of Contemplative Practice In Higher Education, Maryann Krikorian

Educational Studies Dissertations

Some scholars have formed a more expansive view of knowledge that moves beyond the cognitive notion of intellect. For example, emotional intelligence (EI) theory posits that human intelligence encompasses both cognitive and emotional competencies, providing a framework for the concept of contemplative practices in an endeavor to support an eclectic understanding of cognition. Contemplative practices may benefit graduate student disposition and inform areas of educator preparation through the use of emotional adeptness in higher education. The purpose of this study was to: (a) develop a self-report measure: Scale of Contemplative Practice in Higher Education (SCOPE); (b) address the issues of …

Contingency Management Works, Clients Like It, And It Is Cost-Effective., Kimberly C. Kirby, Lois A Benishek, Mary B Tabit

College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research

No abstract provided.

Comparing The Utilization Of The Peds And Psc-17 Screeners In A Pediatric Primary Care Clinic, Halie L. Dyer

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Behavioral problems exhibited in early childhood can predict continued behavioral difficulties into adolescence and adulthood and can result in poor social functioning and health outcomes. Early identification of these concerns is necessary in order to connect families with appropriate interventions that thwart a negative trajectory. In pediatric offices, developmental screeners and pediatric surveillance are efficient and reliable methods of assessing behavioral concerns, which can help to quickly connect families with services. This study examines two methods of screening for behavioral concerns and the impact on on-site behavioral health referrals for children 4 and 5 years of age at a local …