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2015

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Articles 391 - 420 of 3072

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Coping With Racial Discrimination: The Impact Of Substance Use, Emotional Eating, And Emotional Support On Mental And Physical Health, Maurice Endsley, Jr. Sep 2015

Coping With Racial Discrimination: The Impact Of Substance Use, Emotional Eating, And Emotional Support On Mental And Physical Health, Maurice Endsley, Jr.

Dissertations

Racial discrimination is a likely contributor to disparate health outcomes for African-American and Hispanic-Americans. The current study elaborates on previous research by assessing the impact of three coping variables, substance use, emotional eating, and social support, which may explain the relationship between racial discrimination and poorer perceptions physical functioning and three health maladies, including hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, the coping responses were hypothesized to serve as protective factors against the development of depression and anger symptoms. A total of 424 Hispanic, African-American participants between the ages of 18 and 65 completed an online survey. A six variable model …

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Voting At Home Is Associated With Lower Cortisol Than Voting At The Polls, Jayme Neiman, Karl Giuseffi, Kevin Smith, Jeffrey French, Israel Waismel-Manor, John Hibbing Sep 2015

Voting At Home Is Associated With Lower Cortisol Than Voting At The Polls, Jayme Neiman, Karl Giuseffi, Kevin Smith, Jeffrey French, Israel Waismel-Manor, John Hibbing

Psychology Faculty Publications

Previous research finds that voting is a socially stressful activity associated with increases in cortisol levels. Here we extend this research by investigating whether different voting modalities have differential effects on the stress response to voting. Results from a field experiment conducted during the 2012 presidential elections strongly suggest that traditional “at the polls” voting is more stressful, as measured by increases in cortisol levels, than voting at home by mail-in ballot or engaging in comparable non-political social activities. These findings imply that increased low-stress voting options such as mail-in ballots may increase political participation among individuals who are sensitive …

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Supervisor-Specific Outcomes Of A Work-Family Intervention: Evidence From The Work, Family, & Health Study, Mackenna Laine Perry Sep 2015

Supervisor-Specific Outcomes Of A Work-Family Intervention: Evidence From The Work, Family, & Health Study, Mackenna Laine Perry

Dissertations and Theses

Workplace interventions provide a practical and important means of providing support for employees' work-family needs. However, work-family interventions are rare and are generally not thoroughly evaluated. The current study seeks to better understand the impacts of STAR ("Support. Transform. Achieve. Results."), the large-scale work-family intervention developed and implemented by the Work, Family, & Health Network (see Bray et al., 2013). Drawing on Conservation of Resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989), this study examines supervisors' participation in STAR through assessment of three primary supervisor-specific outcomes: training-related views and behaviors, well-being, and the work-family interface. The sample, consisting of 184 supervisors from 30 extended-care …

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Relations Among Gender-Typical And Gender-Atypical Uses Of Aggression, Popularity, And Depression, Melissa Murphy Sep 2015

Relations Among Gender-Typical And Gender-Atypical Uses Of Aggression, Popularity, And Depression, Melissa Murphy

Kaleidoscope

The purpose of this study was to investigate how types of bullying engaged in by high school students (relational, physical, or verbal aggression) vary with gender and how they may be related to a student’s social status. Children in the ninth grade, from four different Kentucky high schools, were administered various measures as part of a larger study on social development in their own classroom. Measures used in our analysis included a bully and victim self-reported narrative, Bullying Questions and Belonging Questionnaire, and a Peer Nomination Scale. Results indicated that females used more relational aggression than males, and males used …

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“In A Competition Full Of Hamburgers, You’Re A Steak:” American Idol And The Role Of Reality Television In The Maintenance Of Our Egos, Kathryn L. Braun Sep 2015

“In A Competition Full Of Hamburgers, You’Re A Steak:” American Idol And The Role Of Reality Television In The Maintenance Of Our Egos, Kathryn L. Braun

Kaleidoscope

Over the past decade, reality shows have ascended to the top of the Nielsen rating charts and have assumed a dominance that is difficult to cast aside. One such reality show, American Idol has grown in popularity over its last six seasons. This chapter discusses one of the main arguments of a larger honors thesis that examines the underlying motives that keep American viewers watching. As a cultural commodity, American Idol can be viewed as a product of American values and holds a societal purpose for its viewers. Therefore, the arguments within this chapter propose that the great popularity enjoyed …

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Wearing Memories: Clothing And The Global Lives Of Mourning In Swaziland, Casey Golomski Sep 2015

Wearing Memories: Clothing And The Global Lives Of Mourning In Swaziland, Casey Golomski

Anthropology

This article situates a cultural phenomenon of women’s memory work through clothing in Swaziland. It explores clothing as both action and object of everyday, personalized practice that constitutes psychosocial well-being and material proximities between the living and the dead, namely, in how clothing of the deceased is privately possessed and ritually manipulated by the bereaved. While human and spiritual self-other relations are produced through clothing and its material efficacy, current global ideologies of immaterial mortuary ritual associated with Pentecostalism have emerged as contraries to this local, intersubjective grief work. This article describes how such contrarian ideologies paper over existing global …

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Patterns Of Marital Relationship Change Across The Transition From One Child To Two, Brenda L. Volling, Wonjung Oh, Richard Gonzalez, Patty X. Kuo, Tianyi Yu Sep 2015

Patterns Of Marital Relationship Change Across The Transition From One Child To Two, Brenda L. Volling, Wonjung Oh, Richard Gonzalez, Patty X. Kuo, Tianyi Yu

Department of Child, Youth, and Family Studies: Faculty Publications

Patterns of marital change after the birth of a second child were explored in a sample of 229 married couples, starting in pregnancy, and at 1, 4, 8 and 12 months postpartum. Five trajectory patterns that reflected sudden, persistent decline (i.e., crisis), sudden, short-term decline (i.e., adjustment and adaptation), sudden, short-term gain (i.e., honeymoon effect), linear change, and no change were examined with dyadic, longitudinal data for husbands and wives. Six distinct latent classes emerged using growth mixture modeling: (a) wife decreasing positivity-husband honeymoon (44%), (b) wife increasing conflict-husband adjustment and adaptation (34.5%), (c) wife honeymoon-discrepant spouse positivity (7.4%), (d) …

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Synesthesia And Memory: An Exploratory Analysis, Caleb Robinson Sep 2015

Synesthesia And Memory: An Exploratory Analysis, Caleb Robinson

Modern Psychological Studies

Few studies have measured how the memory of individuals with synesthesia, a perceptual phenomenon in which a stimulus triggers a separate sensory experience, is affected because of their novel perceptual experiences. The studies that have examined synesthesia and enhanced memory have been inconclusive, as some have found those with synesthesia exhibit superior memory capabilities, while other studies have not. This study sought to replicate previous studies that have found effects of color congruency. The participant M.P., a female with grapheme-color synesthesia, was given lists of words that were either congruent to her synesthetic experience, random colors, or words in black …

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The Relationship Between Individual Differences In Rumination, Distractibility, And Depression, David Y. Suh, Deanna M. Barch Sep 2015

The Relationship Between Individual Differences In Rumination, Distractibility, And Depression, David Y. Suh, Deanna M. Barch

Modern Psychological Studies

According to the response styles theory, rumination and distraction are two different ways to respond to a negative stimulus. Previous studies on the relationship between rumination and distraction and their effect on depression have focused mainly on the active use of these response styles. In the present study, we examined how the natural tendency to be distractible was related to rumination or depression. Participants were asked to answer questionnaires to rumination, distractibility, and depression, and to perform an attention task. Self-reported level of rumination, depression, and distractibility all had a positive correlation with each other. However, task performance indexed by …

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Finding The Engram., Sheena A Josselyn, Stefan Köhler, Paul W Frankland Sep 2015

Finding The Engram., Sheena A Josselyn, Stefan Köhler, Paul W Frankland

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Many attempts have been made to localize the physical trace of a memory, or engram, in the brain. However, until recently, engrams have remained largely elusive. In this Review, we develop four defining criteria that enable us to critically assess the recent progress that has been made towards finding the engram. Recent 'capture' studies use novel approaches to tag populations of neurons that are active during memory encoding, thereby allowing these engram-associated neurons to be manipulated at later times. We propose that findings from these capture studies represent considerable progress in allowing us to observe, erase and express the engram.

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Development Of A Technology-Based Behavioral Vaccine To Prevent Adolescent Depression: A Health System Integration Model, Benjamin W. Van Voorhees, Tracy Gladstone, Stephanie Cordel, Monika Marko-Holguin, William Beardslee, Sachiko Kuwabara, Mark Allan Kaplan, Joshua Fogel, Anne Diehl, Chris Hansen, Carl Bell Sep 2015

Development Of A Technology-Based Behavioral Vaccine To Prevent Adolescent Depression: A Health System Integration Model, Benjamin W. Van Voorhees, Tracy Gladstone, Stephanie Cordel, Monika Marko-Holguin, William Beardslee, Sachiko Kuwabara, Mark Allan Kaplan, Joshua Fogel, Anne Diehl, Chris Hansen, Carl Bell

Publications and Research

Efforts to prevent depression have become a key health system priority. Currently, there is a high prevalence of depression among adolescents, and treatment has become costly due to the recurrence patterns of the illness, impairment among patients, and the complex factors needed for a treatment to be effective. Primary care may be the optimal location to identify those at risk by offering an Internet-based preventive intervention to reduce costs and improve outcomes. Few practical interventions have been developed. The models for Internet intervention development that have been put forward focus primarily on the Internet component rather than how the program …

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How Social Activity Affects Exercise In A Rat Model Of Depression Proneness, Jacqueline Rojas Sep 2015

How Social Activity Affects Exercise In A Rat Model Of Depression Proneness, Jacqueline Rojas

Modern Psychological Studies

With depression rising worldwide, finding effective, affordable relief is a pressing global public health need. Social activity and physical activity both function as natural depression remedies, but depression can interfere with these activities. This study explores whether an increase in social activity can simultaneously increase voluntary exercise. If so, a single remedy could potentially yield two benefits. Rats were singly or paired housed to model social activity, and voluntary wheel running was measured. Depression proneness was modeled with Occidental Low-Saccharin- Consuming (LoS) rats; relative to high-saccharin-consuming (HiS) rats, LoS rats are more anxious and vulnerable to stress, both of which …

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The Effect Of Audio Recordings And Photographs Of Autistic And Typical Children On Social Judgments, Lauren Ulander, Ingrid Farreras Sep 2015

The Effect Of Audio Recordings And Photographs Of Autistic And Typical Children On Social Judgments, Lauren Ulander, Ingrid Farreras

Modern Psychological Studies

In a counterbalanced, 2x2 mixed factorial design, 61 randomly assigned participants rated two audio recordings and two photographs of autistic or typical children. The hypothesis was that participants would judge autistic children most negatively when listening to audio recordings of them, but that they would judge photographs of autistic and typical children similarly. The two-way mixed ANOVA found a statistically significant main effect for the autistic versus typical child, but no statistically significant main effect for type of medium (recording vs. picture) nor interaction effect. This points to autistic children being judged more negatively in comparison to their typical peers, …

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Child Maltreatment And Military-Connected Youth: Developing Protective School Communities: School Responses Of Referral And Clinical Interventions Do Not Address Needs Of Military Families, Kris T. De Pedro Sep 2015

Child Maltreatment And Military-Connected Youth: Developing Protective School Communities: School Responses Of Referral And Clinical Interventions Do Not Address Needs Of Military Families, Kris T. De Pedro

Education Faculty Articles and Research

"Since the beginning of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars, more than 2 million school-aged youth in the United States have had a parent enlist in the military. About 1.2 million of these youth have experienced the deployment of a parent. Multiple and prolonged deployments and exposure to veteran trauma disrupt family relationships and financial stability. The deployment cycle also effects the mental health and well-being of service members and left-behind caregivers and children. Indeed, the caregivers in particular must cope with emotional stress and may have feelings of social isolation. Even when seeking help, left-behind caregivers may have difficulty locating …

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Six Principles To Consider When Working With Roman Catholic Clients, Thomas G. Plante Sep 2015

Six Principles To Consider When Working With Roman Catholic Clients, Thomas G. Plante

Psychology

Although the majority of Americans consider themselves to be Christian and affiliated with various Protestant denominations, a quarter of the American population identify themselves as Roman Catholics who are the largest single religious denomination in the country. Yet, surprisingly, fairly little research has been published in the professional psychology literature about working with this very large and diverse group. Psychologists have an ethical responsibility to be aware of and respectful to diversity including diversity based on religious background, affiliation, and perspectives. The purpose of this brief reflection is to offer 6 important principles to keep in mind for professional psychologists …

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The Potential To Promote Resilience: Piloting A Minority Stress-Informed, Gsa-Based, Mental Health Promotion Program For Lgbtq Youth, Nicholas C. Heck Sep 2015

The Potential To Promote Resilience: Piloting A Minority Stress-Informed, Gsa-Based, Mental Health Promotion Program For Lgbtq Youth, Nicholas C. Heck

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

This article describes the results of a pilot study to determine the feasibility and acceptability of a mental health promotion program that was developed to address minority stressors and promote coping skills among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) youth. It was hypothesized that the program would be feasible to implement within the context of a gay–straight alliance (GSA) and that GSA members would find the program acceptable (e.g., educational, enjoyable, helpful, and relevant). Participants included 10 members of a high school GSA in the northeastern United States. The program sessions were delivered during GSA meetings. The first session …

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Discrimination, Substance Use, And Cultural Buffers Among Native American College Students, Brenna L. Greenfield Sep 2015

Discrimination, Substance Use, And Cultural Buffers Among Native American College Students, Brenna L. Greenfield

Psychology ETDs

The negative effects of racial discrimination and microaggressions on health have been consistently documented, but only a handful of studies have examined this topic among Native Americans. The goal of this study was to test the Indigenist Stress-Coping Model (Walters, Simoni, & Evans-Campbell, 2002) among Native American college students attending two post-secondary institutions in the Southwestern United States. It was hypothesized that microaggressions would be positively related to substance use, and that cultural factors would attenuate the strength of this relationship. A total of 347 participants (65% female) completed a one-time online survey that included the Microaggressions Scale, the Actualization …

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Neighborhood Diversity And The Creative Class In Chicago, Bradley Bereitschaft, Rex G. Cammack Sep 2015

Neighborhood Diversity And The Creative Class In Chicago, Bradley Bereitschaft, Rex G. Cammack

Geography and Geology Faculty Publications

Richard Florida's creative class theory posits that highly skilled workers with creative- or knowledge-intensive occupations are particularly sensitive to ‘quality of place’, a key component of which is an open and tolerant attitude toward different peoples, cultures, and lifestyles. While diversity, as a proxy for tolerance, has proven to be a relatively weak pull-factor at the inter-metropolitan level, the potential role of neighborhood-level diversity in the residential location of creative class workers has yet to be explored empirically. In this study we use ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and geographically weighted regression (GWR) to test the hypothesis that there exists …

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Ideological Social Identity: Psychological Attachment To Ideological In-Groups As A Political Phenomenon And A Behavioral Influence, Christopher J. Devine Sep 2015

Ideological Social Identity: Psychological Attachment To Ideological In-Groups As A Political Phenomenon And A Behavioral Influence, Christopher J. Devine

Political Science Faculty Publications

Motivated by symbolic ideology research and Social Identity Theory (SIT), this article introduces an original measure of ideological social identity (ISI) designed to capture feelings of psychological attachment to an ideological in-group and facilitate analysis of their attitudinal and behavioral effects. Data from a nationally representative sample of survey experimental participants indicates that the ISI scale is empirically distinct from ideological self-placement, the standard measure of symbolic ideology, and it conditions the effects of self-placement on vote choice in actual and hypothetical election scenarios. ISI is also common within the American public, particularly among conservatives, and responsive to environmental stimuli …

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From Mirroring To World-Making: Research As Future Forming, Kenneth J. Gergen Sep 2015

From Mirroring To World-Making: Research As Future Forming, Kenneth J. Gergen

Psychology Faculty Works

After decades of acrimonious debate on the nature of scientific knowledge, researchers in the human or social sciences are reaching a state of relative equanimity, a condition that may be characterized as a reflective pragmatism. Yet, even while the context has favored the development of new forms of research, the longstanding ocular metaphor of inquiry remains pervasive. That is, researchers continue the practice of observing what is the case, with the intent to illuminate, understand, report on, or furnish insight into given states of affairs. And, while selectively useful, such an orientation is not only limited in potential but subject …

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Cultural Beliefs And Professional Empathy Influence Continuity Of Healthcare, Jael A. Amador Sep 2015

Cultural Beliefs And Professional Empathy Influence Continuity Of Healthcare, Jael A. Amador

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Negative healthcare encounters have implications for preventive medical services and continuity of healthcare. This study examined the influence of positive cultural beliefs about health professionals and perceived professional empathy on continuity of cancer screening care in the context of a negative healthcare encounter. A mixed-methods research approach was implemented to examine the relations among cultural beliefs, perceived professional empathy, interpersonal emotions, and continuity of care among 237 Latin American (Latino) and non-Latino White (Anglo) American women that reported a negative healthcare encounter. Multi-group structural equation modeling revealed that for Latino and Anglo women, positive cultural beliefs about health professionals in …

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Do Clergy In Hidalgo County, Texas Serve As A Bridge Or Barrier To Mental Health Services?, John C. Park Sep 2015

Do Clergy In Hidalgo County, Texas Serve As A Bridge Or Barrier To Mental Health Services?, John C. Park

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Clergy play the role of frontline mental health (MH) workers for many Americans (Ellison et al., 2006; Wang et al., 2005; Winet, Majors, & Stewart, 1979). There is insufficient information in regards to what the clergy believe about MH and how they respond to MH related concerns. What we know indicates that clergy are not sufficiently equipped or trained to respond adequately to people suffering from issues of MH. Using face to face interview process, 301 clergy members of the faith based organizations (FBO) in Hidalgo County, Texas (HCT) were interviewed. Key findings suggest that the clergy engage in significant …

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The Assessment Of Malingering Within Forensic Populations, Caroline Mary Katherine Carr Sep 2015

The Assessment Of Malingering Within Forensic Populations, Caroline Mary Katherine Carr

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The current literature review examines the assessment of malingering in adult forensic populations with a focus on recent applications of measures for identifying feigned psychiatric symptoms. Although a large amount of research on malingering assessment exists, such a review is needed given the limited research on factors that increase an individual’s ability to malinger successfully and evade detection. This review also serves as a guide to help clinicians select the most appropriate assessment measures which may vary across cases. Clinical implications of malingering assessment and suggestions for future research are discussed.

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Treatment Manual For Improving Self-Esteem, Body Image, And Interpersonal Effectiveness Of Female Juvenile Offenders, Victoria Liao Sep 2015

Treatment Manual For Improving Self-Esteem, Body Image, And Interpersonal Effectiveness Of Female Juvenile Offenders, Victoria Liao

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Few interventions have been established for female juvenile offenders, despite the unique psychological problems reported in this population. This is an important issue requiring greater attention, as there has been an increase in the total amount of incarcerated female youth. Additionally, the trajectory leading to delinquent behaviors and incarceration among females is distinct from that of males. Given the need for interventions targeting female juvenile offenders, a treatment manual was developed to improve self-esteem, body image, and interpersonal effectiveness in this population using principles of dialectical behavioral therapy.

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An Attribution-Emotion Approach To Political Conflict, Daniel Joel Northington Sep 2015

An Attribution-Emotion Approach To Political Conflict, Daniel Joel Northington

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The current political system in the United States is marked by extreme levels of partisan hostility and polarization, which has not only resulted in a dysfunctional congress, but also increasing conflict between partisan groups in the general electorate. While political scientists have offered various explanations for this phenomenon, social-psychological theories provide opportunities for empirical investigation of psychological explanatory factors. This study applied Betancourt’s attribution-emotion model of conflict and violence to the ultimate attribution error in order to develop a contemporary and comprehensive understanding of the psychological factors relevant to partisan-based intergroup relations. Five hundred sixty-four participants from various demographic backgrounds …

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Use Of An Enhanced Engagement Approach To Increase Engagement In An Online Support Group, Ketlyne Sol Sep 2015

Use Of An Enhanced Engagement Approach To Increase Engagement In An Online Support Group, Ketlyne Sol

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Online support groups (OSGs) are potentially useful resources for individuals with chronic health problems who often face challenges in receiving desired support from similar others. Barriers such as limited mobility, time, distance, and desire for anonymity limit access to this support in traditional face-to-face groups. However, engagement in OSGs are well documented to have low user activity, despite the barriers they help to overcome. Several reasons for this low engagement are discussed. Study into engagement is limited by the fact that there are many different ways of measuring engagement, which are not consistent across studies. Furthermore, interventions to specifically improve …

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Acceptability And Preferences For Empirically-Supported Psychological Treatments, Amanda Gorlick Sep 2015

Acceptability And Preferences For Empirically-Supported Psychological Treatments, Amanda Gorlick

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Over the past decade, mental health has been moving in the direction of empirically-supported treatments. Currently, there are many empirically-supported treatment modalities that have been shown to be efficacious for various psychological disorders, specifically mood and anxiety disorders. However, the face-to-face treatment literature reflects low levels of treatment access and participation. Approximately half of participants with clinically-significant levels of depression received some treatment, evidence-based or not (Kessler et al., 2007). Even for participants who are able to successfully access services, engagement with treatment is often low, and dropout rates are high. There is some evidence that participants’ preferences for treatment …

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Assessment Of Geriatric Depression: Construction Of A New Screening Inventory, Earl C. Thorndyke Iii Sep 2015

Assessment Of Geriatric Depression: Construction Of A New Screening Inventory, Earl C. Thorndyke Iii

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Geriatric depression is strongly associated with increased healthcare costs, poor treatment outcomes, and mortality. Existing measures of depression in this population do not adequately account for more recent literature describing the presentation of depressed older adults, and thus may result in the underdiagnosis of depression in this population. The current study consistent of the development of a new, updated measure and examined its psychometric properties and potential clinical utility for diagnosing depression in adults over the age of 65. Participants were be recruited from multiple sources, including a community population from residential retirement communities, as well as inpatients and outpatients …

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Parent Stress And Social Skills Development In Children With Developmental Delays, Andrea Lewallen Sep 2015

Parent Stress And Social Skills Development In Children With Developmental Delays, Andrea Lewallen

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The following dissertation is a compilation of two studies examining the impact of Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) on parents of children with developmental delays (DD) and the subsequent effects on child social development. Study one sought to examine whether changes in child social skills occurred after parent stress was reduced through an 8-week MBSR training group, and whether these changes were associated with improvements in parent-child relational factors. Data from 24 families of children with DD (ages 2.5-5) were examined in this study. Paired samples t-tests examining pre-post differences revealed that mothers, secondary informants, and teachers acknowledged improvements in …

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Performance Of Number Of Factors Procedures In Small Sample Sizes, Marc Thomas Porritt Sep 2015

Performance Of Number Of Factors Procedures In Small Sample Sizes, Marc Thomas Porritt

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Recent studies have indicated that under the proper circumstances factor anaylisis may be accurately performed in samples as small as N = 9. However, all of these studies have extracted a pre-known number of factors, leaving an examination of determining the proper number of factors to future studies. The current study uses examines the following methods for determining the proper number of factors: Monte Carlo data to examine the performance of common versions of the Kaiser Rule, minimum average partial, parallel analysis and salient loading criteria under the conditions created by all possible combinations of method, model strength, overdetermination and …

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