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Psychology Commons™

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2015

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Articles 2371 - 2400 of 3072

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

The Complicated Relationship Between Music And Foreign Language Learning: Nuanced Conditions Required For Cognitive Benefits Due To Music, Talia Greenberg Jan 2015

The Complicated Relationship Between Music And Foreign Language Learning: Nuanced Conditions Required For Cognitive Benefits Due To Music, Talia Greenberg

Honors Papers

Many people enjoy listening to music while they study, but others find music distracting. Research about the effect of music on performance during a cognitive task mirrors the equivocal nature of this subjective debate. Across 3 experiments, music, either in the background or as an active encoding device, was found to have no effect on foreign language learning. In Experiment 1, participants studied foreign language vocabulary in silence, while listening to instrumental music, or while listening to music with lyrics. There was no effect of music on recall at immediate (p = .52) or delayed testing (p = .80). Participants …

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Bullying Of Disabled And Non-Disabled High School Students: A Comparison Using The Maine Integrated Youth Health Survey, Sarah Guckenburg Jan 2015

Bullying Of Disabled And Non-Disabled High School Students: A Comparison Using The Maine Integrated Youth Health Survey, Sarah Guckenburg

Contemporary Issues in Juvenile Justice

No abstract provided.

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Juveniles Who Commit Sexual Offenses, Jennifer R. Arthur Jan 2015

Juveniles Who Commit Sexual Offenses, Jennifer R. Arthur

Contemporary Issues in Juvenile Justice

No abstract provided.

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Doing Interview-Based Qualitative Research: A Learner's Guide, E. Magnusson, Jeanne Marecek Jan 2015

Doing Interview-Based Qualitative Research: A Learner's Guide, E. Magnusson, Jeanne Marecek

Psychology Faculty Works

For many students, the experience of learning about and using qualitative methods can be bewildering. This book is an accessible step-by-step guide to conducting interview-based qualitative research projects. The authors discuss the 'hows' and 'whys' of qualitative research, showing readers the practices as well as the principles behind them. The book first describes how to formulate research questions suited to qualitative inquiry. It then discusses in detail how to select and invite research participants into a study and how to design and carry out good interviews. It next presents several ways to analyze interviews and provides readers with many worked …

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Playland: Technology, Self, And Cultural Transformation, Kenneth J. Gergen Jan 2015

Playland: Technology, Self, And Cultural Transformation, Kenneth J. Gergen

Psychology Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

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What Have I Just Done? Anchoring, Self-Knowledge And Judgments Of Recent Behavior, Nathan Norem Cheek , '15, Sarah J. Coe-Odess , '15, Barry Schwartz Jan 2015

What Have I Just Done? Anchoring, Self-Knowledge And Judgments Of Recent Behavior, Nathan Norem Cheek , '15, Sarah J. Coe-Odess , '15, Barry Schwartz

Psychology Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

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Behavioral Effects Of Fluoxetine On Aggression And Associative Learning In Betta Splendens, Benjamin Eisenreich Jan 2015

Behavioral Effects Of Fluoxetine On Aggression And Associative Learning In Betta Splendens, Benjamin Eisenreich

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

While the link between serotonin and the behaviors of aggression and learning has been elucidated, few studies have examined the impact serotonin has on learning for aggressive rewards. In particular, the SSRI fluoxetine has been demonstrated to reduce aggression as well the acquisition of instrumental responding for rewards indicating that this drugs behavioral effect may be related to motivational processes important for learning. To examine the relationship between fluoxetine and motivational process important for learning, two experiments were conducted using Betta splendens, a species well known for their robust aggressive response and drive to engage in aggressive behaviors, to examine …

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The Relationship Between Religiousness And Intimate Partner Violence Risk And Protective Factors, Peter Warren Jan 2015

The Relationship Between Religiousness And Intimate Partner Violence Risk And Protective Factors, Peter Warren

Theses and Dissertations

This paper proposes an integrated model illustrating the mechanisms by which religiousness may serve to influence individual beliefs regarding intimate partner violence (IPV) and the potential for subsequent abusive behavior. Intimate partner violence is a serious public health issue in the US, affecting over 25% of women at some point in their lives (CDC, 2010; Tjaden & Thoennes, 2000). Religion is a near ubiquitous aspect of American culture, with over 80% of Americans reporting some kind of belief in a higher power (Gallup, 2008. Overall, the literature shows that religiousness typically serves as a protective factor against IPV, but digging …

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The Effects Of Expert Testimony In Sexual Assault Trials, Lillybelle K. Deer Jan 2015

The Effects Of Expert Testimony In Sexual Assault Trials, Lillybelle K. Deer

CMC Senior Theses

Recently, expert testimony in sexual assault trials shifted from an emphasis on Rape Trauma Syndrome (RTS) to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and experts have tied these diagnoses either loosely or tightly to the victim’s condition following sexual assault. In the current study, 326 jury-eligible adults completed a survey on Amazon Mechanical Turk in which they read a synopsis of a sexual assault trial and an expert testimony with either RTS, PTSD or neither; along with either no, loose, or tight links made between the diagnosis and the victim’s condition. There was no main effect of diagnosis label but testimony linkage …

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Warmth And Competence Perceptions Of Female Job Candidates: Who Gets Hired?, Laura E. Campbell Jan 2015

Warmth And Competence Perceptions Of Female Job Candidates: Who Gets Hired?, Laura E. Campbell

CMC Senior Theses

This study explores how warmth and competence perceptions affect hireability of a female job candidate. The mixed model of stereotype content identifies warmth and competence as the two basic dimensions of person-perception, and research has shown a compensatory relationship between these two dimensions, especially for women. This study explores this compensatory effect for women in a hiring situation. Two samples, one of college students (n = 301) and another of MTurk participants (n = 256), read a description of a female job candidate of either high or low competence and either high, low, or no mention of warmth, …

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Transgender Individuals' Social Support Experiences In Central Appalachia, Angela J. Aaron Jan 2015

Transgender Individuals' Social Support Experiences In Central Appalachia, Angela J. Aaron

Theses and Dissertations--Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology

The majority of empirical studies in transgender psychology have focused on the negative experiences of urban transgender individuals (Grossman & D’Augelli, 2007; Koken, Bimbi, & Parsons, 2009; Melendez & Pinto, 2007; Singh & McKleroy, 2011; Strain & Shuff, 2010; Xavier, Bobbin, Singer, & Budd, 2005). Less is known about the experiences of rural transgender individuals (Fassinger & Arseneau, 2007; Grossman, 2008) especially in Central Appalachia (Gray, 2009). The purpose of this study was to examine transgender individuals’ perceptions of social support in Central Appalachia. Bronfenbrenner’s (1977) ecological model framed the analysis of social support experiences within the culture of Central …

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Examining Memory Consolidation And Reconsolidation In An Appetitive Pavlovian Task, Jonathan J. Chow Jan 2015

Examining Memory Consolidation And Reconsolidation In An Appetitive Pavlovian Task, Jonathan J. Chow

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

Memory plays an important role in defining how one behaves. The neurobiological mechanisms of memory have been studied extensively in animal models and the NMDA glutamate receptor has been identified to play an important role in the consolidation and reconsolidation of appetitive memories. Certain memories, depending on what was learned, can function differently and can be more difficult to disrupt based on a number of factors. Currently, no study has examined whether or not a reward-predictive stimulus attributed with incentive value is more difficult to disrupt than a stimulus that functions as a general reward-predictor. To determine the role of …

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Buzzfeed To Behavior: In Search Of Sustainable Spillover From Happiness-Based Information Interventions, Leah Gerber Jan 2015

Buzzfeed To Behavior: In Search Of Sustainable Spillover From Happiness-Based Information Interventions, Leah Gerber

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

Humans go to great lengths to bolster happiness, whether it be for a t1eeting moment or for a more abiding sense of psychological well-being. Current research suggests that one way to increase human happiness is through spending time in nature (Zelenski & Nisbet, 2014). It is important to note that human happiness is a multifaceted construct, with both affective and cognitive components (Zelenski & Nisbet, 2014). In this study we aimed to examine both the affective and cognitive components of happiness-in other words, hedonic happiness and eudaimonic happiness-in order to add to the burgeoning body of literature that is environmental …

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Rural Clinicians’ Perceived Ethical Dilemmas: Relationships With Clinician Well-Being And Burnout, Amithea M. Love Jan 2015

Rural Clinicians’ Perceived Ethical Dilemmas: Relationships With Clinician Well-Being And Burnout, Amithea M. Love

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

Mental health clinicians are bound by professional ethics codes that are intended to ensure beneficence toward clients. When clinicians reside in rural areas, ethical dilemmas result from the distinct nature of rural life and clinical practice. Despite extant literature on the ethical dilemmas of rural practice, little research has examined the effect of ethical dilemmas on the social-emotional functioning of clinicians. In response to this need, the study investigated the relationships of frequency of and discomfort from ethical dilemmas on clinician social-emotional functioning. Participants were rural and small town clinicians (N = 60) between ages 24-65 and primarily Caucasian (83.3%), …

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Resilience To Trauma Throughout The Lifespan: Overcoming Child Sexual Abuse, Kaylee L. Curilla Jan 2015

Resilience To Trauma Throughout The Lifespan: Overcoming Child Sexual Abuse, Kaylee L. Curilla

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

This qualitative dissertation project explored how young-old adults have healed from the traumatic experience of being sexually abused in childhood. This project utilized an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to analyze themes across the young-old adults’ responses. Data collection consisted of interviewing six participants (age 51-58) who have had a history of child sexual abuse (CSA) from a loved one or other trusted individual and have felt that they have healed and demonstrated resiliency from the experience. Ten general themes emerged: (a) Getting older has helped me develop a better understanding and helped me to become less emotionally reactive; (b) After …

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Worlds Of Connection: A Hermeneutic Formulation Of The Interdisciplinary Relational Model Of Care, Susana Lauraine Mccune Jan 2015

Worlds Of Connection: A Hermeneutic Formulation Of The Interdisciplinary Relational Model Of Care, Susana Lauraine Mccune

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

Despite a general agreement across health care disciplines that Advanced Care Planning (ACP) and Advanced Directives (ADs) add important elements to a patient's end-of-life care desires, and can inform their loved ones and advocates, help create ease of mind, and enhance quality of care, they continue to remain significantly underused. More than half of Americans transition to chronic and terminal illness without having completed them. The aim of this study was to increase the frequency and enhance the quality of communication about Advance Directives and Advance Care Planning within the clinical relationship. The resulting Interdisciplinary Relational Model of Care (IRMOC) …

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A Narrative Study Of Emotions Associated With Negative Childhood Experiences Reported In The Adult Attachment Interview, Lynne Hartman Jan 2015

A Narrative Study Of Emotions Associated With Negative Childhood Experiences Reported In The Adult Attachment Interview, Lynne Hartman

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

Attachment patterns, which tend to be stable over time, are passed from one generation to the next. Secure attachment has been linked to adaptive social functioning and has been identified as a protective factor against mental illness. The parents’ state of mind with regard to attachment—as measured with the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) (Main, Goldwyn, & Hesse, 2002)—predicts the attachment classification for the infant in Ainsworth’s Strange Situation Procedure (Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, & Wall, 1978). Earned-secure individuals have overcome negative childhood experiences to achieve a secure state of mind in adulthood. Earned security, like continuous security, strongly predicts infant security …

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Finding Childcare For The Disabled Child: The Process And Decisions Through The Primary Caregiver’S Lens, Misty Dawn Torres Jan 2015

Finding Childcare For The Disabled Child: The Process And Decisions Through The Primary Caregiver’S Lens, Misty Dawn Torres

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

In this qualitative, Grounded Theory study, the researcher examined the process that primary caregivers go through when selecting a childcare placement for children who have special needs. Data were collected through participant interviews with primary caregivers (n=10) who responded to recruitment notices posted on (1) listservs by organizations directly affiliated with early intervention and child care services; (2) local Internet classified sites; and (3) through word of mouth. The research demonstrated that caregivers who learned of their child’s disability in a prenatal diagnosis or prior to an adoption identified with having a greater sense of choice and control over their …

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Ego Vs. Eq: How Top Leaders Beat 8 Ego Traps With Emotional Intelligence, Robert L. Overstreet Jan 2015

Ego Vs. Eq: How Top Leaders Beat 8 Ego Traps With Emotional Intelligence, Robert L. Overstreet

Journal of Applied Christian Leadership

"Shirkani expands both avenues of thinking by exploring how EQ and ego balance each other and by explaining how emotional intelligence can be used as a tool to avoid career derailment that can result from an uncontrolled ego. according to Shirkani, the leadership disappointment and failure rate is high, with two out of five cEOs failing to succeed in their first year and a half on the job. Shirkani explains the most common reasons for ineffectiveness in leadership by examining ego and providing tools and strategies that can help leaders raise their EQ, prevent leadership breaches, and thus avoid a …

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A Phenomenological Exploration Of The Experience Of Parenting Half-Siblings Within A Blended Family, Nicole Josephsen Jan 2015

A Phenomenological Exploration Of The Experience Of Parenting Half-Siblings Within A Blended Family, Nicole Josephsen

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

Blended families are a growing population and encompass a diversity of characteristics and family types. Among the different types of blended families are those with both stepchildren and mutual children. Research on the complex experience of parenting a mutual genetic child and a stepchild within a blended family is minimal. To better understand the unknown experience of such parents, this phenomenological study was conducted to provide an in depth description of the experience of simultaneously parenting mutual children and stepchildren within a blended family. In this phenomenological study the researcher conducted interviews with six participants who varied by gender, socioeconomic …

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Effects Of Negative Media On Evangelical Christians' Attitudes Toward Evangelism, Linda Hoover Jan 2015

Effects Of Negative Media On Evangelical Christians' Attitudes Toward Evangelism, Linda Hoover

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

This study examined how negative media influenced Evangelical Christians and their attitude toward evangelism practices. Using self-questionnaires, participants identified their level of in-group identification and type of internalized motivation for engaging in religious practices. After viewing a negative media clip about the professional football player, Tim Tebow, and his public expression of faith, 412 Evangelical Christians rated their fear of negative evaluation about engaging in evangelism. A control group of 31 participants completed questionnaires but received no media exposure. Consistent with previous research, the current study found that media exposure activated internalized social norms and feelings of oughtness, which were …

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Resilience In Relation To Consistency In Self-Concept In Adult Third Culture Kids (Atcks), Crystal Labass Jan 2015

Resilience In Relation To Consistency In Self-Concept In Adult Third Culture Kids (Atcks), Crystal Labass

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

The number of children raised in internationally mobile families (Third Culture Kids, or TCKs) is on the rise due to a growing trend towards globalization (Hoersting & Jenkins, 2011; Pollock & Van Reken, 2009). These individuals share numerous characteristics and a distinct cultural perspective (Pollock & Van Reken, 2009). A stepwise multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between resilience (as measured by the Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale), self-concept consistency (as measured by the Self Concept Clarity Scale), and the degree to which one has lived the TCK experience (as measured by the number of relocations experienced) in a …

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Character Strengths Of Students At Risk Of Dropping Out Of High School, Sarah Baker Jan 2015

Character Strengths Of Students At Risk Of Dropping Out Of High School, Sarah Baker

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

The goal of this study was to determine the participants' perceptions about what strengths at-risk students who follow through and graduate from high school have, using the conceptual framework of positive psychology, and its classification system of virtues and character strengths. To reveal the strengths of these students, this study used a qualitative methodology, interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA). In addition, the participants were asked to fill out a Likert scale survey to rate how frequently at-risk students who graduated employed each of the 24 VIA characteristics. The purpose of this study was to add to the under-researched area of identifying …

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Designing A Data-Tracking System For A Private Therapeutic Day School, Olin J. Bittner Jan 2015

Designing A Data-Tracking System For A Private Therapeutic Day School, Olin J. Bittner

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

The Children's Institute on Mercer Island (CHILD) is a private therapeutic day school in the Seattle area serving students in elementary and secondary education. Their stated mission is to "provide innovative school programs and therapies that promote social, emotional and academic development for children with special needs." In the fall of 2012 they engaged in a program evaluation that in many respects resembles a needs assessment in order to explore and improve aspects of their functioning. Through preliminary evaluation processes, including dialogue with CHILD's Leadership Team and a survey of internal stakeholders, an area of interest in student mental health …

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Relationship Between Psychological Well-Being And Perceived Wellness In Online Graduate Counselor Education Students, Wendy Merryman, Magy Martin, Don Martin Jan 2015

Relationship Between Psychological Well-Being And Perceived Wellness In Online Graduate Counselor Education Students, Wendy Merryman, Magy Martin, Don Martin

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Counselor well-being is an important contributor to the effectiveness of the therapeutic relationship. This study examined the relationship between psychological well-being and perceived wellness in a sample (N = 100) of graduate students enrolled in two online counselor training programs. The issue of personal counseling was also addressed in this study. Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between psychological well-being and perceived wellness.

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The Trouble With Truth-Telling: Preliminary Reflections On Truth And Justice In Post-War Liberia, Gabriel Twose Ph.D., Caitlin O. Mahoney Ph.D. Jan 2015

The Trouble With Truth-Telling: Preliminary Reflections On Truth And Justice In Post-War Liberia, Gabriel Twose Ph.D., Caitlin O. Mahoney Ph.D.

Peace and Conflict Studies

This study investigates perceptions of the Liberian Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), particularly focusing on understandings of, and the links between, truth, justice, and reconciliation. Forty-five semi-structured interviews were conducted at three research sites in Liberia. Findings indicate that although most Liberians agreed with the TRC in principle, most of those who followed its proceedings saw major problems in its implementation, harming perceptions of reconciliation. Participants expressed concerns that the Commission had failed to discover the full truth of wartime abuses, that the truth that was discovered was not told in the right way, and that there had been problems …

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Emerging Adulthood In North America: Identity Status And Perception Of Adulthood Among College Students From Canada And The United States, Karin Bartoszuk Jan 2015

Emerging Adulthood In North America: Identity Status And Perception Of Adulthood Among College Students From Canada And The United States, Karin Bartoszuk

ETSU Faculty Works

This study examined perceptions of adulthood and associations with identity status development among college students in Canada and the United States.

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Stability And Change: Stress Responses And The Shaping Of Behavioral Phenotypes Over The Life Span, Michael B. Hennessy, Sylvia Kaiser, Tobias Tiedtke, Norbert Sachser Jan 2015

Stability And Change: Stress Responses And The Shaping Of Behavioral Phenotypes Over The Life Span, Michael B. Hennessy, Sylvia Kaiser, Tobias Tiedtke, Norbert Sachser

Psychology Faculty Publications

In mammals, maternal signals conveyed via influences on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activity may shape behavior of the young to be better adapted for prevailing environmental conditions. However, the mother's influence extends beyond classic stress response systems. In guinea pigs, several hours (h) of separation from the mother activates not only the HPA axis, but also the innate immune system, which effects immediate behavioral change, as well as modifies behavioral responsiveness in the future. Moreover, the presence of the mother potently suppresses the behavioral consequences of this innate immune activation. These findings raise the possibility that long-term adaptive behavioral change can be …

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Domestication Affects The Structure, Development And Stability Of Biobehavioural Profiles, Sylvia Kaiser, Michael B. Hennessy, Norbert Sachser Jan 2015

Domestication Affects The Structure, Development And Stability Of Biobehavioural Profiles, Sylvia Kaiser, Michael B. Hennessy, Norbert Sachser

Psychology Faculty Publications

Domestication is an evolutionary process during which the biobehavioural profile (comprising e.g. social and emotional behaviour, cognitive abilities, as well as hormonal stress responses) is substantially reshaped. Using a comparative approach, and focusing mainly on the domestic and wild guinea pig, an established model system for the study of domestication, we review (a) how wild and domestic animals of the same species differ in behaviour, emotion, cognition, and hormonal stress responses, (b) during which phases of life differences in biobehavioural profiles emerge and (c) whether or not animal personalities exist in both the wild and domestic form. Concerning (a), typical …

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Predicting Trust Dynamics And Transfer Of Learning In Games Of Strategic Interaction As A Function Of A Player’S Strategy And Level Of Trustworthiness, Michael Collins, Ion Juvina, Gary R. Douglas, Kevin A. Gluck Jan 2015

Predicting Trust Dynamics And Transfer Of Learning In Games Of Strategic Interaction As A Function Of A Player’S Strategy And Level Of Trustworthiness, Michael Collins, Ion Juvina, Gary R. Douglas, Kevin A. Gluck

Psychology Faculty Publications

Individuals playing a sequence of different games have shown to learn about the other player’s behavior during their initial interaction and apply this knowledge when playing another game with the same individual in the future. Here we use a published computational cognitive model to generate predictions for an upcoming human study. The model plays both Prisoner’s Dilemma and Chicken Game with a confederate agent who uses one of two predetermined strategies and whose level of trustworthiness is manipulated. We go beyond the standard postdictive practice and adopt the increasingly popular practice of using the model to make a priori predictions …

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