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2015

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Articles 2221 - 2250 of 3072

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Key Generalization Of Recognition Memory For Melodies, Abigail Lincoln Kleinsmith Jan 2015

Key Generalization Of Recognition Memory For Melodies, Abigail Lincoln Kleinsmith

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

People easily recognize a melody in a previously unheard key, but they also retain some key-specific information. I tested the hypothesis that individuals compare novel melodies to a memory “prototype” representing the central tendency of experienced exemplars. Participants were familiarized with a monotonic eight-note melody in two closely separated keys and tested for discrimination of that melody from others. Test and foil melodies included ones that were the “average” of pitch heights and ones that were more distant in pitch height. Hit rates and discriminability (d') were better for physically closer keys than for harmonically related keys. In follow-up experiments, …

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The Relationship Of Disability Status On Attendance, Behavior, And Achievement Indicators For Students Receiving Intensive School-Based Mental Health Counseling, Meghan Morris Deyoe Jan 2015

The Relationship Of Disability Status On Attendance, Behavior, And Achievement Indicators For Students Receiving Intensive School-Based Mental Health Counseling, Meghan Morris Deyoe

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This causal comparative study investigated the relationship of an identified disability (IDEA declared vs. non-declared) on success outcomes for sixth through twelfth grade at-risk students enrolled in a school-based mental health program. Outcome variables included: selected attendance, behavior, and achievement indicators for students who were enrolled in and received intensive school-based counseling.

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Linking Goal Perceptions To Employee Performance In The Public Sector : Assessing The Mediating Role Of Psychological Empowerment And The Moderating Role Of Work Context, Jaehee Jong Jan 2015

Linking Goal Perceptions To Employee Performance In The Public Sector : Assessing The Mediating Role Of Psychological Empowerment And The Moderating Role Of Work Context, Jaehee Jong

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

A substantial number of management and psychology studies have examined the positive effect of goal setting on organizational outcomes (Locke & Latham, 1990, 2002). Conceptually, goal setting theory is as applicable for motivating an employee in the public sector as it is for motivating an employee in the private sector (Latham, Borgogni, & Petitta, 2008). There have, however, been relatively few studies that have examined employee motivation as a linking mechanism between goal setting and employee performance in the context of public sector organizations (Perry, Mesch, & Paarlberg, 2006; Wright, 2001, 2004). In addition to suggesting the motivational mechanism underlying …

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The Effects Of Individual Cultural Differences On Reactions To 360-Degree Feedback, Kimberly Lepore Jan 2015

The Effects Of Individual Cultural Differences On Reactions To 360-Degree Feedback, Kimberly Lepore

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This study examined the effects of individual-level cultural values (i.e. self-construal and power distance orientation) on reactions to 360-degree feedback. This study also explored the extent to which the sign of the feedback, either negative or positive, influenced ratings of feedback acceptance. It was proposed that the 360-degree feedback design would elicit more positive reactions to the feedback in individuals with a higher independent self-construal and lower power distance orientation. Similar findings have been supported by Shipper, Hoffman, and Rotondo (2007) using comparable cultural dimensions, but at the national level. It was also proposed that positive, rather than negative, feedback …

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Burnout-Depression Overlap: A Review, Renzo Bianchi, Irvin Sam Schonfeld, Eric Laurent Jan 2015

Burnout-Depression Overlap: A Review, Renzo Bianchi, Irvin Sam Schonfeld, Eric Laurent

Publications and Research

Whether burnout is a form of depression or a distinct phenomenon is an object of controversy. The aim of the present article was to provide an up-to-date review of the literature dedicated to the question of burnout–depression overlap. A systematic literature search was carried out in PubMed, PsycINFO, and IngentaConnect. A total of 92 studies were identified as informing the issue of burnout–depression overlap. The current state of the art suggests that the distinction between burnout and depression is conceptually fragile. It is notably unclear how the state of burnout (i.e., the end stage …

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Predicting Antidepressant Treatment Without Controlling For Depression Is Ill-Advised, Renzo Bianchi, Irvin Sam Schonfeld, Eric Laurent Jan 2015

Predicting Antidepressant Treatment Without Controlling For Depression Is Ill-Advised, Renzo Bianchi, Irvin Sam Schonfeld, Eric Laurent

Publications and Research

All in all, the link observed by Madsen et al. (2015) between burnout and antidepressant intake may well conceal an expected relationship between depression and antidepressant intake. The impossibility of ruling out this reasonable alternative hypothesis renders the study inconclusive. We recommend that future research on (psychotherapeutic or pharmacologic) treatments for burnout incorporate measures of depression in order to facilitate research advance on burnout's characterization and burnout-depression overlap.

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Musical Stairs: Encouraging Physical Activity Through Persuasive Technology, Meagan Combs 15 Jan 2015

Musical Stairs: Encouraging Physical Activity Through Persuasive Technology, Meagan Combs 15

Honor Scholar Theses

This study examined persuasive technology and its effect on participants’ motivation to engage in physical activity. A set of musical stairs was built using infrared proximity sensors, designed to make the experience of climbing the stairs more “fun”. The software was written in such a way that each step a participant took on the stairs provided a musical response. The experiment tested three conditions: the control condition (without sounds), a condition with piano note sounds, and a condition with guitar chord sounds. The results suggest that more participants interacted with the stairs during the conditions with sound compared to the …

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Effects Of A Workplace Intervention Targeting Psychosocial Risk Factors On Safety And Health Outcomes, Leslie B. Hammer, Donald M. Truxillo, Todd Bodner, Jennifer Rae Rineer, Amy C. Pytlovany, Amy Richman Jan 2015

Effects Of A Workplace Intervention Targeting Psychosocial Risk Factors On Safety And Health Outcomes, Leslie B. Hammer, Donald M. Truxillo, Todd Bodner, Jennifer Rae Rineer, Amy C. Pytlovany, Amy Richman

Psychology Faculty Publications and Presentations

The goal of this study was to test the effectiveness of a workplace intervention targeting work-life stress and safety-related psychosocial risk factors on health and safety outcomes. Data were collected over time using a randomized control trial design with 264 construction workers employed in an urban municipal department. The intervention involved family- and safety-supportive supervisor behavior training (computer-based), followed by two weeks of behavior tracking and a four-hour, facilitated team effectiveness session including supervisors and employees. A significant positive intervention effect was found for an objective measure of blood pressure at the 12-month follow-up. However, no significant intervention results were …

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A Marathon, Not A Sprint: The Benefits Of Taking Time To Recover From Work Demands, Charlotte Fritz, Allison Marie Ellis Jan 2015

A Marathon, Not A Sprint: The Benefits Of Taking Time To Recover From Work Demands, Charlotte Fritz, Allison Marie Ellis

Psychology Faculty Publications and Presentations

“Are you binge working?” was the title of a recent NBC News article14 de-scribing recent cases in which people reported working as many as three days straight without any breaks, and in some cases literally dying as a result. Although cases like these are extreme, they point to a growing trend in today’s workplace—one that suggests employees are working longer hours, coping with increasing work demands, and readily adopting technology that tethers them to their work 24/7. Coupled with a working culture that equates face time and being “always on” with high job com-mitment, we’re left—perhaps not surprisingly—with a workforce …

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Central And Peripheral Contributions To Dynamic Changes In Nucleus Accumbens Glucose Induced By Intravenous Cocaine, Ken Wakabayashi, Eugene A. Kiyatkin Jan 2015

Central And Peripheral Contributions To Dynamic Changes In Nucleus Accumbens Glucose Induced By Intravenous Cocaine, Ken Wakabayashi, Eugene A. Kiyatkin

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The pattern of neural, physiological and behavioral effects induced by cocaine is consistent with metabolic neural activation, yet direct attempts to evaluate central metabolic effects of this drug have produced controversial results. Here, we used enzyme-based glucose sensors coupled with high-speed amperometry in freely moving rats to examine how intravenous cocaine at a behaviorally active dose affects extracellular glucose levels in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a critical structure within the motivation-reinforcement circuit. In drug-naive rats, cocaine induced a bimodal increase in glucose, with the first, ultra-fast phasic rise appearing during the injection (latency 6–8s; ∼50μM or ∼5% of baseline) followed …

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An Exploration Of Burnout In Individuals With Type D Personality, Carla A. Kelly Jan 2015

An Exploration Of Burnout In Individuals With Type D Personality, Carla A. Kelly

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

There are numerous physical and mental health implications associated with burnout and Type D personality (TDP). TDP is defined by the presence of specific levels of both negative affectivity and social inhibition. The purpose of this research was to examine the severity and prevalence of burnout in working adults with TDP in comparison to those without TDP. Social cognitive theory was the theoretical foundation for this study. Online surveys were used to gather responses to the Type D Scale-14 (DS14), the standard for measure for assessing TDP, and the Burnout Measure, Short Version (BMS) from 333 participants. Quantitative analyses included …

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The Disparity Of Racial Diversity In Counselor Education And Supervision, Sharon Hammett Webb Jan 2015

The Disparity Of Racial Diversity In Counselor Education And Supervision, Sharon Hammett Webb

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In general, doctoral programs in counselor education and supervision (CES) have low minority enrollments. Faculty members in clinical mental health counseling (CMHC) master's degree in science (MS) programs primarily come from CES doctoral programs; therefore, faculty members do not generally reflect the diversity of the MS student population. Using the theory of planned behavior and the bioecological model, the purpose of this research was to determine the extent to which age, gender, faculty support, income, level of parents' or primary caregivers' education, and the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) accreditation status predict White and racial …

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Interaction Of Coping And Severity Of Stressor From An Acceptance And Commitment Therapy Conceptualization, Nadia Nicole Bethley Jan 2015

Interaction Of Coping And Severity Of Stressor From An Acceptance And Commitment Therapy Conceptualization, Nadia Nicole Bethley

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

According to recent data released by the American College Health Association, 51.5% of college students reported feeling more than average or tremendous stress within the past 12 months (42% and 9.5%, respectively) (ACHA, 2012). People engage in coping strategies when stressed that can affect their perceived psychological distress differently. Strategies associated with psychological flexibility (e.g., acceptance and behavioral activation) are associated with more positive outcomes (e.g., Ruiz, 2010; Sturmey, 2009), while psychologically inflexible strategies (e.g., suppression and avoidance) have been linked to greater psychological distress (e.g., Marcks & Woods, 2005; Hayes et al, 2006). Within the psychological flexibility model, few …

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Examining The Relationship Between Sexual Want, Sexual Consent, And Sexual Assertiveness, Marie Darden Jan 2015

Examining The Relationship Between Sexual Want, Sexual Consent, And Sexual Assertiveness, Marie Darden

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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The Effect Of Cooperative Gameplay On Aggression And Prosociality In Violent Video Game Play, Jeremiah Nathaniel Beene Jan 2015

The Effect Of Cooperative Gameplay On Aggression And Prosociality In Violent Video Game Play, Jeremiah Nathaniel Beene

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The aim of this study was to determine what impact (if any) the context (isolated vs. social) of playing different types (violent vs. non-violent) of video games have on people's aggression and positive social behaviors. Participants were randomly assigned to play either a violent video game or a non-violent video game in an isolated context or with another player for 30 minutes, after which they completed the same questionnaires again. Data were then collected on behavioral tasks measuring aggression and prosociality. This experiment failed to find significant effects of violent video game exposure on aggression. Participants who played a violent …

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The Role Of Fear Of Pain In Headache, Anna Katherine Black Jan 2015

The Role Of Fear Of Pain In Headache, Anna Katherine Black

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Recurrent headache sufferers are often fearful of pain, which disrupts cognitive thought processes, interferes with daily activities, and may maintain headache-related disability through avoidance and associated negative reinforcement. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to 1) examine differences in fear of pain between headache sufferers and non-headache controls; 2) examine differences in fear of pain across primary headache diagnostic groups; 3) assess the extent to which fear of pain predicts headache variables (e.g., severity, frequency, disability); and 4) determine whether fear of pain mediates the relationship between pain severity and headache-related disability. The sample consisted of 908 young adults …

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Meaning In Life And Self-Efficacy's Relationship To Depression, Anxiety, And Stress: A Study Of Coastal Residents Affected By The Gulf Oil Spill, Brandy Baczwaski Jan 2015

Meaning In Life And Self-Efficacy's Relationship To Depression, Anxiety, And Stress: A Study Of Coastal Residents Affected By The Gulf Oil Spill, Brandy Baczwaski

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

On April 20, 2010, the Deepwater Horizon Oil Platform exploded, killing 11 people and spilling approximately 210 million gallons of oil into the Gulf of Mexico over the following months. Disasters such as the Gulf Oil Spill affect individuals in many ways, including the possible onset of psychological issues such as depression, anxiety, and stress. Because mental health effects are comfollowing a disaster, it is important to understand potential protective factors that may decrease the risk of negative consequences related to disaster events. The presence and severity of psychological distress, as well as the method of coping, varies between individuals …

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Migraine Screening Among A Non-Clinical Sample, Ashli Brooke Walters Jan 2015

Migraine Screening Among A Non-Clinical Sample, Ashli Brooke Walters

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Migraine is a commonly-occurring primary headache disorder that can be extremely disabling. Despite its prevalence and impact, migraine remains under-recognized and under-treated. The US Headache Consortium recommended validated screening measures as one way to improve headache diagnosis. Previous studies have sought to determine optimal symptom algorithms for differentiating migraine from other types of headache or to validate migraine screening measures, but few studies have attempted to do both. The current study attempted to statistically determine the most sensitive and specific symptoms for differentiating between migraine and other headache and validate the resulting symptom algorithm as a screening measure. Young adults …

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Training Emotion Recognition Skills In Children On The Autism Spectrum Using Derived Relational Responding, Kerry Catherine Whiteman Jan 2015

Training Emotion Recognition Skills In Children On The Autism Spectrum Using Derived Relational Responding, Kerry Catherine Whiteman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Prior research on traditional emotion recognition training with individuals on the autism spectrum has shown improvement in skills. However, only a handful of studies have demonstrated generalization of skills to novel stimuli and contexts. The application of derived relational responding to interventions has been shown to be an efficient and effective way of producing generalized behaviors in both typically developing and developmentally delayed populations (Healy, Barnes-Holmes, & Smeets, 2000; Rehfeldt & Barnes-Holmes, 2009). The present study was designed to obtain preliminary data on the effectiveness of emotion recognition training that includes derived relational responding. Three Caucasian children (aged 12-15 years …

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12-Item Depression, Anxiety, And Stress Scales (Dass-12): Associations With Self-Report Measures, A Semi-Strcutured Interview, And Behavioral Tasks, Eu Gene Chin Jan 2015

12-Item Depression, Anxiety, And Stress Scales (Dass-12): Associations With Self-Report Measures, A Semi-Strcutured Interview, And Behavioral Tasks, Eu Gene Chin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

To date, only one study has examined the psychometric properties of the 12-item depression, anxiety, and stress scales (DASS). Moreover, all psychometric studies conducted with the DASS-21 have focused narrowly on associations with semi-structured interviews and other relevant self-report measures. In order to address these limitations, I proposed to diversify the ways in which we examine the DASS instrument (for both the 12- and 21-item versions). First, I examined the extent to which the DASS instrument is able to predict responses to behavioral tasks and whether the DASS was able to produce hypothesized convergent and divergent relationships with relevant self-report …

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A Decision Tree Approach To The Assessment Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Regan Stewart Jan 2015

A Decision Tree Approach To The Assessment Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Regan Stewart

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Structured diagnostic interviews are widely considered to be the optimal method of assessing symptoms of posttraumatic stress; however few clinicians report using structured assessments to guide clinical practice. One key impediment to the use of structured assessments in clinical practice is the amount of time required for test administration and interpretation. Thus, the present research conducted an initial feasibility study using a normative sample of college-aged adults (n = 88) to develop an assessment protocol based on the clinician administered PTSD scale (caps). Decision tree analysis was utilized to identify a subset of predictor variables within the 17 caps symptom …

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Cannabinoid Modulation Of Cisplatin Induced Neuropathy, Hannah Marie Harris Jan 2015

Cannabinoid Modulation Of Cisplatin Induced Neuropathy, Hannah Marie Harris

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Endocannabinoid modulation of cancer-related pain is well-documented. Sativex, a cannabinoid extract with a 1:1 ratio of tetrahydrocannabinol (thc) and cannabidiol (cbd) has been shown to alleviate neuropathic pain associated with chemotherapy. This research examined whether thc or cbd alone is effective in attenuating or preventing tactile allodynia associated with cisplatin-administration. Mice (c57bl/6) were given eight doses of 2.3 mg/kg cisplatin or saline solution ip every second day to induce tactile allodynia (ringers on alternate days). Tactile responses to hind-paws were quantified in g of force using an electric von frey (evf) prior to (baseline) and after the cisplatin administration protocol. …

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The Role Of Self-Blame And Resilience In Psychosocial Outcomes In College Students Who Engage In Cyberbullying, Jennifer Rose Bailey Jan 2015

The Role Of Self-Blame And Resilience In Psychosocial Outcomes In College Students Who Engage In Cyberbullying, Jennifer Rose Bailey

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Bullying behaviors (traditional and cyber) are often associated with adverse long-term consequences. As a result of an increase in technology use, traditional bullying has gradually expanded to include cyberbullying. While research in the area of cyberbullying is relatively new, current evidence suggests that cyberbullying is a pervasive problem from childhood into adulthood, and is associated with long-term detrimental effects for bullies, victims, and bully-victims. Research also suggests that self-blame, the tendency to view life events as being within an individual’s control may exacerbate the development and intensity of psychological symptoms (e.g., anxiety, depression) that may result from experiencing stressful events. …

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Development And Validation Of An Instrument To Measure Moral Distress Among Counselors Working With Children And Adolescents, Ian Scott Turnage-Butterbaugh Jan 2015

Development And Validation Of An Instrument To Measure Moral Distress Among Counselors Working With Children And Adolescents, Ian Scott Turnage-Butterbaugh

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Falender and Shafranske (2004) stated it is “essential for clinicians to develop and understanding of all the influences, from conscious beliefs and culturally embedded values to unresolved conflicts at the margin of awareness, that contribute to clinical practice” (p. 81). The purpose of this study was to meet this professional imperative by developing an instrument designed to assess moral distress among counselors working with children and/or adolescents. Using open-ended surveys and semi-structured interviews, detailed descriptions of participants’ experiences of moral distress were obtained in order to gain an initial understanding of the ways in which the phenomeonon is experienced in …

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Predictors Of Readmission In Shelters And Other Services Among Homeless Adults In Detroit, Devin Michael Hanson Jan 2015

Predictors Of Readmission In Shelters And Other Services Among Homeless Adults In Detroit, Devin Michael Hanson

Wayne State University Theses

Admission to an emergency shelter reflects an important outcome in a person's life, and many admissions to an emergency shelter reflects a human and financial cost. This article discusses the evolution of the measurement and understanding of homelessness. It looks at characteristics of people who make use of shelter in a chronic fashion to better understand what might predict risk for future continued use. This includes an analysis of a large dataset of emergency shelter utilization in Detroit Michigan collected between 2008 and 2012. Analysis reveals that fundamental demographic information, individual's interactions with the shelter system (good or bad), and …

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Secure Base Scriptedness, Psychological Health And Wellbeing In Urban Youth, Patricia Richardson Jan 2015

Secure Base Scriptedness, Psychological Health And Wellbeing In Urban Youth, Patricia Richardson

Wayne State University Theses

This study examined the empirical utility of the Attachment Script Assessment (ASA), a novel indicator of adolescent secure base script knowledge, with socioeconomically disadvantaged, African-American youth. It was hypothesized that secure base knowledge would buffer the effect of trauma exposure on youth emotional and behavioral problems. The sample included 83 adolescent (ages 13-18) caregiver dyads that participated in a larger study examining adolescent health behaviors. Results revealed preliminary empirical support for the utility of the ASA with this sample, as evidenced by expected inverse correlations with another well-established measure of attachment. Results indicated that there was not sufficient evidence to …

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Sexual Assault Severity And Health Outcomes Among African American And Caucasian Victims, Sheri Elizabeth Pegram Jan 2015

Sexual Assault Severity And Health Outcomes Among African American And Caucasian Victims, Sheri Elizabeth Pegram

Wayne State University Theses

Although they share many similarities in their recovery outcomes, African American and Caucasian victims likely differ in their conceptualizations of and responses to sexual assault. However, few studies have examined post-assault health outcomes based on ethnicity. Using Neville and Heppner's (1999) culturally inclusive ecological model, this study contributes to this gap in the literature with a community sample of 221 sexual assault victims. Although the path model was generally similar for African American and Caucasian women, there were notable differences. Multi-group comparison analysis indicated that ethnicity moderated the relationship between assault severity and depressive symptoms, such that the relationship was …

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Maternal Emotion Regulation And Expressivity As Predictors Of Positive Parenting In Low-Income Families, Laura Michelle Crespo Jan 2015

Maternal Emotion Regulation And Expressivity As Predictors Of Positive Parenting In Low-Income Families, Laura Michelle Crespo

Wayne State University Theses

Positive parenting has been associated with various adaptive childhood outcomes involving healthy cognitive, social, and emotional development (Fuligni & Brooks-Gunn, 2013; Roggman, Cook, Innocenti, Jump, & Christiansen, 2013). There is less research, however, on which factors contribute to the parents' use of positive parenting strategies. Some evidence suggests that factors such as the parents' emotional competencies, along with the child's temperament and the family environment, influence parenting behaviors (Belsky, 1984). This study explored predictors of positive parenting, including maternal emotion expressivity and emotion regulation, child temperament traits, maternal cognitive ability, maternal perception of social support, and single parenting. Participants were …

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Similarities And Differences Between Heterosexual And Homosexual Couples Based On Marq Data, Kraig S. Shattuck Jan 2015

Similarities And Differences Between Heterosexual And Homosexual Couples Based On Marq Data, Kraig S. Shattuck

Wayne State University Theses

There has been a lack of comparative research on homosexual couples, comparing them to heterosexual couples, which is also grounded in solid theory. In order to remedy this, evolutionary theory is used to make predictions on similarities and differences between heterosexual and homosexual couples within three domains, relationship satisfaction, jealousy, and mate guarding. It was predicted that 1) homosexual couples would not differ from heterosexual couples in relationship satisfaction; 2) some gender differences relating to jealousy would be the same and some would be reversed in homosexual individuals; 3) mate guarding would be present, but lower, in homosexual individuals as …

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Stress Exposure, Secure Base Scriptedness, Psychosocial Needs Satisfaction And Behavioral Problems Among At-Risk Urban Adolescents, Kelsey Sala-Hamrick Jan 2015

Stress Exposure, Secure Base Scriptedness, Psychosocial Needs Satisfaction And Behavioral Problems Among At-Risk Urban Adolescents, Kelsey Sala-Hamrick

Wayne State University Theses

The adolescent period of development is associated with increases in internalizing, externalizing, and other problem behaviors which are thought to be exacerbated by cumulative risk factors associated with environmental disadvantage. Previous research has demonstrated the associations between both secure attachment and psychosocial needs satisfaction with decreases in behavior problems; however, few studies have examined the relative effects of environmental stress exposure, attachment security and psychosocial needs satisfaction on adolescent behavioral problems. Therefore, this study recruited 106 environmentally at-risk, socioeconomically disadvantaged sample of urban adolescents and their caregivers from Detroit, MI in order to: (1) describe the levels of environmental disadvantage …

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