Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Psychology Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

2014

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 991 - 1020 of 2661

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Attenuating The Attentional Blink And Its Consequences: Support For The Wyble-Bowman-Nieuwenstien Model, Samantha Riane Debes May 2014

Attenuating The Attentional Blink And Its Consequences: Support For The Wyble-Bowman-Nieuwenstien Model, Samantha Riane Debes

Renée Crown University Honors Thesis Projects - All

When participants are asked to detect two targets (T1 and T2) in a stream of rapidly presented visual stimuli, T2 accuracy decreases when it follows T1 by 200 ms to 500 ms, a phenomenon known as the attentional blink (AB). Researchers have been attempting to attenuate the AB through experimental manipulations in order to understand temporal processing in the visual domain. Studies that have successfully attenuated the blink have often (but not always) done so using a concurrent task. One current model of visual temporal attention, the Wyble-Bowman-Nieuwenstien model (2009) suggests that a byproduct of the attenuation of the attentional …

Go to article

The Threat Of An Innocent Victim: How Perspective-Taking And Mood Affect Perceptions Of Victims, Reid A. Searls May 2014

The Threat Of An Innocent Victim: How Perspective-Taking And Mood Affect Perceptions Of Victims, Reid A. Searls

Renée Crown University Honors Thesis Projects - All

Previous research on the phenomenon of victim blaming indicates a significant interaction of just-world beliefs and perspective-taking, such that imagining oneself in the situation of a victim causes a significant threat to the self. This in turn leads to moral judgments that reduce this threat and restore just-world beliefs. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of mood on individual tendencies to blame victims of human trafficking. While the results failed to fully support the connection between mood, perspective, just-world beliefs, and blame, a weak, though significant, relationship was found between just-world beliefs and victim blame. Implications …

Go to article

The Reversal Effects Of Curcumin, An Herbal Remedy, On The Impairments Induced By Vmat-2 Inhibitor Tetrabenazine, Emily Qian, Samantha E. Yohn May 2014

The Reversal Effects Of Curcumin, An Herbal Remedy, On The Impairments Induced By Vmat-2 Inhibitor Tetrabenazine, Emily Qian, Samantha E. Yohn

Honors Scholar Theses

Substantial evidence has shown that dopamine (DA), particularly in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), is involved in behavioral activation and effort-related processes, such as overcoming work related response costs. Interference with accumbens DA transmission through administration of the vesicular monoamine transportor-2 (VMAT-2) inhibitor tetrabenazine (TBZ) produces an alteration of response allocation in the concurrent FR5/chow choice procedure, biasing animals toward the lower effort alternative. It has been suggested that these drug-induced shifts in effort-related choice behavior seen in rodents are analogous to symptoms such as psychomotor retardation, anergia, and fatigue, which can be observed in people with depression and other related …

Go to article

Evaluation Of Video Modeling To Teach Children Diagnosed With Asd To Avoid Poison Hazards, Shannon Eileen King May 2014

Evaluation Of Video Modeling To Teach Children Diagnosed With Asd To Avoid Poison Hazards, Shannon Eileen King

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Accidental poisonings are one of the leading safety threats for young children, so it is important to teach children to avoid ingesting poisonous substances. Research has shown that behavioral skills training (BST) and in situ training (IST) are effective in teaching children safety skills to prevent gun play, abduction, and poison ingestion. However, little research on safety skills has been conducted with children with autism. Video modeling has been shown to be effective in teaching abduction prevention skills to children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of video modeling to …

Go to article

Responding To Trauma: Help-Seeking Behavior And Posttraumatic Growth In A College Sample, Aaron J. Burrick May 2014

Responding To Trauma: Help-Seeking Behavior And Posttraumatic Growth In A College Sample, Aaron J. Burrick

Honors Scholar Theses

Research indicates that traumatic experiences can impact college students’ mental health, academic abilities, and relationships with peers. Trauma and associated symptoms of PTSD can lower students’ well-being and increase the risk of withdrawing from the university. Research also emphasizes the importance of psychological help-seeking as a way to experience posttraumatic growth. This study examines traumatic experiences, help-seeking attitudes, barriers, and behaviors, and posttraumatic growth in a sample of 168 undergraduate college students. Results indicated an overwhelming preference for informal help-seeking resources and the importance of traumatic severity in the decision to seek help. Additionally, female participants reported greater traumatic severity …

Go to article

Toward A Theory Of Practical Drift In Teams, Tiffany Bisbey May 2014

Toward A Theory Of Practical Drift In Teams, Tiffany Bisbey

HIM 1990-2015

Practical drift is defined as the unintentional adaptation of routine behaviors from written procedure. The occurrence of practical drift can result in catastrophic disaster in high-reliability organizations (e.g. the military, emergency medicine, space exploration). Given the lack of empirical research on practical drift, this research sought to develop a better understanding by investigating ways to assess and stop the process in high-reliability organizations. An introductory literature review was conducted to investigate the variables that play a role in the occurrence of practical drift in teams. Research was guided by the input-throughput-output model of team adaptation posed by Burke, Stagl, Salas, …

Go to article

The Universal Design Paradigm: An Examination Of Real-Time, C-Print, Meaning-For-Meaning Transcription And Individual Differences In Learning, Amanda Boone May 2014

The Universal Design Paradigm: An Examination Of Real-Time, C-Print, Meaning-For-Meaning Transcription And Individual Differences In Learning, Amanda Boone

HIM 1990-2015

The intent of this thesis is to guide further research and discussion of C-Print, meaning-for-meaning transcription and its applications to today’s dynamic classroom settings under a Universal Design Paradigm. Evidence suggests that providing these captions can benefit Deaf and Hard of Hearing populations and also that concise, textual representations of information increase retention for average learners in multimedia settings. Individual differences were considered and low internal control participants did significantly better on exams when material was captioned compared to when it was not. They also tended to outperform high internal control participants on captioned material exams.

Go to article

Music Preference As A Mediator Between Ethnicity And Perceptions Of Acceptability And Harm With Substance Use, Deedra De Kemper May 2014

Music Preference As A Mediator Between Ethnicity And Perceptions Of Acceptability And Harm With Substance Use, Deedra De Kemper

HIM 1990-2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the interaction between substance use messages in music media and how it impacts perception of substance and current substance use for different ethnicities. Four hundred and eighty four participants were recruited from a large southeastern university. Participant ethnicities included Caucasian, Hispanic, African American and Asian. This study examined frequency of substance use messages in popular music lyrics and music videos, along with participant self-reported ethnicity and, rates of substance use and perceived risk from substance use. Differences in perception of risk and current substance use were indicated between Caucasian and African American …

Go to article

Exploring The Correlation Between Theory Of Mind And Drive For Thinness, Sarah Hudak May 2014

Exploring The Correlation Between Theory Of Mind And Drive For Thinness, Sarah Hudak

HIM 1990-2015

Research suggests that, similar to individuals with an Autism Spectrum Disorder, people with Anorexia Nervosa demonstrate an inability to utilize Theory of Mind concepts. Theory of Mind allows healthy control populations to attribute mental states to others by accurately predicting and understanding the behavior of others. This study's intent was to further explore the relationship between eating disorders and Theory of Mind. Using an online survey management system (Qualtrics), 210 female students from a large metropolitan southeastern university completed the Drive for Thinness subscale of the Eating Disorder Inventory and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes task. It was …

Go to article

The Relationship Among Previous Exposure To War And Conflict, Acculturation, And Identity Formation Among Adolescent Refugees, Jessica Guler May 2014

The Relationship Among Previous Exposure To War And Conflict, Acculturation, And Identity Formation Among Adolescent Refugees, Jessica Guler

HIM 1990-2015

This thesis examines the relationship among previous exposure to war and conflict, acculturation, and identity formation among adolescent refugees. It was hypothesized that US acculturation would mediate the association between exposure to war and conflict and identity development among adolescent refugees. Participants included 33 adolescent refugees (16 males and 17 females) ranging in age between 11 and 17 years (M = 14.61, SD = 1.48), who were recruited through a refugee resettlement service provider located in Orlando, Florida. Country of origin included Cuba (n = 25), Iraq (n = 4), Jordan (n =1), Haiti (n =1), Colombia (n =1), and …

Go to article

A Study On The Perception Of Brain Games And Their Effect On Memory And Cognitive Skills, Sheila Heiman May 2014

A Study On The Perception Of Brain Games And Their Effect On Memory And Cognitive Skills, Sheila Heiman

HIM 1990-2015

In this thesis, a literature review was conducted in order to analyze the numerous sources that investigated the effects memory games may have on participants. Each study covered different scopes and methods in the field of cognitive improvement, which gave way to a variety of results used to create a comprehensive literature review. The experiments included in the literature review gathered evidence to find the effect that “brain” games had on memory and cognitive skills. An explanation and analysis were made on the brain’s deterioration as it ages and the varying amounts of plasticity it contains. The overall perspective gained …

Go to article

Spatial Schema Transfers To Similar Place: A Case Of Disney Theme Parks, Daphne Kopel May 2014

Spatial Schema Transfers To Similar Place: A Case Of Disney Theme Parks, Daphne Kopel

HIM 1990-2015

The intent of this thesis is to explore whether an existing spatial schema assists with learning a similar environment to the existing schema. Spatially experienced and non-experienced participants of Magic Kingdom Park learned a similar park, Disneyland Park, using a virtual environment. Participants learned the virtual environment either passively or actively. Spatially experienced participants outperformed the non-experienced participants on survey and route knowledge assessments, despite of the training method used in the virtual environment. The results suggest that the existing schema for a similar place transfers to the new environment regardless of passive or active training.

Go to article

Toward A Model Of Team Decision Making Under Stress, Alyssa Marshall May 2014

Toward A Model Of Team Decision Making Under Stress, Alyssa Marshall

HIM 1990-2015

Today's organizations are increasingly relying on teams, rather than individuals, to complete tasks in the workplace. For some teams, these tasks require them to make high stakes decisions under stressful conditions. In military, medical, and emergency response fields, for example, workers are regularly asked to make decisions under high time pressure, uncertainty, and risk. The purpose of this study is to summarize previous team decision-making perspectives and create a model for team decision-making under stress. A literature review was conducted to examine the current state of team decision-making research. Several existing models of the team decision-making process were identified, representing …

Go to article

The Effects Of Life Values Among Non-Psychedelic Drug Users And Psychedelic Drug Users: A Comparison Study On Life Values, Lin Peng May 2014

The Effects Of Life Values Among Non-Psychedelic Drug Users And Psychedelic Drug Users: A Comparison Study On Life Values, Lin Peng

HIM 1990-2015

The intent of this study was to compare life value differences using the Life Values Inventory. Differences among non-psychedelic users and psychedelic users were examined. Participants, ranging from age 18 to 48 from the University of Central Florida (UCF), a large state university, were recruited on a voluntarily basis. This was primarily done through online message board, the Sona System, and classroom announcements. The study was presented through the Sona System provided by UCF. In addition, all participants were students of the university. Results indicated significant differences among three out of 14 life values measured. The three life values that …

Go to article

Shared Leadership And Team Satisfaction: The Moderating Role Of Extraversion Heterogeneity, Denise Reyes May 2014

Shared Leadership And Team Satisfaction: The Moderating Role Of Extraversion Heterogeneity, Denise Reyes

HIM 1990-2015

A between-groups design experiment was conducted to examine the effect of extraversion heterogeneity as a moderator between shared leadership and team satisfaction. It was hypothesized that the relationship between shared leadership and team satisfaction would be moderated by extraversion heterogeneity, such that (a) the relationship would be positive for teams in which members are similar in their levels of extraversion, and (b) the relationship would be negative for teams in which members are dissimilar in their levels of extraversion. Data regarding extraversion, shared leadership behavior, and team satisfaction was collected from 30 teams comprised of 90 participants. The findings did …

Go to article

Attribution Of Blame In A Human-Robot Interaction Scenario, Federico Scholcover May 2014

Attribution Of Blame In A Human-Robot Interaction Scenario, Federico Scholcover

HIM 1990-2015

This thesis worked towards answering the following question: Where, if at all, do the beliefs and behaviors associated with interacting with a nonhuman agent deviate from how we treat a human? This was done by exploring the inter-related fields of Human-Computer and Human-Robot Interaction in the literature review, viewing them through the theoretical lens of anthropomorphism. A study was performed which looked at how 104 participants would attribute blame in a robotic surgery scenario, as detailed in a vignette. A majority of results were statistically non-significant, however, some results emerged which may imply a diffusion of responsibility in human-robot collaboration …

Go to article

Nonverbal Cues' Impact On Leadership Across Cultures: A Review And Propositions, Melissa Vazquez May 2014

Nonverbal Cues' Impact On Leadership Across Cultures: A Review And Propositions, Melissa Vazquez

HIM 1990-2015

Body language is a part of everyday life and the nonverbal cues associated with body language provide important sources of interpersonal information in a variety of environments and especially in the context of cultural diversity. The intent of this thesis is to understand how certain nonverbal cues can affect leadership within different cultures. The nonverbal cues studied will be body posture, facial expressions, and distance. The cultural regions studied are represented by China, France, Brazil, and Egypt. The appropriate nonverbal cues were identified and discussed based on the cultural context. Research suggests that positive and erect body posture would be …

Go to article

Do Attitudes Of Pornography Influence Perceptions Of Rape Myths, Jolene Vincent May 2014

Do Attitudes Of Pornography Influence Perceptions Of Rape Myths, Jolene Vincent

HIM 1990-2015

Rape and sexual assaults are a huge epidemic not only in the United States, but in the world as well. Victims come across all races, ethnicities, ages, religions, classes and cultures. With so many victims, people often investigate what causes people to commit these crimes in order to decrease the likelihood of future incidents occurring. Pornography is often argued for being a possible cause of sexual assaults. While many sex offenders do have large collections of pornography, there has not been any concrete evidence to support that pornography causes people to rape. Acceptance of rape myths also could play a …

Go to article

Differences In Parentification Of Children And Adolescents In Two-Parent Military Families Versus One-Parent Military Families Due To Deployment, Tayler Truhan May 2014

Differences In Parentification Of Children And Adolescents In Two-Parent Military Families Versus One-Parent Military Families Due To Deployment, Tayler Truhan

HIM 1990-2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in parentification in military families with a deployed parent and without a deployed parent. Previous research has highlighted increased rates of parentification in situations involving parental absence or unavailability, such as divorce, parental illness, parental alcoholism, and domestic violence. This construct was assessed using the Parentification Questionnaire - Youth, a 20 item self-report survey for children and adolescents. Participants consisted of 22 children, ages 7-17, from military families with a deployed parent and military families without a deployed parent. After removing two statistical outliers from the intact military families group, …

Go to article

The Dark Side: Study Of The Role Of Skin Tone On Consumer Perception, Kelcey Sablon May 2014

The Dark Side: Study Of The Role Of Skin Tone On Consumer Perception, Kelcey Sablon

HIM 1990-2015

The intent of this thesis is to explore the effects and influencers of skin tone on consumer perception. Firstly we conducted a primary study to test the effects of skin tone on service provider quality. The results showed that while skin tone had little effect, gender and ethnicity were more indicative. Therefore our study seeks to re-test the relationship between skin tone and consumer service perception as well as the effects of ethnicity and tipping behavior, and if a consumer’s cultural identity strength plays a role in consumer perception. We examined the differences across ethnicities i.e. White, Hispanic, and African …

Go to article

Risk Factors Identified In College Students Exhibiting Social Phobia, Kasie Wallace May 2014

Risk Factors Identified In College Students Exhibiting Social Phobia, Kasie Wallace

HIM 1990-2015

College life is a unique experience in the life of many young adults that presents many challenges for which they might not be prepared, including living away from home and adapting to a new social and academic environment. In particular, these experiences may be particularly adverse for students with social phobia and may be predictors of academic and social problems, and may even predict dropout. The purpose of the present research is to identify possible connections between socially phobic tendencies and the social, emotional, and overall well-being of college students. Social phobia itself is an unnecessary and overwhelming fear of …

Go to article

Examining The Effects Of Saccade Execution And Handedness On Proactive Interference., Montgomery A. Kroger May 2014

Examining The Effects Of Saccade Execution And Handedness On Proactive Interference., Montgomery A. Kroger

College of Arts & Sciences Senior Theses

Proactive interference is the phenomenon by which previously-learned information impairs recall of more recently-learned information. The present experiment was conducted to investigate two factors that may affect the occurrence of proactive interference. The first of these factors is saccade execution. Saccade execution has been shown in numerous studies to improve performance on a wide range of memory tasks. The second factor was people’s consistency of handedness, a term referring to the strength of people’s tendency to use one hand (right or left) over the other. Although the results of the primary analyses were inconclusive, further exploration of the data led …

Go to article

A Mindfulness-Based Intervention To Reduce Stress In Undergraduates., Dirk Anthony Dorsel May 2014

A Mindfulness-Based Intervention To Reduce Stress In Undergraduates., Dirk Anthony Dorsel

College of Arts & Sciences Senior Theses

This study piloted a mindfulness-based intervention to reduce stress in university undergraduates, and explore effects on psychological and biological indicators of stress. Mindfulness is “the awareness that emerges through paying attention on purpose, in the present moment and non-judgmentally to the unfolding of experience moment-by-moment” (Kabat-Zinn, 1994). The one week mindfulness intervention used audiobased mindfulness tracks recorded by Clinical Psychologist Paul Salmon. These tracks taught the basics of mindfulness. Participants were asked to listen to the tracks for 30 minutes a day for five days of the intervention. Perceived stress, self-reported anxiety, self-reported depression, heart rate and skin conductance were …

Go to article

A Resilient Warrior: Coping Positively With Combat Stress Exposure, William Stallard May 2014

A Resilient Warrior: Coping Positively With Combat Stress Exposure, William Stallard

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The purpose of this study was to explore and examine coping with combat stress exposure in a homogeneous group of 132 U.S. Marines who served in Operations Enduring Freedom or Iraqi Freedom, and who self-reported that they were coping positively. A mixed methods concurrent triangulation strategy was employed with positive psychology as the quantitative theoretical base and Husserlian transcendental phenomenology as the qualitative conceptual framework. Quantitatively, hardiness, hope, social support, personality, and coping strategies were assessed in the participants to examine how these variables may moderate or mediate the relationship between combat stress exposure and subjective well-being. Five hypotheses were …

Go to article

Is ‘How’M I Doin’?’ A Universal Question? Unpackaging Cultural Differences In Feedback Seeking, Rana Gaby Moukarzel May 2014

Is ‘How’M I Doin’?’ A Universal Question? Unpackaging Cultural Differences In Feedback Seeking, Rana Gaby Moukarzel

Theses and Dissertations

The feedback literature is based on the premise that given a favorable context and a drive to reduce uncertainties, all individuals should seek self-relevant performance information. However, this framework has only been empirically examined using Western samples and has failed to consider the influence of the broader context, with the exclusion of Sully de Luque and Sommer’s (2000) cultural framework. The purpose of this project was to integrate extant culture theory into the feedback seeking literature for a more comprehensive framework, and a more global understanding of cultural contingencies surrounding the feedback seeking process. Findings revealed the universality of feedback …

Go to article

Brief Prenatal Ethanol Exposure Alters Behavioral Sensitivity To The Kappa Opioid Receptor Agonist (U62,066e) And Antagonist (Nor-Bni) And Reduces Kappa Opioid Receptor Expression, Michael E. Nizhnikov, Ricardo M. Pautassi, Jenna M. Carter, Justine Landin, Elena Varlinskaya, Kelly Bordner, David F. Werner, Norman E. Spear May 2014

Brief Prenatal Ethanol Exposure Alters Behavioral Sensitivity To The Kappa Opioid Receptor Agonist (U62,066e) And Antagonist (Nor-Bni) And Reduces Kappa Opioid Receptor Expression, Michael E. Nizhnikov, Ricardo M. Pautassi, Jenna M. Carter, Justine Landin, Elena Varlinskaya, Kelly Bordner, David F. Werner, Norman E. Spear

Psychology Faculty Scholarship

Approximately 10 to 15% of women consume alcohol (ethanol [EtOH]) during pregnancy in the United States. Even low amounts of EtOH consumption during pregnancy can elicit long-term consequences. Prenatal experience with as few as 3 drinks has been associated with increase problem drinking in adulthood. Such effects are corroborated in rodents; however, the underlying neural adaptations contributing to this effect are not clear. In the current set of experiments, we investigated whether changes in EtOH responding following prenatal EtOH exposure involved kappa opioid receptor activation and expression.Methods
Sprague–Dawley rats were prenatally exposed to low levels of alcohol (1.0 g/kg) during …

Go to article

Middle-Earth's War On Terror: A Post-9/11 Reception Study On The Works Of J.R.R. Tolkien, James William Peebles May 2014

Middle-Earth's War On Terror: A Post-9/11 Reception Study On The Works Of J.R.R. Tolkien, James William Peebles

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This thesis investigates how Americans can and do interpret Tolkien's works in light of 9/11 and its proximity to Peter Jackson's film adaptations hitting theaters.

Go to article

The Impact Of Body Image On Women In Later Life: Effects On Quality Of Life And Body Perception, Rachel L. Avants May 2014

The Impact Of Body Image On Women In Later Life: Effects On Quality Of Life And Body Perception, Rachel L. Avants

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Physical, mental, and emotional changes can occur throughout the aging process, making it important to treat different age groups as separate populations when researching body image. Yet, very few instruments have been validated for middle-aged and older adults. An online survey was used to perform a validation of the Body Image Quality of Life Inventory (BIQLI) and examine demographic relationships, with a sample of 947 women, ages 40-79, from across the United States. A principal component analysis (PCA) and convergent validity supported the use of the BIQLI for women ages 40 to 79. A one-factor model was validated for comparing …

Go to article

The Use Of Recollection Rejection In The Misinformation Paradigm, Kara Moore May 2014

The Use Of Recollection Rejection In The Misinformation Paradigm, Kara Moore

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Across three experiments, I investigated the role of recollection rejection in rejecting false suggestions using the misinformation paradigm. The use of model-based measurement of recollection rejection was extended to the misinformation paradigm. I manipulated two factors, delay and feedback, that are known to influence the use of recollection rejection. Recollection rejection was used to reject false suggestions in the misinformation paradigm. Manipulating delay time did not affect the acceptance of misinformation or the use of recollection rejection. Warning participants about false information reduced misinformation acceptance but did not lead to increased rates of recollection rejection. Collectively, these findings suggest an …

Go to article

The Influence Of Bystanders In Subsequent Bullying Behavior, Jenny Lane Morris May 2014

The Influence Of Bystanders In Subsequent Bullying Behavior, Jenny Lane Morris

Dissertations

Aggression that is targeted towards an individual or a group of individuals who is at a disadvantage to respond is known by several terms in the literature, including bullying, harassment, and mobbing. There has been much interest in this sort of targeted aggression among school-aged children and, therefore, a large body of literature on the topic exists. In adult populations, especially in workplace environments, much research has focused on the respective roles of the victim and bully in this adverse social dynamic, with less information available on the role of the bystander, which has emerged as an important part of …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last