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2013

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Articles 901 - 930 of 2550

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Supporting The Development Of Executive Functioning Skills In Sixth Grade Students, Anne Davidson Anderson May 2013

Supporting The Development Of Executive Functioning Skills In Sixth Grade Students, Anne Davidson Anderson

Graduate Student Independent Studies

This integrative master's project explores how teachers can support the development of executive functioning skills in sixth grade students at the particular school where the author is a learning specialist (though many of the findings and recommendations can be generalized to other settings).

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An Open Letter To The Class Of 2013, Center For Public Service May 2013

An Open Letter To The Class Of 2013, Center For Public Service

SURGE

Upon graduation I will have received no honors. After four years of college, thirty-seven courses, ten labs, two sets of major requirements and several almost complete minors, I have won the ultimate consolation prize: a diploma. I know that not everyone has the privilege of going to college and I also know that those who start college do not always make it to the end, some not even through the first week. However, in the world of academia, students are pushed to strive for the best grades. Even at Gettysburg College where global awareness, critical thinking and an integration of …

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The Object Of Desire: How Being Objectified Creates Sexual Pressure For Women In Heterosexual Relationships, Tiffany Hoyt May 2013

The Object Of Desire: How Being Objectified Creates Sexual Pressure For Women In Heterosexual Relationships, Tiffany Hoyt

Honors Program Theses and Projects

The objectification of women is widespread in the United States (American Psychological Association, 2007), although there is relatively little research on objectification in romantic relationships. The purpose of this research was to explore how partner-objectification might be related to sexual pressure in heterosexual relationships. It was hypothesized that men who objectify their partners would be more likely to sexually pressure and/or coerce their partners. Additionally, a woman who feels objectified by her partner was hypothesized to internalize the objectification, feel like she has less control in the relationship (i.e., less sexual agency), and perceive more sexual pressure and coercion from …

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Anterior And Posterior Types Of Neuropsychological Deficits In Parkinson’S Disease: A Subgroup Classification Of Cognitive Outcome, Megan M. Risi May 2013

Anterior And Posterior Types Of Neuropsychological Deficits In Parkinson’S Disease: A Subgroup Classification Of Cognitive Outcome, Megan M. Risi

Honors Program Theses and Projects

Individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) exhibit cognitive deficits. Recent studies suggest there are distinct cognitive profiles of PD characterized by deficits in abilities that are dependent upon anterior versus posterior areas of the brain. While anterior-based deficits are more prevalent, posterior-based deficits are more predictive of the future occurrence of dementia in PD. The purpose of the current project was to examine these cognitive profiles in more detail. Performance on six tests of anterior function and six tests of posterior function was examined in 34 non-demented PD participants and 27 healthy control participants matched for age and education. Results showed …

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The State Of The Research: Meta-Analysis And Conceptual Critique Of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, Ryan Lance Nelson May 2013

The State Of The Research: Meta-Analysis And Conceptual Critique Of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, Ryan Lance Nelson

Theses and Dissertations

Researchers studying the long-term cognitive sequelae of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) have produced disparate results. Some studies have shown little to no long-term cognitive effects while others have shown that persistent cognitive sequelae continue to affect a subgroup of patients. Meta-analysis has been used to try to integrate these contrasting results to foster a coherent understanding of the cognitive outcomes following mTBI. However, previous meta-analyses of long-term cognitive sequelae have used studies from a period of mTBI research where methodological rigor has been called into question (Carroll, Cassidy, Holm, Kraus, & Coronado, 2004). Using studies from this period, meta-analysts …

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An Equal Opportunity Rejection, Katherine M. Patterson May 2013

An Equal Opportunity Rejection, Katherine M. Patterson

SURGE

Let’s talk about applications. We’ve all been there. You write your application, work on draft after draft and then you send it all off to the college or job of your dreams. And you wait…and wait…and wait. You wait for some sort of letter or phone call that says something along the lines of, “We love you! You’re awesome, and smart and special, and we think you’d be a great asset!” And maybe you’re lucky and you do get that letter, but let’s be real - that doesn’t always happen. It can be frustrating to receive a rejection letter (or …

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The Role Of Gesture In Spatial And Non-Spatial Learning In Children And Adults, Gwendolyn Marrin, Amanda Olsen May 2013

The Role Of Gesture In Spatial And Non-Spatial Learning In Children And Adults, Gwendolyn Marrin, Amanda Olsen

Psychology Student Work

The purpose of this study was to identify whether gesture differentially affects spatial or non-spatial language comprehension and memory in both children and adults. Previous research (i.e. Goldin-Meadow, 1996, 2001; McNeill, 1992, 2005) examines only the role of gesture in learning without addressing development. For this study, participant’s baseline gesture rate is recorded and then stories containing either spatial or non-spatial components are read to the participants. Participants then receive factual and convergent comprehension questions. While answering, they either gesture naturally, are required to gesture, or are told not to gesture. A three-term inference problem task (Knauff & Johnson-Laird, 2002) …

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Feel It, Don't Fake It: Deep Acting And Perceptions Of Feedback Utility, Eileen Toomey May 2013

Feel It, Don't Fake It: Deep Acting And Perceptions Of Feedback Utility, Eileen Toomey

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

...Labor has evolved from its focus on service oriented roles to academia, so we aim to add to this pool of research looking into the students' perceptions of emotional labor. More specifically, we look to explore the differences in student perceptions of deep and surface acting when receiving negative feedback from a professor and how this affects students' reactions to the feedback. As such, we hypothesized that participants who received negative feedback from a professor engaging in deep acting would report higher motivation to use the feedback, perceive the feedback to be more fair and useful, and have increased memory …

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Semantic And Phonological False Memories In Adults' First And Second Language, Amber Victoria Sapp May 2013

Semantic And Phonological False Memories In Adults' First And Second Language, Amber Victoria Sapp

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

I explored second language acquisition in adults by examining false memories for semantically and phonologically related word lists in both the participants' first language and second language. I expected less proficient bilinguals who are initially acquiring their second language would make more phonological false memory errors, like children learning their first language. In contrast, I anticipated that more proficient bilinguals would make more semantic false memory errors in the DRM paradigm as the semantic stores for their two languages overlap more fully. Forty-one English-Spanish bilinguals (High Proficiency: n = 17; Low Proficiency: n = 24) completed a false memory task …

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Election 2008: Flashbulb Memories Of Barack Obama's Election To Presidency, Jasmen Rice May 2013

Election 2008: Flashbulb Memories Of Barack Obama's Election To Presidency, Jasmen Rice

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

Participants (N = 656) from Butler University, Winston-Salem State University, and communities in Indianapolis, IN and Baltimore, MD, answered a questionnaire (two weeks, ten months, and four years after the election) consisting of several parts: a narrative and a set of probe questions regarding their discovery of the presidential announcement and a fact narrative and probed details about the election results. The narrative and probed recall data were scored in a fashion similar to flashbulb memory narratives with canonical election features. Whites generally remembered more than nonwhites. A fading affect bias was found in which the negative affect of conservative …

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The Impact Of Family Context, Gender, And Gender Meanings On The Acceptance Of Rape Myths, Nicole Humphrey May 2013

The Impact Of Family Context, Gender, And Gender Meanings On The Acceptance Of Rape Myths, Nicole Humphrey

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

Rape myths persist among college students for a variety of reasons, and therefore rape remains a serious problem on college campuses. Past research has consistently shown that there is a relationship between traditional gender role attitudes and belief in rape myths. For example, Szymanski, Devlin, Chrisler, and Vyse (1993) found that men with traditional gender role attitudes believe in more rape myths. Studies suggest that traditional gender role attitudes have decreased as women have entered the work force , and that individuals who grow up in egalitarian households are less likely to hold traditional gender role attitudes. This study examines …

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Gender Dependent Flashbulb Memories Of Sexual Vs. Emotional Infidelity, Christine Therese Fisher May 2013

Gender Dependent Flashbulb Memories Of Sexual Vs. Emotional Infidelity, Christine Therese Fisher

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

Research has suggested that males are more aroused and upset when their partner commits sexual infidelity and women are more aroused and upset when their partner commits emotional infidelity (Schutzwhol, 2005); however, most studies used forced choice questions and relied on "what if' scenarios, seemingly limiting their application to real-world situations (Buunk, Angleitner, Oubaid, & Buss, 1996). Assessing memory for the discovery of a partner's actual infidelity provides empirical evidence to support these simulations. In the current study, participants (N= 149) were asked to recall the announcement that their partner committed infidelity. Males showed enhanced memory tor discovering sexual infidelity, …

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To Live Is To Die: The Effect Of Mortality Salience On Memory And Fear Of Death, Tony F. Bergamini May 2013

To Live Is To Die: The Effect Of Mortality Salience On Memory And Fear Of Death, Tony F. Bergamini

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

Terror Management Theory proposes that the threat of death produces existential terror, which accentuates the need for security. This effect of mortality salience awareness of death-is well documented for non-conscious thoughts of death (Martens, Burke, Schimel, & Faucher, 2011). The objective of this study, then, is to measure anxiety-or fear of death-in reaction to non-conscious as well as conscious thoughts of death by manipulating the valence (positive vs. negative) and content (death vs. non-death) of a story that participants read. I measured any changes reported in fear of death before and after reading the story. Participants also wrote about their …

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Long Term Effects Of Positive Affect During Goal Adoption, Katherine E. Adams May 2013

Long Term Effects Of Positive Affect During Goal Adoption, Katherine E. Adams

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

Prior research has demonstrated that positive affect can facilitate goal achievement, typically by having an 'energizing' effect during goal pursuit. However, a recent study (Wainwright, 2011) suggested that positive affect may also result in improved goal achievement if it is experienced specifically at the time of goal adoption. The present study, which was conducted in two sessions, examined whether positive affect during goal adoption can still facilitate later performance on a mental rotation task after a substantial delay period. During the first session, participants were first induced into either a positive or a neutral affective state using video clips. Participants …

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Effortful Control As A Mediator Of Long-Term Declarative Recall In Toddlers., Cassandra Valerio May 2013

Effortful Control As A Mediator Of Long-Term Declarative Recall In Toddlers., Cassandra Valerio

Undergraduate Honors Theses

This study investigated the relationship between effortful control and long-term memory (LTM) in toddlers. It was hypothesized that children high in effortful control would demonstrate better long-term recall. Participants were 43 children who visited the lab at 18 and 21 months. A word-learning task and an elicited imitation task were administered to assess children’s LTM. Effortful control was assessed using the Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire (ECBQ). The results of this study showed that children high in effortful control did not demonstrate significantly better LTM than children low in effortful control on either the word-learning or the elicited imitation task.

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Can Persuasion Research Increase Commitment To Breastfeeding? A Test Of Women's Resistance To Pro Infant-Formula Messages, Jessica M. Parks May 2013

Can Persuasion Research Increase Commitment To Breastfeeding? A Test Of Women's Resistance To Pro Infant-Formula Messages, Jessica M. Parks

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

William McGuire’s Attitude Inoculation Theory (AIT) predicts that the act of warning women that they may be exposed to attempts to change their attitudes can “inoculate” them against persuasion. The warning can be compared to a weakened virus when it enters the body. In response to the threat or “virus” people will strengthen their attitudes. After a short delay the participant is introduced to the message and their resistance to this message is evaluated. The purpose of this study was to analyze women’s attitudes towards infant feeding by utilizing the inoculation theory. Overall, we found that the inoculation had no …

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Students Serving Students: Perceived Benefits Of Direct Community Service, Ashley M. Taylor May 2013

Students Serving Students: Perceived Benefits Of Direct Community Service, Ashley M. Taylor

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between participation in direct community service and future community service intentions. Pre and post surveys, developed for use in this study, were administered at the beginning and end of a week-long community service project, to measure differences in attitude toward community service and those they were assisting. Analysis of the results demonstrated an increase in the enjoyment of community service activities, as well as working well with others. There was also a significant decrease when responding to the item, “It is not something that is essential to our lives.” The …

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Regressions On Personality And Political Preferences Of Greek Letter Social Organizations, Michael B. Armstrong May 2013

Regressions On Personality And Political Preferences Of Greek Letter Social Organizations, Michael B. Armstrong

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

Research examining fraternities and sororities is minimal. Whenever research does arise, it usually focuses on negative stigmas with these organizations, such as alcohol abuse or hazing. This study seeks to examine more positive aspects of Greek organizations in order to inspire further research into fraternities and sororities. It was hypothesized that Greek-affiliated college students differ from unaffiliated college students in the Big Five personality factors such that Greek members are less likely to be open to experience, less conscientious, more extraverted, and less neurotic than nonmembers. Greek members and nonmembers will be similar in agreeableness. It is also hypothesized that …

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Using The Stroop Test To Indicate Levels Of Muscle Dysmorphia In Men, Molly White May 2013

Using The Stroop Test To Indicate Levels Of Muscle Dysmorphia In Men, Molly White

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

Muscle dysmorphia a disorder in which a person obsesses over not being muscular enough. The purpose of the current study is to discover whether the Stroop Test can be used to find symptoms of muscle dysmorphia. Participants first fill out a demographics questionnaire. Then they completed a task using E-Prime computer software. Participants are presented with a group of neutral and bodyrelated words in blue, green, yellow, or orange. They indicated the color of the word by pressing the first letter of the color on the keyboard. The reaction time, as well as the number of errors, is measured. Muscle …

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The Effects Of The Media On College Age Men: A Study Of Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder, Aaron D. Waddell May 2013

The Effects Of The Media On College Age Men: A Study Of Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder, Aaron D. Waddell

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

This study inspected the influence of the media on Muscle Dysmorphia. The participants in this study were 41 male college students recruited from Western Kentucky University's Study Board. The participants completed demographics and then took the Muscle Dysmorphia Questionnaire and the Body Assessment Scale, viewed a film clip and then completed the aforementioned surveys again with rearranged questions. Results indicate that there is a significant time effect between the pre-test and post-test for both the Muscle Dysmorphia Questionnaire and the Body Assessment Scale, and a significant interaction between video and per-post-test Muscle Dysmorphic Questionnaire results. The findings suggest that films …

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An Investigation Of Gender Differences In Pro-Environmental Attitudes And Behaviors, Sonja Plavsic May 2013

An Investigation Of Gender Differences In Pro-Environmental Attitudes And Behaviors, Sonja Plavsic

Honors Scholar Theses

Environmental responsibility has become an increasing concern in today's world. "Green" practices have become the norm with a growth in recycling options on school campuses and in cities, emissions restrictions for cars, and many brands positioning themselves as eco-friendly. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are gender differences regarding pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors among college students as predicted by socialization and social role theories, ecofeminism, and social norms. Participants were 313 University of Connecticut students (124 male, 189 female) who took part in an online survey measuring their attitudes towards the environment and conservation behavior. This …

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Evaluating The Effects Of A Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder And Insomnia: A Pilot Study., Laurin Mack May 2013

Evaluating The Effects Of A Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder And Insomnia: A Pilot Study., Laurin Mack

Theses and Dissertations

Combat and war zone veterans are particularly vulnerable to developing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) due to the increased risk of experiencing trauma inherent in military service. Insomnia and nightmares are core symptoms of PTSD and can be factors in the development, maintenance, and exacerbation of PTSD. However, sleep disturbance has received relatively little attention from a treatment point of view until recently. Recent research has demonstrated that cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) and imagery rehearsal therapy (IRT) for nightmares are effective stand alone and combination treatments for sleep disturbance in civilian and veteran populations. Although group interventions are lower …

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A Workbook To Promote Forgiveness For Ingroup Congregational Offenses, Chelsea Greer May 2013

A Workbook To Promote Forgiveness For Ingroup Congregational Offenses, Chelsea Greer

Theses and Dissertations

Since research on forgiveness has flourished over the past three decades, multiple interventions have been developed to aid individuals in this arduous process. Two interventions in particular have been most-widely studied with diverse groups: Enright’s process model (Enright & Fitzgibbons, 2000) and Worthington’s REACH Forgiveness model (2006). Thus far, these forgiveness interventions have been led by trained professionals in an in-person group. In-person interventions pose issues of cost and attendance. In the current study, I adapted Worthington’s Christian-adapted REACH Forgiveness intervention into a self-directed workbook for Christians who have experienced an offense within a religious community. Participants (N = 52) …

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Study Of Employment Retention Veterans (Serve): Improving Reintegration Of Oregon National Guard And Reserves In The Workplace, Gilbert Patrick Brady, Jr., Leslie B. Hammer May 2013

Study Of Employment Retention Veterans (Serve): Improving Reintegration Of Oregon National Guard And Reserves In The Workplace, Gilbert Patrick Brady, Jr., Leslie B. Hammer

Student Research Symposium

This presentation will provide an overview of the recently funded Department of Defense grant (Principal Investigator, Leslie Hammer, Ph.D.). Since 9/11 over 2.8 million United States military personnel have served in and around Iraq and Afghanistan. By 2018, the number of post-9/11 veterans is projected to top 3.1 million. Of these most recent veterans, 18% have difficulty holding a job and many experience family difficulty. Presently, a third or more of these post-9/11 veterans – some 874,728 service members and counting – have deployed to various global hotspots as active-duty reservists of the U.S. armed forces. Unemployment, underemployment and mental …

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Through A Veteran's Eyes: The Transition Of The Army Leader Into The Civilian Workforce, Maria Carolina Gonzalez-Prats May 2013

Through A Veteran's Eyes: The Transition Of The Army Leader Into The Civilian Workforce, Maria Carolina Gonzalez-Prats

Student Research Symposium

In the next five years, over a million service members will be transitioning back into civilian life, the majority from tours in Afghanistan and Iraq. This qualitative study, completed as a satisfying requirement for the Masters of Psychology in Organization Development degree at Sonoma State University, explored the experiences of leaders, as well as the challenges and enablers that effect their transition from the Army to the Civilian workforce. The thesis also examined the impact on both the military and civilian communities. Data was collected using interviews with ten Army leaders, whose time in service ranged from four to 22 …

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The Story And Song Centered Pedagogy: Teaching Empathy In The Classroom, Parfait Adegboyé Bassalé May 2013

The Story And Song Centered Pedagogy: Teaching Empathy In The Classroom, Parfait Adegboyé Bassalé

Student Research Symposium

This presentation was given as part of the Panel Presentation Studies in Education at Portland State University's Research Symposium. The Story and Song Centered Pedagogy (SSCP) is an educational framework that uses songs, stories and reflective questioning to increase empathy with an audience. In a preliminary study conducted with high school students, I tested the prediction that being exposed to the SSCP would increase empathy. I focused on the Emotional Concern (EC) and Perspective Taking (PT) subscales of the renowned empathy measurement tool: the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). Subjects self-reported their answers to the IRI before and after undergoing the …

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Evaluating A Possible Association Between Déjà Vu Frequency And Memory Performance To Explain Déjà Vu, Duncan Prince, Caleb Archuleta May 2013

Evaluating A Possible Association Between Déjà Vu Frequency And Memory Performance To Explain Déjà Vu, Duncan Prince, Caleb Archuleta

Student Research Symposium

Prior research shows that reported frequency of déjà vu declines with age. Memory performance also declines with aging. This study investigated separately a relationship of recollection and familiarity performance with déjà vu frequency, in a sample of college students to control for age. The hypothesis was that there will be a positive correlation between déjà vu frequency and recollection, and there will not be a correlation between familiarity and déjà vu frequency. The Inventory for Déjà Vu Experiences Assessment, a valid and reliable instrument, was used to quantify déjà vu frequency. Recollection and familiarity were quantitated separately by a memory …

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A Comparison Of The Attachment With Parents And The Attachment Of Romantic Partner, Matia Twedt May 2013

A Comparison Of The Attachment With Parents And The Attachment Of Romantic Partner, Matia Twedt

Psychology Student Work

No abstract provided.

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The Human Brain Processes Syntax In The Absence Of Conscious Awareness., Laura Batterink, Helen J Neville May 2013

The Human Brain Processes Syntax In The Absence Of Conscious Awareness., Laura Batterink, Helen J Neville

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Syntax is the core computational component of language. A longstanding idea about syntactic processing is that it is generally not available to conscious access, operating autonomously and automatically. However, there is little direct neurocognitive evidence on this issue. By measuring event-related potentials while human observers performed a novel cross-modal distraction task, we demonstrated that syntactic violations that were not consciously detected nonetheless produced a characteristic early neural response pattern, and also significantly delayed reaction times to a concurrent task. This early neural response was distinct from later neural activity that was observed only to syntactic violations that were consciously detected. …

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The Role Of Family Organization In Family Health History Communication About Cancer, Vivian M. Rodríguez May 2013

The Role Of Family Organization In Family Health History Communication About Cancer, Vivian M. Rodríguez

Theses and Dissertations

Family health history (FHH) has been recognized as an important tool in cancer prevention and health promotion. To date, literature on FHH discussions about cancer have largely focused on patient-physician communication or the dissemination of cancer-specific genetic tests results within the family. Fewer studies have sought to identify family factors that may promote FHH discussions, yet this type of information could be used to identify families needing support in having these conversations. Thus, the present study examined relations between family organization (cohesion and flexibility), communication openness, and FHH communication about cancer within a diverse group of women recruited from an …

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