Psychology

Semantic Memory, Ken Mcrae, Michael Jones

Psychology Publications

No abstract provided.

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Constraint-Based Models Of Sentence Processing, Ken Mcrae, Kazunaga Matsuki

Psychology Publications

No abstract provided.

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Evaluation Of The Internal Consistency, Factor Structure, And Validity Of The Depression Change Expectancy Scale, Kari M. Eddington, David J. A. Dozois, Barb J. Backs-Dermott

Psychology Publications

The psychometric properties and predictive validity of the Depression Change Expectancy Scale (DCES), a modification of an expectancy scale originally developed for patients with anxiety disorders, were examined in two studies. In Study 1, the 20-item scale was administered along with a battery of questionnaires to a sample of 416 dysphoric undergraduate students and demonstrated good internal consistency. A two-factor solution most parsimoniously accounted for the variance, with one factor containing all pessimistically worded items (DCES-P) and the second containing all optimistically worded items (DCES-O). The DCES-P showed patterns of correlations with other measures of related constructs consistent with hypothesized …

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Psychological Treatments: Putting Evidence Into Practice And Practice Into Evidence., David J. A. Dozois

Psychology Publications

In June 2011, the Canadian Psychological Association (CPA) Board of Directors launched a task force on the evidence-based practice of psychological treatments. The purpose of this task force was to operationalize what constitutes evidence-based practice in psychological treatment, to make recommendations about how psychologists can best integrate evidence into practice, and to disseminate information to consumers about evidence-based interventions. An important impetus for this task force was the continuing and widening scientist–practitioner gap. There are both barriers and opportunities when it comes to promoting greater reliance on the scientific literature and greater uptake of empirically supported treatments among practitioners. Two …

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Early Maladaptive Schemas, Styles Of Humor And Aggression, David J. A. Dozois, R. A. Martin, B. Faulkner

Psychology Publications

The relationship between early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) and psychopathology is thought to be mediated by the use of maladaptive compensatory coping and deficits in adaptive coping. One form of coping that might be affected by EMSs is an individual’s style of humor, which can be adaptive or maladaptive. This study examined the relationships among EMS domains, styles of humor, and aggression. The EMS domain of Impaired Limits was most consistently related to aggression. Moreover, as predicted, an aggressive style of humor mediated the relationship between Impaired Limits and various aspects of aggression (i.e., verbal, physical, and hostility). In addition, self-defeating …

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Intersectionality: Mental Health Interpreters And Clinicians Or Finding The “Sweet Spot” In Therapy, Cathy Chovaz

Psychology Publications

This paper examines the complex and multiple contributions that the mental health clinician, sign language interpreter and Deaf client bring to the mental health context. Building on D-C schema, the author proposes a theoretical framework for understanding the intersection of these factors and the influence on mental health outcomes.

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Acute Alcohol Consumption Impairs Controlled But Not Automatic Processes In A Psychophysical Pointing Paradigm., Kevin Johnston, Brian Timney, Melvyn A Goodale

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Numerous studies have investigated the effects of alcohol consumption on controlled and automatic cognitive processes. Such studies have shown that alcohol impairs performance on tasks requiring conscious, intentional control, while leaving automatic performance relatively intact. Here, we sought to extend these findings to aspects of visuomotor control by investigating the effects of alcohol in a visuomotor pointing paradigm that allowed us to separate the influence of controlled and automatic processes. Six male participants were assigned to an experimental "correction" condition in which they were instructed to point at a visual target as quickly and accurately as possible. On a small …

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Habituation Of Reflexive And Motivated Behavior In Mice With Deficient Bk Channel Function., Marei Typlt, Magdalena Mirkowski, Erin Azzopardi, Peter Ruth, Peter K D Pilz, Susanne Schmid

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Habituation is considered the most basic form of learning. It describes the decrease of a behavioral response to a repeated non-threatening sensory stimulus and therefore provides an important sensory filtering mechanism. While some neuronal pathways mediating habituation are well described, underlying cellular/molecular mechanisms are not yet fully understood. In general, there is an agreement that short-term and long-term habituation are based on different mechanisms. Historically, a distinction has also been made between habituation of motivated versus reflexive behavior. In recent studies in invertebrates the large conductance voltage- and calcium-activated potassium (BK) channel has been implicated to be a key player …

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Mice With Deficient Bk Channel Function Show Impaired Prepulse Inhibition And Spatial Learning, But Normal Working And Spatial Reference Memory., Marei Typlt, Magdalena Mirkowski, Erin Azzopardi, Lukas Ruettiger, Peter Ruth, Susanne Schmid

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Genetic variations in the large-conductance, voltage- and calcium activated potassium channels (BK channels) have been recently implicated in mental retardation, autism and schizophrenia which all come along with severe cognitive impairments. In the present study we investigate the effects of functional BK channel deletion on cognition using a genetic mouse model with a knock-out of the gene for the pore forming α-subunit of the channel. We tested the F1 generation of a hybrid SV129/C57BL6 mouse line in which the slo1 gene was deleted in both parent strains. We first evaluated hearing and motor function to establish the suitability of this …

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Synaptic Scaffold Evolution Generated Components Of Vertebrate Cognitive Complexity, Jess Nithianantharajah, Noboru H. Komiyama, Andrew Mckechanie, Mandy Johnstone, Douglas H. Blackwood, David St.Clair, Richard D. Emes, Louie N. Van De Lagemaat, Lisa M. Saksida, Timothy J. Bussey, Seth G. Grant

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

The origins and evolution of higher cognitive functions, including complex forms of learning, attention and executive functions, are unknown. A potential mechanism driving the evolution of vertebrate cognition early in the vertebrate lineage (550 million years ago) was genome duplication and subsequent diversification of postsynaptic genes. Here we report, to our knowledge, the first genetic analysis of a vertebrate gene family in cognitive functions measured using computerized touchscreens. Comparison of mice carrying mutations in each of the four Dlg paralogs showed that simple associative learning required Dlg4, whereas Dlg2 and Dlg3 diversified to have opposing functions in complex cognitive …

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Errors In Device Localization In Mri Using Z-Frames., Jeremy Cepek, Blaine A Chronik, Aaron Fenster

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

The use of a passive MRI-visible tracking frame is a common method of localizing devices in MRI space for MRI-guided procedures. One of the most common tracking frame designs found in the literature is the z-frame, as it allows six degree-of-freedom pose estimation using only a single image slice. Despite the popularity of this design, it is susceptible to errors in pose estimation due to various image distortion mechanisms in MRI. In this paper, the absolute error in using a z-frame to localize a tool in MRI is quantified over various positions of the z-frame relative to the MRI isocenter, …

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Language, Reading, And Math Learning Profiles In An Epidemiological Sample Of School Age Children., Lisa M D Archibald, Janis Oram Cardy, Marc F Joanisse, Daniel Ansari

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Dyscalculia, dyslexia, and specific language impairment (SLI) are relatively specific developmental learning disabilities in math, reading, and oral language, respectively, that occur in the context of average intellectual capacity and adequate environmental opportunities. Past research has been dominated by studies focused on single impairments despite the widespread recognition that overlapping and comorbid deficits are common. The present study took an epidemiological approach to study the learning profiles of a large school age sample in language, reading, and math. Both general learning profiles reflecting good or poor performance across measures and specific learning profiles involving either weak language, weak reading, weak …

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Differential Effects Of Parkinson's Disease And Dopamine Replacement On Memory Encoding And Retrieval., Alex A Macdonald, Ken N Seergobin, Adrian M Owen, Ruzbeh Tamjeedi, Oury Monchi, Hooman Ganjavi, Penny A Macdonald

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Increasingly memory deficits are recognized in Parkinson's disease (PD). In PD, the dopamine-producing cells of the substantia nigra (SN) are significantly degenerated whereas those in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are relatively spared. Dopamine-replacement medication improves cognitive processes that implicate the SN-innervated dorsal striatum but is thought to impair those that depend upon the VTA-supplied ventral striatum, limbic and prefrontal cortices. Our aim was to examine memory encoding and retrieval in PD and how they are affected by dopamine replacement. Twenty-nine PD patients performed the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and a non-verbal analogue, the Aggie Figures Learning Test …

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Report Of A Deaf Child With Tourette's Disorder., Cathy J Chovaz

This is a case study of a deaf child with Tourette's Disorder (TD). Hearing parents and mental health clinicians unfamiliar with typical behaviors of deaf children may have difficulties differentiating the clinical presentation of symptoms of TD from the effects of deafness, as well as in implementing appropriate interventions. This case study reports the history, symptoms, diagnostic process, and treatment interventions. This is relevant for furthering the clinical knowledge of mental health professionals working with Deaf, deaf, and hard-of-hearing children and adolescents.

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The Babies, The Representations, And The Nativist–Empiricist Bathwater. Commentary On “Stepping Off The Pendulum: Why Only An Action-Based Approach Can Transcend The Nativist–Empiricist Debate” By J. Allen & M. Bickhard, David S. Moore

Pitzer Faculty Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

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Imperium Et Sacerdotium: Universalism, Fragmentation, And New Medievalism, Jeremy Wells

Commonwealth Review of Political Science

Contemporary international relations theory suffers from a stubborn reliance on the Westphalian notion of the state system. Theoretically, the sovereign state is the supreme political unit in world politics and is the only political unit with access to international decision-making. However, in the real world, globalization has led to the development of a myriad of transnational associations. Added to the complex of regional, international, and even supranational governing structures, these organizations and associations have created a web of interaction that works above, below, and across states. While skeptics question the political ramifications of globalization, it is without doubt that modern …

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Strategies Employed By Clergy To Prevent And Cope With Interpersonal Isolation, Ryan C. Staley, Mark R. Mcminn, Kathleen Gathercoal, Kurt Free

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Numerous studies have affirmed that interpersonal isolation is one of the unique challenges clergy face. This study examined the experience of interpersonal isolation among a sample of clergy serving in a senior pastor role by having them complete a modified form of the Social Support Questionnaire, Short Form (SSQSR), as well as six open-ended interview questions. The interview responses of clergy participants were compared based on a median split of the SSQSR satisfaction scores. Analysis of clergy responses revealed several prominent themes in the following areas: barriers to establishing supportive relationships, strategies for establishing and maintaining supportive relationships, lack of …

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Blurring The Ingroup-Outgroup Distinction: The Agenda For Acceptance For All, Bryan M. Niederman

2010-2016 Archived Posters

This study offered participants an opportunity to alter automatic evaluations of others. Intergroup experiences that emphasize social identity complexity (SIC) and cross-cutting group membership (CCGM) awareness can supplant initial impressions, attenuate/replace prejudicial beliefs, reshape ingroup-outgroup boundaries, reduce social category distinctions, and introduce a culture of acceptance. 39 staff of a nonprofit agency participated in SD (learn about the social identities of others), DEC (cooperative task aiming to achieve a superordinate group goal), or comparison. Participation impacted participant perception of levels of acceptance of diversity and behavior as it pertains to being free of bias, prejudice, and discrimination, major social change …

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Relationships Of Emotional Intelligence And Performance-Based Self-Esteem With Burnout Among Pastors, Jeannie Miller-Clarkson

2010-2016 Archived Posters

Burnout threatens the emotional and physical well being of pastors as well as their ability to provide competent and compassionate leadership to their congregations. This study examined the roles of emotional intelligence and performance-based self esteem in the experience of burnout among pastors. Significant relationships were identified.

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Key Predictors Of Well-Being For Individuals With Dementia, Lindsey M. Bisgrove

ETD Archive

Until recently, few studies have investigated the psychosocial outcomes of individuals living with dementia. More specifically, the relationship among depression, anxiety, and quality of life as well-being outcomes. The current study examined the role of well-being outcomes and how key predictors (level of cognitive impairment, level of distress experienced, relationship role strain) influenced these outcomes. It addressed how these specific predictors had an impact, on depression and anxiety symptoms and overall quality of life. This study utilized the stress process model for individuals with dementia as a framework to demonstrate the intricacies of the illness experience for the individuals. Self-report …

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The Effects Upward And Downward Comparison On A Subsequent Emotion Recognition Task, Kim D. Thomas

ETD Archive

Social Comparison Theory explains how viewing images can affect body satisfaction with two processes: upward and downward comparison. Upward comparison, which is defined as comparing oneself to a more attractive person, can result in depression and body dissatisfaction. Downward comparison, which is defined as comparing oneself to a less attractive person, can increase mood and body satisfaction. Previous research has shown that individuals with eating disorders, such as anorexia, have a deficit in emotion recognition due to their high levels of body dissatisfaction. Building upon this finding, the current study was designed to examine the effect that priming normal individuals …

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The Effects Of Talker Variability And Talkers' Gender On The Perception Of Spoken Taboo Words, Samantha E. Tuft

ETD Archive

In the current experiment, I examined the effects of inter-talker variability and talkers' gender on listeners' perception of spoken taboo words. Previous spoken word recognition research using the long-term repetition-priming paradigm, in which listeners respond to two separate blocks of spoken words, found performance costs for stimuli mismatching in talker identity. That is, when words were repeated across the two blocks and the identity of the talker remained the same (e.g., male to male) reaction times (RTs) were faster relative to when the repeated words were spoken by two different talkers (e.g., male to female). Such performance costs, or talker …

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Assessment Of Verbal And Nonverbal Memory And Learning In Abstinent Alcoholics, Alyson L. Phelan

ETD Archive

Neuropsychological performance was measured in chronic alcoholics who maintained abstinence for at least six months and with matched controls. Specifically, measures of verbal memory were assessed utilizing the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and measures of nonverbal memory with the Rey Osterreith Complex Figure Test (ROCF) and a new measure, the Poreh Nonverbal Memory Test (PNMT). In addition, both the RAVLT and the PNMT provide a measure of operationalized learning, as they are multi-trial tasks utilizing five trials to assess recall in each trial. Verbal memory includes the ability to encode, store and retrieve information for words, language and …

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The Role Of Learning Modality Upon Long-Term Spatial Memory, Dale A. Hirsch

ETD Archive

Spatial cognition often requires the contemplation of multiple discrete layouts. Determining the relative direction of objects between distinct layouts comes with a cost to accuracy when compared to determining the relative direction among objects from within the same layout. The decrease in accuracy that results from comparing discrete layouts is called integration cost (Yamamoto & Shelton, 2008). Yamamoto (2007) found that the cost of integration between two layouts learned through the same modality is equivalent to the cost of integrating between two layouts learned through different modalities (i.e., vision and proprioception). Yamamoto's findings suggest that modulating the learning modalities of …

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Biofeedback Assisted Stress Management Training In Patients With Coronary Artery Disease, Gregory James Bolwell

ETD Archive

Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States for both men and women, and coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease, often leading to heart attacks. Over a long period of time, CAD can weaken the heart muscle, causing heart failure and arrhythmias. Three well established events which occur in CAD are an over activation of the sympathetic nervous system, increased inflammation and psychological distress. Biofeedback assisted stress management (BFSM) is a form of stress management that allows one to see how their physiology changes, in real time, as they either …

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Barriers To Seeking Campus Therapeutic Services For Sexual Assault, Caitlin A. Martin

ETD Archive

Previous research has found that the majority of sexual assault survivors do not receive therapeutic treatment for their traumatic experience(s), despite the detrimental psychological effects sexual assault can produce (e.g. Kimerling & Calhoun, 1994 Koss & Harvey, 1991 New & Berliner, 2000). The present study examines potential barriers to seeking campus therapeutic services in college women who have experienced sexual assault (or hypothetical sexual assault among those with no history of sexual assault). Overall, knowledge about sexual assault services on campus was quite limited. Knowledge of the location of the campus counseling center was related to an increased likelihood of …

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The Relationship Between Innovativeness And Shopping Website Feature Preferences Across Product Classes, Eric Brandt

ETD Archive

This study was developed to investigate the effects of innovativeness and Internet experience on preferences for shopping website features across different product classes. Consumer innovativeness is often studied as being a driver of the adoption of new products and services, including online shopping. Innovativeness and Internet experience are two widely studied characteristics of consumers that have been shown to predict various facets of online shopping behavior. However, there are many issues surrounding the utility and validity of various measures of innovativeness, not the least of which is that innovativeness has been conceptualized at multiple levels of abstraction. Beyond this, there …

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Online Exploration: Browsing Behavior And Website Feature Preferences, Mackenzie Siren

ETD Archive

This exploratory study examines the novel variable of cross-category online browse range (the variety of product categories browsed online by a consumer) and its relationship to general website feature preferences. Utilizing data collected through an online survey, the results are based on a final sample of 313 respondents from the United States, 287 of whom were University students, and 26 of whom were contacts of the research team. The general nature of cross-category online browse range was examined using simple correlation, MANOVA, and ANOVA. Results indicate that the variable is normally distributed throughout the sample population and positively associated with …

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Understanding The Relationship Between Sexual Trauma And Screenings, Emily N. Karakis

ETD Archive

The most common cause of cervical cancer in women is the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) (Cokkinides, Bandi, Siegel, Warn, & Thun, 2007). Survivors of sexual assault are at a high risk for contracting HPV and other sexually transmitted infections (Lee, Westrup, Ruzek, Keller, & Weitlauf, 2007), therefore placing them at higher risk of developing cervical cancer. Unfortunately, these women are less likely than non-survivors to have cervical cancer screenings (Bazargan, Bazargan, Farooq, & Baker, 2004). Previous research has suggested that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and locus of control (LOC) may have some influence on screening participation in sexual assault survivors. This …

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Comparing Self-Efficacy, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, And Coping In Women With And Without A Sexual Assault History Enrolled In Self-Defense Classes, Caitlin M. Pinciotti

ETD Archive

Women attend self-defense courses for a variety of different reasons. These courses have many benefits for women, specifically survivors of sexual assault. Regardless of when the course is taken, pre- or post-assault, female sexual assault survivors experience increases in self-efficacy and decreases in posttraumatic stress symptoms. The current study evaluated the difference in self-efficacy, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and coping responses in women who attend self-defense courses. While no significant difference existed between survivors of sexual assault and unwanted sexual contact and women without sexual victimization history in self-efficacy and PTSD, a few significant differences emerged in coping responses. Results …

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Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Semantic Memory, Ken Mcrae, Michael Jones

Psychology Publications

Constraint-Based Models Of Sentence Processing, Ken Mcrae, Kazunaga Matsuki

Psychology Publications

Evaluation Of The Internal Consistency, Factor Structure, And Validity Of The Depression Change Expectancy Scale, Kari M. Eddington, David J. A. Dozois, Barb J. Backs-Dermott

Psychology Publications

Psychological Treatments: Putting Evidence Into Practice And Practice Into Evidence., David J. A. Dozois

Psychology Publications

Early Maladaptive Schemas, Styles Of Humor And Aggression, David J. A. Dozois, R. A. Martin, B. Faulkner

Psychology Publications

Intersectionality: Mental Health Interpreters And Clinicians Or Finding The “Sweet Spot” In Therapy, Cathy Chovaz

Psychology Publications

Acute Alcohol Consumption Impairs Controlled But Not Automatic Processes In A Psychophysical Pointing Paradigm., Kevin Johnston, Brian Timney, Melvyn A Goodale

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Habituation Of Reflexive And Motivated Behavior In Mice With Deficient Bk Channel Function., Marei Typlt, Magdalena Mirkowski, Erin Azzopardi, Peter Ruth, Peter K D Pilz, Susanne Schmid

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Mice With Deficient Bk Channel Function Show Impaired Prepulse Inhibition And Spatial Learning, But Normal Working And Spatial Reference Memory., Marei Typlt, Magdalena Mirkowski, Erin Azzopardi, Lukas Ruettiger, Peter Ruth, Susanne Schmid

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Synaptic Scaffold Evolution Generated Components Of Vertebrate Cognitive Complexity, Jess Nithianantharajah, Noboru H. Komiyama, Andrew Mckechanie, Mandy Johnstone, Douglas H. Blackwood, David St.Clair, Richard D. Emes, Louie N. Van De Lagemaat, Lisa M. Saksida, Timothy J. Bussey, Seth G. Grant

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Errors In Device Localization In Mri Using Z-Frames., Jeremy Cepek, Blaine A Chronik, Aaron Fenster

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Language, Reading, And Math Learning Profiles In An Epidemiological Sample Of School Age Children., Lisa M D Archibald, Janis Oram Cardy, Marc F Joanisse, Daniel Ansari

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Differential Effects Of Parkinson's Disease And Dopamine Replacement On Memory Encoding And Retrieval., Alex A Macdonald, Ken N Seergobin, Adrian M Owen, Ruzbeh Tamjeedi, Oury Monchi, Hooman Ganjavi, Penny A Macdonald

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Report Of A Deaf Child With Tourette's Disorder., Cathy J Chovaz

Psychology

The Babies, The Representations, And The Nativist–Empiricist Bathwater. Commentary On “Stepping Off The Pendulum: Why Only An Action-Based Approach Can Transcend The Nativist–Empiricist Debate” By J. Allen & M. Bickhard, David S. Moore

Pitzer Faculty Publications and Research

Imperium Et Sacerdotium: Universalism, Fragmentation, And New Medievalism, Jeremy Wells

Commonwealth Review of Political Science

Strategies Employed By Clergy To Prevent And Cope With Interpersonal Isolation, Ryan C. Staley, Mark R. Mcminn, Kathleen Gathercoal, Kurt Free

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Blurring The Ingroup-Outgroup Distinction: The Agenda For Acceptance For All, Bryan M. Niederman

2010-2016 Archived Posters

Relationships Of Emotional Intelligence And Performance-Based Self-Esteem With Burnout Among Pastors, Jeannie Miller-Clarkson

2010-2016 Archived Posters

Key Predictors Of Well-Being For Individuals With Dementia, Lindsey M. Bisgrove

ETD Archive

The Effects Upward And Downward Comparison On A Subsequent Emotion Recognition Task, Kim D. Thomas

ETD Archive

The Effects Of Talker Variability And Talkers' Gender On The Perception Of Spoken Taboo Words, Samantha E. Tuft

ETD Archive

Assessment Of Verbal And Nonverbal Memory And Learning In Abstinent Alcoholics, Alyson L. Phelan

ETD Archive

The Role Of Learning Modality Upon Long-Term Spatial Memory, Dale A. Hirsch

ETD Archive

Biofeedback Assisted Stress Management Training In Patients With Coronary Artery Disease, Gregory James Bolwell

ETD Archive

Barriers To Seeking Campus Therapeutic Services For Sexual Assault, Caitlin A. Martin

ETD Archive

The Relationship Between Innovativeness And Shopping Website Feature Preferences Across Product Classes, Eric Brandt

ETD Archive

Online Exploration: Browsing Behavior And Website Feature Preferences, Mackenzie Siren

ETD Archive

Understanding The Relationship Between Sexual Trauma And Screenings, Emily N. Karakis

ETD Archive

Comparing Self-Efficacy, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, And Coping In Women With And Without A Sexual Assault History Enrolled In Self-Defense Classes, Caitlin M. Pinciotti

ETD Archive