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2013

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Articles 1171 - 1200 of 2550

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Effect Of Emotional Cues On Memory Recall And Response Time, Rachel Rahn Apr 2013

Effect Of Emotional Cues On Memory Recall And Response Time, Rachel Rahn

Symposium on Research and Creative Expression (SORCE)

Combining electroencephalography, the recording of the brain's electrical activity, with other psychological research techniques allows the link between memory and emotion to be investigated. This study, which is currently in the pilot phase, investigates the effect of emotions on performance in a memory test. Subjects are shown written memory cues with or without accompanying photos of strong facially-expressed emotions and later prompted to recall the written cues. By monitoring brain activity and recall success rate, emotion's effect on memory in this context can be determined, including what brain regions are stimulated by the emotion-memory link and the improvement or impairment …

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Keep Calm And Carry On: An International Comparison Of Stress In Law Enforcement, Holly Buckman, Amanda Zelechoski Apr 2013

Keep Calm And Carry On: An International Comparison Of Stress In Law Enforcement, Holly Buckman, Amanda Zelechoski

Symposium on Research and Creative Expression (SORCE)

This presentation will show the results of a comprehensive review of the literature and a cross-cultural comparison of law-enforcement related stress in the United States and the United Kingdom. In the formation of this comparison, we will obtain a better understanding of law enforcement exposure to stress and its effects. By comparing the stress experienced by law enforcement officers in these seemingly similar countries, we conceptualize the potential causes of these similarities and differences. More specifically, the organization/structure of law enforcement, support networks, community conditions, and the police subculture in these countries will be analyzed. This analysis will show that …

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Facilitating Positive Reactions To Psychological Labels, Stephanie Kuipers Apr 2013

Facilitating Positive Reactions To Psychological Labels, Stephanie Kuipers

Symposium on Research and Creative Expression (SORCE)

Receiving a psychological label is often a life-changing experience. Some people feel relieved and hopeful upon discovering a name for their problem, while others become scared and depressed about the implications of receiving such a label (Proudfoot et al., 2009). This study attempts to identify factors that may affect whether a client has a positive or negative reaction to psychological labeling. Specifically, three factors were examined: use of language, client personality, and type of diagnosis. Each participant was randomly assigned to read one of four short narratives in which they imagined themselves in the depicted situation. All narratives portrayed someone …

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The Effect Of Positive And Negative Pictures On The Processing Of Emotion-Related Words, Tricia K. Engen Apr 2013

The Effect Of Positive And Negative Pictures On The Processing Of Emotion-Related Words, Tricia K. Engen

Psychology Student Work

In our study, we wanted to test whether negative and positive stimuli affect lexical decision tasks. The participants consisted of 30 CSB/SJU students (14 males and 16 females). The participants saw either negative or positive pictures. After rating the various pictures, the participants’ reaction times to words and non-words was recorded to see how priming affected their reactions. We hypothesized that emotional priming would make a difference in their reaction times to words of different emotions (positive and negative). The results demonstrated that there was not an interaction between the picture group the participants were assigned to and their reaction …

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Four Virtues: Interventions For Goodness' Sake, Caroline Lavelock Apr 2013

Four Virtues: Interventions For Goodness' Sake, Caroline Lavelock

Theses and Dissertations

Empirical interest in promoting virtues has dramatically increased over the last decade. The present study will focus primarily on the warmth-based virtues of forgiveness and humility, and the conscientiousness-based virtues of patience and self-control. I introduced participants (N = 135) to a workbook intended to promote one of these four virtues, or to promote general positivity for participants in a workbook control condition. I hypothesized that virtue workbooks would produce higher levels of the target virtue, more so than in both a non-action control condition (n = 33) and in a control condition that completes a workbook that promotes general …

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Gender Differences In Decision Making When Faced With Multiple Options, Kallie R. Reiter Apr 2013

Gender Differences In Decision Making When Faced With Multiple Options, Kallie R. Reiter

Psychology Student Work

This study tested the gender differences in decision-making patterns when multiple options were available among college students. The researchers tested this by measuring the amount of time it took students to choose a food line to wait in at the cafeteria, predicting that males would not spend as much time observing all of the different options as females would. 116 male students and 116 female students from two separate cafeterias on two different campuses participated in the study. The researchers found that when males had formed a routine and were in their more natural environment, they were quicker to choose …

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Peer Pressure: Social Psychology And The Political And Security Committee, Bryce Comstock Apr 2013

Peer Pressure: Social Psychology And The Political And Security Committee, Bryce Comstock

Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union

No abstract provided.

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Who Am I? Where Am I From? My Dna Ancestral Analysis: Some Reflections On Our Common Ancestral Origins, V. Krishna Kumar Apr 2013

Who Am I? Where Am I From? My Dna Ancestral Analysis: Some Reflections On Our Common Ancestral Origins, V. Krishna Kumar

Psychology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Score Reliability And Factor Similarity Of The Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (Sataq-3) Among Four Ethnic Groups, Cortney S. Warren, David H. Gleaves, Liya M. Rakhkovskaya Apr 2013

Score Reliability And Factor Similarity Of The Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (Sataq-3) Among Four Ethnic Groups, Cortney S. Warren, David H. Gleaves, Liya M. Rakhkovskaya

Psychology Faculty Research

Background:This study evaluated the score reliability and equivalence of factor structure of the Sociocultural Attitudes towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3) [1] in a sample of female college students from the four largest ethnic groups in the USA.Methods:Participants were 1245 women who self-identified as European American/White (n = 543), African American/Black (n = 137), Asian American (n = 317), or Latina/Hispanic (n = 248). All completed the SATAQ-3 and a demographic questionnaire. To test the factor similarity and score reliability across groups, we used exploratory factor analysis and calculated Cronbach’s alphas (respectively).Results:Score reliability was high for all groups. Tests of factor equivalence …

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The Effect Of An Exercise Regimen On The Psychological Health Of Parkinson's Disease Patients, Alexander Stephens Apr 2013

The Effect Of An Exercise Regimen On The Psychological Health Of Parkinson's Disease Patients, Alexander Stephens

Honors Theses

This paper reports a study on the effect of an exercise regimen on the psychological health of Parkinson's disease patients. The 11 participants of the study were Parkinson's disease patients who were participants of a six-week exercise program titled 'Delay the Disease,' which was specifically designed for Parkinson's disease patients. The participants of the study were given the Geriatric Depression Scale twice before the start of the exercise regimen, and once per week for the duration of the six-week exercise regimen. They were also given a quality of life questionnaire at the beginning and end of the regimen. The data …

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Shared Neural Substrates Of Emotionally Enhanced Perceptual And Mnemonic Vividness, Rebecca M. Todd, Taylor W. Schmitz, Josh Susskind, Adam K. Anderson Apr 2013

Shared Neural Substrates Of Emotionally Enhanced Perceptual And Mnemonic Vividness, Rebecca M. Todd, Taylor W. Schmitz, Josh Susskind, Adam K. Anderson

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

It is well known that emotionally salient events are remembered more vividly than mundane ones. Our recent research has demonstrated that such memory vividness is due in part to the subjective experience of emotional events as more perceptually vivid, an effect we call emotion-enhanced vividness, or EEV. The present study built on previously reported research in which fMRI data were collected while participants rated relative levels of visual noise overlaid on emotionally salient and neutral images. Ratings of greater EEV were associated with greater activation in the amygdala, visual cortex, and posterior insula. In the present study, we measured BOLD …

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The Effect Of Pets And Nature On Environmental Identity And Connection To Animals, Vicotria Whitaker, Kellye Kohn, Alice Fontana, Linda Kunce, Faculty Advisor Apr 2013

The Effect Of Pets And Nature On Environmental Identity And Connection To Animals, Vicotria Whitaker, Kellye Kohn, Alice Fontana, Linda Kunce, Faculty Advisor

John Wesley Powell Student Research Conference

This study examined environmental identity and connection to animals in college students. Previous research has suggested that exposure to animals and nature can increase caring for both animals and nature itself. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four video conditions and analyzed for differences in mood, environmental identity, and connectedness to animals after the viewing of these videos. No significant differences were found between experimental groups for environmental identity or connectedness to animals, but it was found that those who viewed an animal reported greater improvement in mood, and that this effect differed based on whether the animal was …

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The Effects Of Relational Victimization On The Perceived Barriers, Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy, And Career Aspirations Of Female Offenders, Brooke Green Apr 2013

The Effects Of Relational Victimization On The Perceived Barriers, Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy, And Career Aspirations Of Female Offenders, Brooke Green

Theses and Dissertations

We explored the relations among relational victimization and career-related variables in a sample of 174 non-violent female felony offenders residing in a community corrections residential facility. Archival data was used from a larger career-related reentry program that represented a joint effort between investigators at the VCU Department of Psychology and staff from the Virginia Department of Correctional Education. Data analyses focused on the association between (a) recent experiences of relational victimization and (b) career aspiration complexity code, (c) career aspirations towards or away from socially-oriented careers, (d) perceived occupational barriers, and (e) career decision-making self-efficacy. Hypothesized associations among this set …

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Negative Religious Coping Styles Predict Greater Depressive Symptoms And Less Life Satisfaction, Kira A. Barros, Hannah Toyama, John E. Perez Apr 2013

Negative Religious Coping Styles Predict Greater Depressive Symptoms And Less Life Satisfaction, Kira A. Barros, Hannah Toyama, John E. Perez

Creative Activity and Research Day - CARD

The purpose of this study was to identify negative religious coping methods
 that have an association with depressive symptoms and life satisfaction among cancer patients. This study was based on Pargament’s (1997) framework of positive and
negative religious coping styles that specify how an individual makes use of religion to understand and deal with stressors. The sample included 179 predominantly White, Christian, female patients with stage II through IV cancer. We used a cross-sectional design with self-report measures to examine punishing God reappraisal and spiritual discontent as they relate to depressive symptoms and satisfaction with life. We hypothesized that both …

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The Effects Of Hiv/Aids On The Mother-Child Relationship, Margaret Gross Apr 2013

The Effects Of Hiv/Aids On The Mother-Child Relationship, Margaret Gross

Creative Activity and Research Day - CARD

39 semi-structured interviews were conducted with HIV+/- mothers living in central Uganda. Interviews were assisted by a translator and recorded manually on paper then coded and analyzed. The majority of HIV+ mothers were found to be single, supported 5+ children, worked longer days to get by, and emphasized the importance of having a counselor. These findings suggest a strong relationship exists between HIV and motherhood. There is a need for further attention to help single mothers and foster programs that encourage economic growth within their families, nutritional improvement, and overall attention to a group that is currently receiving little assistance.

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Highlands College Students' Driving Habits, Cory Doto-Dyer, Paul Clark Apr 2013

Highlands College Students' Driving Habits, Cory Doto-Dyer, Paul Clark

Posters

The purpose of this study is to understand driving habits of college students. The study demonstrates potential inappropriate behaviors.

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Effects Of Light Stimulation On The Baseline Level Of Dopamine In The Nucleus Accumbens, Benjamin Carter, Dr. Scott Steffensen Apr 2013

Effects Of Light Stimulation On The Baseline Level Of Dopamine In The Nucleus Accumbens, Benjamin Carter, Dr. Scott Steffensen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

This study explored the effects of light stimulation on the baseline levels of dopamine (DA) in the Nucleus Accumbens (NAc).

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Phasic And Sustained Fear In Autism, Paul Chamberlain, Dr. Mikle South Apr 2013

Phasic And Sustained Fear In Autism, Paul Chamberlain, Dr. Mikle South

Journal of Undergraduate Research

My project was designed to study how autistic children respond to uncertainty and if they respond differently than typically developing children. Psychologists have differentiated between two different types of fear- phasic fear and sustained fear. Phasic fear is fear to a specific threat. For example, if you are hiking and see a snake on the path you are afraid. However, if there is no snake you are not afraid. Sustained fear, or anxiety, is essentially fear of what could possibly happen even when there is no physical stimulus present. Going back to the hiking example, sustained fear would be fear …

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Religious Influence On Adolescents And Their Parents Faculty Mentor: Sam Hardy, Psychological Sciences, Carrolyn Mcmurdie, Dr. Sam Hardy Apr 2013

Religious Influence On Adolescents And Their Parents Faculty Mentor: Sam Hardy, Psychological Sciences, Carrolyn Mcmurdie, Dr. Sam Hardy

Journal of Undergraduate Research

For decades, research has shown religious involvement and religious belief to predict positive outcomes for adolescents and adults, including better physical and mental health, fewer risk-taking behaviors, and greater involvement in moral or pro-social and helping behaviors (Hood, Hill, & Spilka, 2009). However, the current body of research literature is unclear about how individuals perceive religion to influence their lives. Research has not shown if people identify the same positive outcomes from their religiousness that scholars do. This is important to consider because people may perceive outcomes that are unrecognized by scholars. These additional outcomes may have a significant impact …

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Effects Of Nicotine On Plasticity In Glutamate Neurotransmission To Midbrain Gaba Neurons, Peter Nielson, Dr. Scott Steffensen Apr 2013

Effects Of Nicotine On Plasticity In Glutamate Neurotransmission To Midbrain Gaba Neurons, Peter Nielson, Dr. Scott Steffensen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

In order to further the knowledge of physiological contributions to addiction, this project’s purpose was to elucidate the neuronal processes involved in nicotine (NIC) addiction. We studied its effects on critical neuronal substrates in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), an area of the midbrain implicated in drug reinforcement. As NIC was previously shown to affect GABAergic neurotransmission, this project was to determine the more specific effect of NIC on glutamate (GLU) neurotransmission in the same area.

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Negative Affect In Individuals With Moderate-To-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Implications For Acquiring New Learning, Spencer Liebel, Dr. Michael Larson Apr 2013

Negative Affect In Individuals With Moderate-To-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Implications For Acquiring New Learning, Spencer Liebel, Dr. Michael Larson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The goal of this project was to clarify the additive role that negative affect plays in the capacity for individuals with moderate-to-severe (M/S) traumatic brain injury (TBI) to acquire new learning. Traumatic brain injury is the leading cause of death and disability in the United States, affecting an estimated 1.7 million people annually. Traumatic brain injuries typically result in considerable long-term neurological disabilities such as deficits in attention, memory, and processing speed (Zaloshnja, Miller, Langlois, & Selassie, 2008). In addition, TBI survivors are significantly more likely to develop psychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety, and attempt suicide at a higher …

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Mediators Between Pornography Use And Risky Sexual Behaviors, Gwen Coulson, Dr. Scott Braithwaite Apr 2013

Mediators Between Pornography Use And Risky Sexual Behaviors, Gwen Coulson, Dr. Scott Braithwaite

Journal of Undergraduate Research

With the advent of the internet the availability, anonymity, and affordability of pornography has substantially increased (Cooper, 1998). Furthermore, content analyses have revealed that various types of pornographic material frequently present sex as casually occurring between acquaintances (Brosius, Weaver, & Staab, 1993) and often portray sexual violence as pleasurable (Bridges, Wosnitzer, Scharrer, Sun, & Liberman, 2010). Considering previous research has revealed many associations between pornography use and risky sexual behaviors, as well as many associations between pornography and casual sexual attitudes, we sought to expand current investigations through application of a meditational model, enabling us to test loosening sexual attitudes …

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Maternal Employment And The Mother-Child Relationship, Marie Ortega, Margaret Gross, Helena Karnilowicz, Veronica Kreter, Lindsey Butrera, Shirley Mcguire, Nancy Segal Apr 2013

Maternal Employment And The Mother-Child Relationship, Marie Ortega, Margaret Gross, Helena Karnilowicz, Veronica Kreter, Lindsey Butrera, Shirley Mcguire, Nancy Segal

Creative Activity and Research Day - CARD

It has been suggested that a mother’s employment status affects her relationship with her children. This study examined whether children of stay-at-home mothers showed differences in the mother-child relationship than those of employed mothers. Participants were 252 sibling-pairs, 8-13 years, in the Twins, Adoptees, Peers and Siblings Study. Children completed measures on maternal warmth, trust, and conflict. Mothers reported their occupations. Independent t-tests were used to compare mean scores for maternal warmth, trust and conflict. There was no significant statistical difference between the groups, which suggests maternal employment does not affect relationship quality. Follow up analyses will examine biological …

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Youth Self-Efficacy As A Predictor Of Youth Symptoms And Psychotherapy Outcomes, Brooke Daniels-Brown, Dr. Jared Warren Apr 2013

Youth Self-Efficacy As A Predictor Of Youth Symptoms And Psychotherapy Outcomes, Brooke Daniels-Brown, Dr. Jared Warren

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The purpose of the project was to examine youth self-efficacy as it relates to youth symptoms and treatment outcomes in a community mental health setting. From analyzing the collected data, results suggest that youth self-efficacy may act as a moderator and potential mediator in youth mental health services. Tailoring interventions to improve youth self-efficacy may yield more effective outcomes and additional research examining youth self-efficacy in the context of evidence-based treatments may be warranted. Also, these results generalize well to routine services, which are received by the majority of youth in mental health care. Self-efficacy is an important factor in …

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Oxytocin, Or “Cuddle Hormone” Genotype In Titi Monkeys, Hannah Page, Dr. Dee Higley Apr 2013

Oxytocin, Or “Cuddle Hormone” Genotype In Titi Monkeys, Hannah Page, Dr. Dee Higley

Journal of Undergraduate Research

I used my ORCA grant to attend ASP, go on an internship at the CNPRC, and pursue research involving the oxytocin, or “cuddle hormone” genotype in titi monkeys.

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Faith-Related Prejudice In Admission To Clinical Psychology Graduate School Programs, Elizabeth Hoose, Dr. Jeffrey Reber Apr 2013

Faith-Related Prejudice In Admission To Clinical Psychology Graduate School Programs, Elizabeth Hoose, Dr. Jeffrey Reber

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Little research has been done on prejudice against people of faith. Several studies indicate that fundamental or evangelical Christians face the effects of prejudice especially in educational settings (Ressler & Hodge, 2006). In particular, two surveys of Christian social workers inquiring about their professional experience in regards to their religion, found that the respondents felt ridiculed, degraded and demeaned by their colleagues because of their beliefs (Ressler & Hodge, 2006; Ressler & Hodge, 2003). Recently, researchers have begun to explore the potential implicit prejudices towards faith and people of faith in psychology (Slife & Reber, 2009). Likewise, it has also …

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Faithism In The Classroom, Frank Bright, Dr. Jeffrey Reber Apr 2013

Faithism In The Classroom, Frank Bright, Dr. Jeffrey Reber

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The purpose of my study was to see if there was any connection between a professor’s openness about his or her faith and the view formed of that professor by his or her students. One recent study (Reber & Slife, In Press) has shown that new undergraduate students appear to have an implicit bias towards faith as a source of knowledge, but those later in their undergraduate career have shifted their bias towards reason being a better source of knowledge. If this implicit prejudice is true then it could follow that if a professor was open about their faith, students …

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Cognitive Conceptualizations And Schemata As Predictors Of Distress In Female Rape Victims, Tiffany Maria Artime Apr 2013

Cognitive Conceptualizations And Schemata As Predictors Of Distress In Female Rape Victims, Tiffany Maria Artime

Dissertations

Rape is strikingly prevalent among undergraduate women, and victims show significant variability in their reactions to sexual victimization. The aim of this longitudinal study was to examine two cognitive processing factors that have been theorized to impact a woman’s levels of distress after being raped. One cognitive factor, rape conceptualization, broadly refers to the way a woman comes to understand and interpret the event as identified by her attributions of blame and perceptions of severity, wantedness, and consent. Schemata—or global, enduring beliefs about the self and world—represent the other cognitive factor examined in this study. Participants included 189 undergraduate women …

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Red Bones And Earth Mothers: A Contemporary Exploration Of Colorism And Its Perception Among African American Female Adolescents, Morgan Maxwell Apr 2013

Red Bones And Earth Mothers: A Contemporary Exploration Of Colorism And Its Perception Among African American Female Adolescents, Morgan Maxwell

Theses and Dissertations

Research on colorism continues to gain momentum across several disciplines. However, while varied studies have explored the social phenomenon among adult populations, especially those of African ancestry, few have systematically investigated the extent to which African American youth are exposed to or endorse hierarchical perceptions of skin color. The current study addresses this void in colorism literature. Employing a grounded theory approach, the present investigation examines African American female adolescents’ perceptions of skin color, aiming specifically to understand the sociocultural factors that underpin and contribute to colorist socializations as well as sources of skin color messages. Five focus groups and …

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Plasticity In Glutamate Neurotransmission To Midbrain Gaba Neurons By Ethanol, Jennifer Mabey, Dr. Scott Steffensen Apr 2013

Plasticity In Glutamate Neurotransmission To Midbrain Gaba Neurons By Ethanol, Jennifer Mabey, Dr. Scott Steffensen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The aim of my ORCA grant was to better under the addictive pathway of ethanol (EtOH) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the brain. The VTA contains several neuron types that release different neurotransmitters, but the type I experimented with was γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA neurons regulate dopamine (DA) neurons in the VTA by inhibiting DA release but when the GABA neurons are inhibited, DA neurons are hyperexcitable and therefore have an increased DA release in the VTA. I originally sought out to see if nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) present …

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