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2012

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Articles 211 - 240 of 2210

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

A Comparison Of The Associative And Multiple Bearing Hypotheses Through Landmark Stability In Humans Using A Virtual Environment, Martha R. Forloines Oct 2012

A Comparison Of The Associative And Multiple Bearing Hypotheses Through Landmark Stability In Humans Using A Virtual Environment, Martha R. Forloines

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

The current experiment investigated the mixed results seen in spatial blocking paradigms; there have been procedures that have shown and not shown blocking of added landmarks in the spatial domain. Typically, the Associative theory of learning has been applied to spatial learning. However, spatial blocking paradigms cannot be explained solely with this theory. The Multiple Bearings Hypothesis (MBH) may be able to explain these differences. The current experiment employed a three-phase blocking paradigm to examine what factors are responsible for the mixed results. The first Phase, Phase 0, incrementally shaped human participants' goal location behavior with two ambiguous landmarks. In …

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A Mediated Model Of Minority Stress And Binge Eating In Sexual Minority Women, Tyler Bruce Mason Oct 2012

A Mediated Model Of Minority Stress And Binge Eating In Sexual Minority Women, Tyler Bruce Mason

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Previous studies have shown that sexual minority women (SMW) report more binge-eating behaviors than heterosexual women. Explanations for this differentiation have not been researched adequately. SMW also experience unique stressors related to minority sexual orientation. These minority stressors include both distal stressors (e.g. discrimination) and proximal stressors (e.g. expectations of rejection). Both types of stressors have been found to be integral in the development of negative mental and physical health outcomes in SMW. The importance of mediators and moderators in the minority stress and negative outcomes association has been demonstrated in previous literature. The purpose of the present study was …

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A Resource For Pastors And Counselors: Ministering To Spiritual And Emotional Needs Of Those In Ministry, Shirley Craven Oct 2012

A Resource For Pastors And Counselors: Ministering To Spiritual And Emotional Needs Of Those In Ministry, Shirley Craven

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Some pastors are in need of pastoral care and counseling; unfortunately, many will never receive the care they need. Pastors often suffer in silence because they feel they cannot trust revealing their deep dark secrets with fellow clergy. The lack of confidentiality among pastors has caused leaders to struggle in silence with the very issues they preach against: adultery, fornication, pornography, drug, alcohol, etc. The fear of exposure has driven some pastors to seek help in other states where they can remain anonymous. Providing this type of resource will enable pastors to take control of their lives, and seek the …

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Sense Beauty Via Face, Dressing, And/Or Voice, Tam Nguyen, Si Liu, Bingbing Ni, Jun Tan, Yong Rui, Shuicheng Yan Oct 2012

Sense Beauty Via Face, Dressing, And/Or Voice, Tam Nguyen, Si Liu, Bingbing Ni, Jun Tan, Yong Rui, Shuicheng Yan

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Discovering the secret of beauty has been the pursuit of artists and philosophers for centuries. Nowadays, the computational model for beauty estimation has been actively explored in computer science community, yet with the focus mainly on facial features. In this work, we perform a comprehensive study of female attractiveness conveyed by single/multiple modalities of cues, i.e., face, dressing, and/or voice, and aim to uncover how different modalities individually and collectively affect the human sense of beauty. To this end, we collect the first Multi-Modality Beauty (M2B) dataset in the world for female attractiveness study, which is thoroughly annotated …

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Asymmetry In Resting Alpha Activity: Effects Of Handedness, Ruth E. Propper, Jenna Pierce, Mark W. Geisler, Stephen D. Christman, Nathan Bellorado Oct 2012

Asymmetry In Resting Alpha Activity: Effects Of Handedness, Ruth E. Propper, Jenna Pierce, Mark W. Geisler, Stephen D. Christman, Nathan Bellorado

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Frontal electroencephalographic (EEG) alpha band power during rest shows increased right, and/or decreased left, hemisphere activity under conditions of state or trait withdrawal-associated effect. Non-right-handers (NRH) are more likely to have mental illnesses and dispositions that involve such withdrawal-related effect. The aim of the study was to examine whether NRH might be characterized by increased right, relative to left, hemisphere activity during rest. Methods: The present research investigated that hypothesis by examining resting EEG alpha power in consistently-right-handed (CRH) and NRH individuals. Results: In support of the hypothesis, NRH demonstrated decreased right hemisphere alpha power, and therefore increased right hemisphere …

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Distinct Retinohypothalamic Innervation Patterns Predict The Developmental Emergence Of Species-Typical Circadian Phase Preference In Nocturnal Norway Rats And Diurnal Nile Grass Rats, William D. Todd, Andrew J. Gall, Joshua A. Weiner, Mark S. Blumberg Oct 2012

Distinct Retinohypothalamic Innervation Patterns Predict The Developmental Emergence Of Species-Typical Circadian Phase Preference In Nocturnal Norway Rats And Diurnal Nile Grass Rats, William D. Todd, Andrew J. Gall, Joshua A. Weiner, Mark S. Blumberg

Faculty Publications

How does the brain develop differently to support nocturnality in some mammals, but diurnality in others? To answer this question, one might look to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which is entrained by light via the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT). However, because the SCN is more active during the day in all mammals studied thus far, it alone cannot determine circadian phase preference. In adult Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus), which are nocturnal, the RHT also projects to the ventral subparaventricular zone (vSPVZ), an adjacent region that expresses an in-phase pattern of SCN-vSPVZ neuronal activity. In contrast, in adult Nile grass rats (Arvicanthis …

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The Beauty Industry's Influence On Women In Society, Ann Marie Britton Oct 2012

The Beauty Industry's Influence On Women In Society, Ann Marie Britton

Honors Theses and Capstones

There has been a significant amount of research done on the effect that advertising in the fashion and beauty industry has on women. By creating advertisements with unrealistic images of beauty, it has resulted in anxiety, low self-esteem, and low self-confidence in many women. Most of these negative emotions stems from unhappiness among body and appearance. Less research has been performed relating to cosmetics and how this can have an influence on women, and how women can use cosmetics to manipulate their appearance. This paper first discusses the existing research that focuses on the cosmetic industry’s influence on women. From …

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Amor De Cerca: Positive Involvement In Latino Families, Michelle Varón, Melanie M. Domenech-Rodriguez Oct 2012

Amor De Cerca: Positive Involvement In Latino Families, Michelle Varón, Melanie M. Domenech-Rodriguez

Psychology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Guidance For Reviewers: Observations After A Year As Editor, Melanie M. Domenech-Rodriguez Oct 2012

Guidance For Reviewers: Observations After A Year As Editor, Melanie M. Domenech-Rodriguez

Psychology Faculty Publications

Reviewers are at the heart of the Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research (PCJ). If not for their service, the journal quality would be seriously compromised as would its mission to support the educational and professional development of authors. Reviewers provide an expert evaluation for authors and the journal editor. Through this evaluation the authors learn to strengthen their skills as researchers by specifically receiving feedback on the content of their scholarly arguments, the applicability and accuracy of the methods chosen, and the implications of their work. Reviewers also provide important guidance to the journal editor, also a scientist, who …

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American Men’S And Women’S Beliefs About Gender Discrimination: For Men, It’S Not Quite A Zerosum Game, Jennifer K. Bosson, Joseph A. Vandello, Kenneth S. Michniewicz, Joshua G. Lenes Oct 2012

American Men’S And Women’S Beliefs About Gender Discrimination: For Men, It’S Not Quite A Zerosum Game, Jennifer K. Bosson, Joseph A. Vandello, Kenneth S. Michniewicz, Joshua G. Lenes

Psychology Faculty Publications

We surveyed Americans regarding their beliefs about gender discrimination over the past several decades. Men and women agreed that women faced much more discrimination than men in the past, and they agreed that the discrimination gap between men and women has narrowed in recent years. However, men perceived the gap as narrower than women did at all time periods, and reported that there is little difference today in the amount of gender discrimination women and men face. Political ideology moderated these beliefs such that conservative men were most likely to report that anti-Man bias now equals or exceeds anti-Woman bias. …

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The Prevalence And Correlates Of Compassion Fatigue, Compassion Satisfaction, And Burnout Among Teachers Working In High-Poverty Urban Public Schools, Shannon Abraham-Cook Oct 2012

The Prevalence And Correlates Of Compassion Fatigue, Compassion Satisfaction, And Burnout Among Teachers Working In High-Poverty Urban Public Schools, Shannon Abraham-Cook

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Impact Of Exposure To Violence On Urban Youth: A Biopsychosocial Perspective Of Aggression, Jodi S. Huntington Oct 2012

Impact Of Exposure To Violence On Urban Youth: A Biopsychosocial Perspective Of Aggression, Jodi S. Huntington

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Modifying Moral Dilemma Judgments: How The Priming Of Moral Rules Modifies Responses To Moral Dilemmas, Warren Brandan Scott Oct 2012

Modifying Moral Dilemma Judgments: How The Priming Of Moral Rules Modifies Responses To Moral Dilemmas, Warren Brandan Scott

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Personality As A Source Of Individual Differences In Cognition Among Older African Americans, Adrienne T. Aiken-Morgan, Jacqueline Michelle Bichsel, Jason C. Allaire, Jyoti Savla, Christopher L. Edwards, Keith E. Whitfield Oct 2012

Personality As A Source Of Individual Differences In Cognition Among Older African Americans, Adrienne T. Aiken-Morgan, Jacqueline Michelle Bichsel, Jason C. Allaire, Jyoti Savla, Christopher L. Edwards, Keith E. Whitfield

Psychological Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Previous research suggests that demographic factors are important correlates of cognitive functioning in African Americans; however, less attention has been given to the influence of personality. the present study explored how dimensions and facets of personality predicted individual variability in cognition in a sample of older African Americans from the Baltimore Study of Black Aging. Cognition was assessed by verbal learning and attention/working memory measures. Personality was measured by the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised. Linear regressions controlling for demographic factors showed that Neuroticism, Openness, and Agreeableness were significant regression predictors of cognitive performance. Individual facets of all five personality dimensions were …

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Statistical Measures For Workload Capacity Analysis, Joseph W. Houpt, James T. Townsend Oct 2012

Statistical Measures For Workload Capacity Analysis, Joseph W. Houpt, James T. Townsend

Psychology Faculty Publications

A critical component of how we understand a mental process is given by measuring the effect of varying the workload. The capacity coefficient (Townsend and Nozawa, 1995 and Townsend and Wenger, 2004) is a measure on response times for quantifying changes in performance due to workload. Despite its precise mathematical foundation, until now rigorous statistical tests have been lacking. In this paper, we demonstrate statistical properties of the components of the capacity measure and propose a significance test for comparing the capacity coefficient to a baseline measure or two capacity coefficients to each other.

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Effective & Compassionate Training In The Millennium: Latino/A Mentors, Clinical Supervisors, Instructors, Advisors, Lynda D. Field, Melanie M. Domenech-Rodriguez, Shannon Chavez-Korell Oct 2012

Effective & Compassionate Training In The Millennium: Latino/A Mentors, Clinical Supervisors, Instructors, Advisors, Lynda D. Field, Melanie M. Domenech-Rodriguez, Shannon Chavez-Korell

Psychology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Psychotherapy The Real World: The Relevance Of Cultural Adaptations To Applied Practice, Melanie M. Domenech-Rodriguez, Guillermo Bernal, Alinne Barrera, Nallely Galván, Daniel Gaztambide Oct 2012

Psychotherapy The Real World: The Relevance Of Cultural Adaptations To Applied Practice, Melanie M. Domenech-Rodriguez, Guillermo Bernal, Alinne Barrera, Nallely Galván, Daniel Gaztambide

Psychology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Cultural Adaptations: Frameworks, Models, And Guidelines, Melanie M. Domenech-Rodriguez Oct 2012

Cultural Adaptations: Frameworks, Models, And Guidelines, Melanie M. Domenech-Rodriguez

Psychology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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The Reminiscence Effect In Autobiographical Memory And Tests Of Its Prominent Accounts, Justin T. Coleman Oct 2012

The Reminiscence Effect In Autobiographical Memory And Tests Of Its Prominent Accounts, Justin T. Coleman

Department of Psychology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The reminiscence effect, in which people aged 40 and over remember more autobiographical memories from between ages 10 to 30 than from adjacent periods, producing a “bump” in lifespan distributions, is a highly robust effect. When it was discovered to occur for highly positive emotional memories, but not negative ones, the cultural life script account of reminiscence was proposed. The cultural life script account asserts that individuals possess scripts for important events in the normative life that structure autobiographical recall. The reminiscence effect is explained by the fact that in life scripts, positive events have highly prescribed timings and cluster …

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I Can Play All Night: Examining The Relationship Between Perceived Tolerance And Drinking Game Alcohol Consumption, Phillip J. Ehret, Joseph W. Labrie, Justin F. Hummer Oct 2012

I Can Play All Night: Examining The Relationship Between Perceived Tolerance And Drinking Game Alcohol Consumption, Phillip J. Ehret, Joseph W. Labrie, Justin F. Hummer

Heads Up!

The present study examined the impact of perceived tolerance to alcohol on maximum alcohol consumption while playing drinking games. Participants were student drinkers (N=3,546) from two west coast universities. Among these students, 69.2% (n=2,290) reported playing a drinking game in the past month. Analyses demonstrated game players had higher perceived tolerances, and consumed more alcohol than non-game players. A regression model revealed that higher levels of perceived tolerance were related to increased maximal alcohol consumption while playing drinking games. Study limitations and implications for future research are discussed.

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Effects Of Attractiveness And Distinctiveness On Attention And Memory For Faces, Carla M. Strickland-Hughes, J. Leudicke, M. K. Johnson, Natalie C. Ebner Oct 2012

Effects Of Attractiveness And Distinctiveness On Attention And Memory For Faces, Carla M. Strickland-Hughes, J. Leudicke, M. K. Johnson, Natalie C. Ebner

College of the Pacific Faculty Presentations

No abstract provided.

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Neural Responses To Infants Linked With Behavioral Interactions And Testosterone In Fathers, Patty X. Kuo, Joshua Carp, Kathleen C. Light, Karen M. Grewen Oct 2012

Neural Responses To Infants Linked With Behavioral Interactions And Testosterone In Fathers, Patty X. Kuo, Joshua Carp, Kathleen C. Light, Karen M. Grewen

Department of Child, Youth, and Family Studies: Faculty Publications

Few fMRI studies have investigated the brain-behavioral basis of parenting in human fathers. Ten fathers were videotaped and gave salivary testosterone samples while interacting with their 2–4 month old infants, and viewed video clips of their own infant and an unfamiliar age-, ethnicityand sex-matched other infant during an fMRI protocol. Infant stimuli activated a network of prefrontal and subcortical brain regions. Furthermore, a subset of these regions activated significantly more to own (OWN) than other (OTHER) infants. Finally, neural responses to OWN versus OTHER were linked with paternal sensitivity, paternal reciprocity, and testosterone. In sum, our results provide a novel …

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Drug–Drug Conditioning Between Citalopram And Haloperidol Or Olanzapine In A Conditioned Avoidance Response Model: Implications For Polypharmacy In Schizophrenia, Nathan L. Sparkman, Ming Li Oct 2012

Drug–Drug Conditioning Between Citalopram And Haloperidol Or Olanzapine In A Conditioned Avoidance Response Model: Implications For Polypharmacy In Schizophrenia, Nathan L. Sparkman, Ming Li

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Patients with schizophrenia often have anxiety and depression, and thus are treated with multiple psychotherapeutic medications. This practice of polypharmacy increases the possibility for drug–drug interactions. However, the pharmacological and behavioral mechanisms underlying drug–drug interactions in schizophrenia remain poorly understood. In the present study, we adopted a preclinical approach and examined a less known behavioral mechanism, drug–drug conditioning (DDC) between haloperidol (a typical antipsychotic) or olanzapine (atypical antipsychotic) and citalopram (a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor). A rat two-way conditioned avoidance response paradigm was used to measure antipsychotic activity and determine how DDC may alter the antipsychotic efficacy in this model. …

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Correlates Of Same-Sex Attractions And Behaviors Among Self-Identified Heterosexual University Students, Luis F. Morales Knight, Debra A. Hope Oct 2012

Correlates Of Same-Sex Attractions And Behaviors Among Self-Identified Heterosexual University Students, Luis F. Morales Knight, Debra A. Hope

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Few studies have focused on intragroup variations in sexual orientation and fewer on self-identified heterosexuals with same-sex attractions, fantasies, and/or behaviors. Self-identified heterosexual students at a large public midwestern university (N = 263) completed measures of sexuality and gender, attitudes toward lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people, religious and political beliefs, emotional well-being, and demographics. The sample included 82 individuals (31%; labeled “H+”) who endorsed same-sex attraction, fantasy, and/or behavior and 181 (69%; labeled “H”) who did not. Women were more likely to be categorized as H+ than men. H+ participants had more positive attitudes toward lesbians and gay …

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A Positive Approach: Training Coaches To Build A Positive Motivational Climate, J. Spencer John Oct 2012

A Positive Approach: Training Coaches To Build A Positive Motivational Climate, J. Spencer John

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The purpose of this paper is to develop a training program for youth sport coaches focusing on a positive motivational climate, with an intended outcome to increase intrinsic motivation in youth sport participants. The coaching workshops that are available today tend to focus on teaching the fundamentals of the sport; while largely ignoring the motivational side of coaching. Pop Warner Football is the largest youth football league in the country, they have a large coach training program that focuses on drills and skill development, but fails to address positive motivation. Providing youth sport organizations with a training program that adds …

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Perception Of Therapists Characteristics By Black And White Clients, Harriett Gaddy Oct 2012

Perception Of Therapists Characteristics By Black And White Clients, Harriett Gaddy

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Forging The Link: The Role Of Photographs And Textual Self-Disclosure On Forming Facebook Friendships, Kevin Andrew Specter Oct 2012

Forging The Link: The Role Of Photographs And Textual Self-Disclosure On Forming Facebook Friendships, Kevin Andrew Specter

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Mindset Memory: Do Theories Of Intelligence Impact The Narrative Content Of Autobiographical Memory?, Sejal Brahmbhatt Oct 2012

Mindset Memory: Do Theories Of Intelligence Impact The Narrative Content Of Autobiographical Memory?, Sejal Brahmbhatt

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Sudden, Unexpected Divorce: A Family Systems Perspective On The Meanings Parents Make Of The Event, Geraldine Mary Kerr Oct 2012

Sudden, Unexpected Divorce: A Family Systems Perspective On The Meanings Parents Make Of The Event, Geraldine Mary Kerr

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Exploring The Experiences Of Racial Identity And Stereotype Threat In African American Male Medical Doctors, Christopher G. Beaumont Oct 2012

Exploring The Experiences Of Racial Identity And Stereotype Threat In African American Male Medical Doctors, Christopher G. Beaumont

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

No abstract provided.

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