Psychology | Open Access Articles | Digital Commons Network™

Spire: Social Program Innovation Research And Evaluation, Trudi Cooper

ECU Research Week

No abstract provided.

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Biological Children Of Foster Carers. Are They Being Heard?, Anna Targowska, Susan Teather

ECU Research Week

No abstract provided.

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Physical Restraints In Residential Facilities: Staff Members’ Perspectives, Mary Beth Ledoux

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

The use of physical restraints among children and adolescents in residential facilities is a controversial and emotional topic, especially since children are four times more likely than adults to be restrained in a residential setting. In this study, staff members who have restrained children and adolescents in a residential facility completed a 20-question online survey. The intent of the study was to get a clearer picture of residential workers’ thoughts, feelings, and perceptions toward restraints as well as their views on how effective they deem their restraint training to be. The information gathered from their answers can be helpful for …

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The Spatial Properties Of Music Perception: Differences In Visuo-Spatial Performance According To Musicianship And Interference Of Musical Structure, Christa Theresa Vassillière

Honors Papers

Spatial cognition has been implicated in the perception and production of music within both behavioral and neurological experimental paradigms. Using performance on mental rotation of a three-dimensional object, the present study examined the visuo-spatial abilities of conservatory and non-conservatory students. Participants performed the rotation task under no distraction followed by performance with an interference task, which consisted of detecting either tempo or pitch changes. Conservatory students performed better on the mental rotation task both with and without interference. Musical structure (Western classical versus Indian classical) and musical aspect (tempo changes and pitch changes) influenced how much interference was produced in …

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Delinquents After Exile: A Review Of Aftercare Programs, Jeremy Olson, Daniel R. Lee

Contemporary Issues in Juvenile Justice

No abstract provided.

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Constant Enough: On The Kinds Of Perceptual Constancy Worth Having, Frank H. Durgin, Anna Jane Ruff , '09, Robert Calverley Russell , '08

Psychology Faculty Works

This chapter argues that whereas perceptual experience is underconstant in one sense, it is virtually constant insofar as it is functionally stable and predictable. The possibility of distinguishing perception and cognition is explored in experiments on the perception of surface orientation. These experiments are related to the study of self-motion perception and space perception. An experiment comparing monocular and binocular perception of hills revealed perceptual differences, between-subjects, that were masked in within-subject comparisons by metacognitive strategies. A second experiment found that participants wearing heavy backpacks gave (cognitively) elevated slope estimates only because of experimental demands not physical ones. Perceptual experience …

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Therapeutic Communication From A Constructionist Standpoint, Kenneth J. Gergen, M. M. Gergen

Psychology Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

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Distinguishing Speed From Accuracy In Scalar Implicatures, L. Bott, T. M. Bailey, Daniel J. Grodner

Psychology Faculty Works

Scalar implicatures are inferences that arise when a weak expression is used instead of a stronger alternative. For example, when a speaker says, “Some of the children are in the classroom,” she often implies that not all of them are. Recent processing studies of scalar implicatures have argued that generating an implicature carries a cost. In this study we investigated this cost using a sentence verification task similar to that of Bott and Noveck (2004) combined with a response deadline procedure to estimate speed and accuracy independently. Experiment 1 compared implicit upper-bound interpretations (some [but not all]) with lower-bound interpretations …

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Expert Performance By Athletes In The Verbal Estimation Of Spatial Extents Does Not Alter Their Perceptual Metric Of Space, Frank H. Durgin, Keenan R. Leonard-Solis , '12, Owen T. Masters , '12, Brittany P. Schmelz , '12, Z. Li

Psychology Faculty Works

Athletes often give more accurate estimates of egocentric distance along the ground than do non-athletes. To explore whether cognitive calibration was accompanied by perceptual change, athletes and non-athletes made verbal height and distance estimates and also did a perceptual matching task between perceived egocentric distances and frontal vertical extents. Both groups were well calibrated for height estimation for poles viewed frontally, but athletes were much better calibrated at estimating longer egocentric distances (which are systematically underestimated by non-athletes). Athletes were more likely to have learned specific units of ground distance from relevant sports contexts. Both groups reported using human height …

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A Comparison Of Two Theories Of Perceived Distance On The Ground Plane: The Angular Expansion Hypothesis And The Intrinsic Bias Hypothesis, Z. Li, Frank H. Durgin

Psychology Faculty Works

Two theories of distance perception-ie, the angular expansion hypothesis (Durgin and Li, 2011 Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 73 1856-1870) and the intrinsic bias hypothesis (Ooi et al, 2006 Perception 35 605-624)-are compared. Both theories attribute exocentric distance foreshortening to an exaggeration in perceived slant, but their fundamental geometrical assumptions are very different. The intrinsic bias hypothesis assumes a constant bias in perceived geographical slant of the ground plane and predicts both perceived egocentric and exocentric distances are increasingly compressed. In contrast, the angular expansion hypothesis assumes exaggerations in perceived gaze angle and perceived optical slant. Because the bias functions of …

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Willingness To Use Adhd Treatments: A Mixed Methods Study Of Perceptions By Adolescents, Parents, Health Professionals And Teachers, Regina Bussing, Mirka Koro-Ljungberg, Kenji Noguchi, Dana Mason, Gillian Mayerson, Cynthia W. Garvan

Faculty Publications

Little is known about factors that influence willingness to engage in treatment for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). From 2007 to 2008, in the context of a longitudinal study assessing ADHD detection and service use in the United States, we simultaneously elicited ADHD treatment perceptions from four stakeholder groups: adolescents, parents, health care professionals and teachers. We assessed their willingness to use ADHD interventions and views of potential undesirable effects of two pharmacological (short- and long-acting ADHD medications) and three psychosocial (ADHD education, behavior therapy, and counseling) treatments. In multiple regression analysis, willingness was found to be significantly related to respondent …

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Cultural Correlates Of Condom Use, Cecilia Brooke Cholka

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Hispanics are disproportionately contracting sexually transmitted infections relative to other ethnic groups. This study assessed the relationships between condom usage, acculturation, and cultural values (i.e., familismo, religiosity, machismo, and marianismo) in a Hispanic college student sample. Participants (N = 456) were recruited through Sona Systems, flyers, and in highly frequented areas on campus. After informed consent was obtained, participants completed measures of Hispanic cultural values, past condom use, and future intentions to use condoms. Hierarchical regression analyses were performed; dependent variables included condom use (lifetime) and future intentions to use condoms, while independent variables include sex/gender and relationship status (step …

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Therapeutic Riding: Effects On Emotional Well-Being In Adults, Jamie L. Lucas

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

Therapeutic interventions with horses are increasing and utilized to treat a number of ailments, including psychological ones. Despite the growth of these interventions, there has been little research performed, particularly quantitative, to determine efficacy. One proposed benefit of therapeutic riding, a particular type of intervention involving horses, is that it enhances or improves emotional well-being. This construct has been poorly defined and operationalized in the literature. The current study sought to operationalize and measure emotional well-being using a multidimensional model. Three proposed sub-domains of emotional well-being: positive affect, life satisfaction, and self-esteem were measured in adults prior to and after …

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A Punishment-Free, Toilet-Training Protocol For Children With Developmental Disabilities, Chelsea Lynn Pearsall

All Master's Theses

The present investigation adapted a behaviorally-based toilet-training protocol for use with two male children with developmental disabilities. Positive practice and verbal reprimands were eliminated, and reinforcement, scheduled sits, and a urine alarm were utilized. Data were collected on the number of intoilet urinations, urinary accidents, and self-initiations. Results show that both participants exhibited significant improvement in their toileting skills and met the final success criteria rapidly. These results were maintained through follow-up. Implications for the elimination of punishment procedures in future toilet training protocols are discussed.

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Exploring Ethical And Boundary Challenges In Outreach Psychotherapy: A Training Model, Susan M. Rogers

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

The need for outreach psychotherapists has increased considerably over the past few decades. Research suggests graduate training has not kept up with this phenomenon. Graduate students continue to be trained for in-clinic work, and are not prepared for the challenges of going into clients’ homes and into the community. The literature supports the necessity for therapists who will be doing outreach psychotherapy to be trained in working in these atypical settings, as many innate challenges exist in this work. Challenging mental health issues, distracting environmental issues, safety concerns, lack of collegial support and supervision in the field, feelings of isolation, …

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A Phenomenological Investigation Of Physician Job Satisfaction In Rural Integrated Primary Care, Jacob Brendan Austin

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

The job satisfaction of rural primary care physicians is of import given the crucial role these physicians play in rural health care systems and their consistent decline in numbers nationwide. The professional isolation of practicing in rural areas, particularly in accessing specialty care, creates greater burdens for rural physicians than their more urban counterparts, which likely contributes to their low level of job satisfaction. The shortage of mental health providers in rural areas in particular is thought to create a burden for rural primary care physicians, who generally neither have the time, training, nor expertise to adequately deal with complex …

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Passageworks: The Impact Of A Social-Emotional And Spiritual Learning Program Among Adolescents, Randi Hirschberg

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

Adolescence is a crucial developmental period in one's life. Unfortunately, our nation's youth are afflicted by high rates of risky behavior and psychiatric disorders that impact their ability for a successful future. Research indicates that school-based preventative social-emotional learning (SEL) programs can play a large role in improving the lives of adolescents. Despite this, few documented SEL program evaluations have examined their applicability to the fast growing Latino population. Latinos have been identified as more vulnerable to the problems among our youth than any other group. Identifying SEL programs that hold potential for decreasing these vulnerabilities is critical. Additionally, SEL …

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The Phenomenology Of Court-Ordered Treatment: From The Perspective Of Methamphetamine Dependent Adults, Justin Steffener

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

This phenomenological study was designed to explore with a sample of methamphetamine dependent adults their perceptions of the process involved in their experiences of court-ordered treatment. The motivation for this study derives from the researcher's wish to unearth ways to better understand and support the needs of adults suffering from addiction. A significant amount of research has already been conducted in regards to the treatment of methamphetamine addiction from the standpoint of quantitative measurements of treatment outcomes, but limited information is presently available from the perspective of the suffers. The stringent selection of the sample was composed of six individuals …

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(2012) "I Must Change My Life": A Review Of Mathew Lipman’S A Life Teaching Thinking, David K. Kennedy

Collected Papers of David Kennedy

Born in 1923 and recently deceased after a long struggle with Parkinson’s Disease, Matthew Lipman wrote this brief but detailed autobiography just before his illness made it impossible to write any more. It begins with memories of earliest childhood and his preoccupation with the possibility of being able to fly, moves through the years in which his family struggled with the effects of the Great Depression, through his service in the military during World War II, his discovery of the joy and beauty of philosophy, his quick academic rise at Columbia University, his sojourn in Paris, and his early and …

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Predictors Of Juvenile Court Dispositions In A First-Time Offender Population, Karen C. Kalmbach, Phillip M. Lyons

Psychology Faculty Publications (Archived)

Scholars and policy makers have long been troubled by the potential for some youth to receive disparate sanctioning as a function of extralegal factors, especially against the backdrop of ethnic/racial minority group overrepresentation in the juvenile justice system as a whole. Beginning in the late 1990s, many states began to adopt a graduated sanctions model in response to the emerging ‘get tough’ zeitgeist of the day. Originally intended by the federal government to reinforce juvenile accountability and to ensure equitable treatment of all youth in custody, some stakeholders began to note concerns about uneven outcomes in the use of graduated …

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Measuring The Effect Of Supported Employment Treatment On Self-Efficacy In Individuals With Severe Mental Illness, Meghan E. Szczebak

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

Competitive employment is a common goal for those with severe mental illness (SMI), and evidence shows that the majority of those with SMI want to work. However, despite the desire to work competitively, those with SMI have the highest unemployment rate of any disability group (Mueser, Salyers, & Muesar, 2001). The Recovery Model is an approach to Supported Employment that has provided hope for those with mental illness, as well as challenged treatment providers to adopt a more collaborative, optimistic approach to helping clients live fulfilling, self-directed lives. To increase employment for those with SMI, effective vocational rehabilitation methods must …

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General Recognition Theory Extended To Include Response Times: Predictions For A Class Of Parallel Systems, James T. Townsend, Joseph W. Houpt, Noah H. Silbert

Psychology Faculty Publications

General Recognition Theory (GRT; Ashby & Townsend, 1986) is a multidimensional theory of classification. Originally developed to study various types of perceptual independence, it has also been widely employed in diverse cognitive venues, such as categorization. The initial theory and applications have been static, that is, lacking a time variable and focusing on patterns of responses, such as confusion matrices. Ashby proposed a parallel, dynamic stochastic version of GRT with application to perceptual independence based on discrete linear systems theory with imposed noise (Ashby, 1989). The current study again focuses on cognitive/perceptual independence within an identification classification paradigm. We extend …

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The Processes Underlying Flexibility In Childhood, Lucy Cragg, Nicolas Chevalier

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

It is now well established in the adult literature that the ability to engage in flexible thought and action is a complex skill that relies on a number of underlying processes. The development of this skill has received growing interest in recent years. However, theories explaining children’s ability to switch between different tasks typically focus on a single underlying process and are rarely extended to explain development beyond the preschool years. This article reviews the current literature on set shifting in children in comparison with task switching in adults, in order to highlight the range of factors that impact on …

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The Discriminating Mother : Own V. Alien And Male V. Female, Eric Mcdaniel

Honors Theses

The Discriminating Mother: Own v. Alien and Male v. Female It is o en stated that one of the greatest bonds that exists is between mother and child. Previous research has shown that mothers experience modi cations in their brain chemistry and structure due to the e ects of pregnancy, parturition, and motherhood in animal models (Lambert & Kinsley, 2012). If an individual cannot have children of her own she may chose to adopt a child to l ll that niche and rge a similar bond. One may ask, however, whether this bond between mother and child is equivalent in …

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Bullying, Eve Brank, Lori Hoetger, Katherine Hazen

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The effects of bullying on the bully and the victim can be wide reaching, impacting schoolwork, familial and peer relationships, psychological well-being, and physical health. As such, schools work to implement different intervention and prevention programs. Additionally, a variety of both criminal and civil legal interventions have recently been used to prevent or punish bullying. Most US states have enacted antibullying legislation that prohibits bullying behaviors, but definitional issues that are present in the empirical research are also present in such statutes. For instance, some states focus only on physical forms of bullying or leave definitions entirely up to individual …

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Lifetime Sexual Victimization And Poor Risk Perception: Does Emotion Dysregulation Account For The Links?, Kate Walsh, David Dilillo, Terri L. Messman-Moore

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The present study examined whether and which facets of emotion dysregulation serve an interven-ing role in the association between prior victimization and risk perception in an analogue sexual assault vignette. Participants were 714 university women who completed self-report measures of sexual victimization, emotion dysregulation, and a computer-administered written vignette of a col-lege party scene that culminates in acquaintance rape. Approximately 42% of the sample reported lifetime sexual victimization during childhood, adolescence, or adulthood. Two individual aspects of emotion dysregulation, limited access to emotion regulation strategies and impulse control diffi-culties, mediated the association between lifetime victimization and leaving the scenario later. …

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Contributions Of Dynamic Systems Theory To Cognitive Development, John P. Spencer, Andrew Austin, Anne R. Schutte

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This paper examines the contributions of dynamic systems theory to the field of cognitive development, focusing on modeling using dynamic neural fields. A brief overview highlights the contributions of dynamic systems theory and the central concepts of dynamic field theory (DFT). We then probe empirical predictions and findings generated by DFT around two examples—the DFT of infant perseverative reaching that explains the Piagetian A-not-B error, and the DFT of spatial memory that explain changes in spatial cognition in early development. A systematic review of the literature around these examples reveals that computational modeling is having an impact on empirical research …

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Perception Of Resistance As A Predictor Of Self-Blame In College Women Who Have Experienced Sexual Assault, Mary Ashton Phillips

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between resistance and perception of resistance during sexual assault and feelings of self-blame in college aged women. The literature has shown that self-blame has uniformly negative effects on a victimized woman's emotional and psychological health, including poor adjustment, and higher levels of sexual dissatisfaction, depression and global distress. Behaviors and situations during and after the experience that correlate with self-blame that have been studied include alcohol use and knowing the perpetrator. Although other studies have been done showing that resistance is lower during those situations, no one has looked at …

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A Comprehensive And Individual Perspective: A New Model For Assessing Missionary Needs In Order To Prevent Burnout, Kyra Schellenberger

Senior Honors Theses

In the last 20-30 years, missionary burnout has become a popular topic in the missionary care and support community. Although much research has been done on the issue, few studies have provided a comprehensive approach to the study and appropriate care of these missionaries. The goal of this research was to present a model that more accurately represented missionary struggles while incorporating past findings on missionary burnout. Four retired missionaries were interviewed about their experiences on the field, and their estimation of the model’s relevancy and helpfulness. Despite similar experiences amongst the participants, the responses further confirmed the individual nature …

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The Effects Of Cultural Competence And Racial Identity Development On The Working Alliance In African-American And Caucasian Counseling Dyads: A Preliminary Analysis, Peter J. Scoma

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

Multicultural considerations in behavioral healthcare rightfully remain a point of interest for practitioners, administrators and educators alike. Attention to culturally sensitive practice as a core competency for mental health practitioners has become rooted in academic curriculum and clinical trainings (Bussema & Nemec, 2006; Schottler et al., 2004). Despite this increased awareness of culturally competent practice, the results of these efforts are unclear as minority utilization of behavioral healthcare services continues to decline (Flaskerud, 2007). Racial biases and prejudice are still apparent in administrative and institutional settings that aspire to integrate cultural competencies into their organizations (Sue & Sue, 2007). Literature …

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Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Spire: Social Program Innovation Research And Evaluation, Trudi Cooper

ECU Research Week

Biological Children Of Foster Carers. Are They Being Heard?, Anna Targowska, Susan Teather

ECU Research Week

Physical Restraints In Residential Facilities: Staff Members’ Perspectives, Mary Beth Ledoux

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

The Spatial Properties Of Music Perception: Differences In Visuo-Spatial Performance According To Musicianship And Interference Of Musical Structure, Christa Theresa Vassillière

Honors Papers

Delinquents After Exile: A Review Of Aftercare Programs, Jeremy Olson, Daniel R. Lee

Contemporary Issues in Juvenile Justice

Constant Enough: On The Kinds Of Perceptual Constancy Worth Having, Frank H. Durgin, Anna Jane Ruff , '09, Robert Calverley Russell , '08

Psychology Faculty Works

Therapeutic Communication From A Constructionist Standpoint, Kenneth J. Gergen, M. M. Gergen

Psychology Faculty Works

Distinguishing Speed From Accuracy In Scalar Implicatures, L. Bott, T. M. Bailey, Daniel J. Grodner

Psychology Faculty Works

Expert Performance By Athletes In The Verbal Estimation Of Spatial Extents Does Not Alter Their Perceptual Metric Of Space, Frank H. Durgin, Keenan R. Leonard-Solis , '12, Owen T. Masters , '12, Brittany P. Schmelz , '12, Z. Li

Psychology Faculty Works

A Comparison Of Two Theories Of Perceived Distance On The Ground Plane: The Angular Expansion Hypothesis And The Intrinsic Bias Hypothesis, Z. Li, Frank H. Durgin

Psychology Faculty Works

Willingness To Use Adhd Treatments: A Mixed Methods Study Of Perceptions By Adolescents, Parents, Health Professionals And Teachers, Regina Bussing, Mirka Koro-Ljungberg, Kenji Noguchi, Dana Mason, Gillian Mayerson, Cynthia W. Garvan

Faculty Publications

Cultural Correlates Of Condom Use, Cecilia Brooke Cholka

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Therapeutic Riding: Effects On Emotional Well-Being In Adults, Jamie L. Lucas

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

A Punishment-Free, Toilet-Training Protocol For Children With Developmental Disabilities, Chelsea Lynn Pearsall

All Master's Theses

Exploring Ethical And Boundary Challenges In Outreach Psychotherapy: A Training Model, Susan M. Rogers

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

A Phenomenological Investigation Of Physician Job Satisfaction In Rural Integrated Primary Care, Jacob Brendan Austin

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

Passageworks: The Impact Of A Social-Emotional And Spiritual Learning Program Among Adolescents, Randi Hirschberg

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

The Phenomenology Of Court-Ordered Treatment: From The Perspective Of Methamphetamine Dependent Adults, Justin Steffener

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

(2012) "I Must Change My Life": A Review Of Mathew Lipman’S A Life Teaching Thinking, David K. Kennedy

Collected Papers of David Kennedy

Predictors Of Juvenile Court Dispositions In A First-Time Offender Population, Karen C. Kalmbach, Phillip M. Lyons

Psychology Faculty Publications (Archived)

Measuring The Effect Of Supported Employment Treatment On Self-Efficacy In Individuals With Severe Mental Illness, Meghan E. Szczebak

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

General Recognition Theory Extended To Include Response Times: Predictions For A Class Of Parallel Systems, James T. Townsend, Joseph W. Houpt, Noah H. Silbert

Psychology Faculty Publications

The Processes Underlying Flexibility In Childhood, Lucy Cragg, Nicolas Chevalier

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The Discriminating Mother : Own V. Alien And Male V. Female, Eric Mcdaniel

Honors Theses

Bullying, Eve Brank, Lori Hoetger, Katherine Hazen

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Lifetime Sexual Victimization And Poor Risk Perception: Does Emotion Dysregulation Account For The Links?, Kate Walsh, David Dilillo, Terri L. Messman-Moore

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Contributions Of Dynamic Systems Theory To Cognitive Development, John P. Spencer, Andrew Austin, Anne R. Schutte

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Perception Of Resistance As A Predictor Of Self-Blame In College Women Who Have Experienced Sexual Assault, Mary Ashton Phillips

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A Comprehensive And Individual Perspective: A New Model For Assessing Missionary Needs In Order To Prevent Burnout, Kyra Schellenberger

Senior Honors Theses

The Effects Of Cultural Competence And Racial Identity Development On The Working Alliance In African-American And Caucasian Counseling Dyads: A Preliminary Analysis, Peter J. Scoma

PCOM Psychology Dissertations