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2009

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Articles 91 - 120 of 1412

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Perceptions Of School Civility: A Survey Of School Of Education Alumni, Keely Marie Swanson Nov 2009

Perceptions Of School Civility: A Survey Of School Of Education Alumni, Keely Marie Swanson

Theses and Dissertations

Very little empirical data exists on the topic of civility in schools, although much theory and philosophy are proffered in the literature. Literature on moral education and character education also informs the study of civility. Many of the philosophical theories mention education as a way of increasing civility in society. Some schools have attempted to implement various civility interventions and research supports the use of similar interventions to teach social skills; however, none have systematically collected data for these interventions to evaluate their effectiveness for teaching civility. The present research systematically gathered data on perceptions of civility and incivility in …

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A Comparison Study Between Instructional And Transformational Leadership Theories: Effects On Student Achievement And Teacher Job Satisfaction, Ryan Hamilton Shatzer Nov 2009

A Comparison Study Between Instructional And Transformational Leadership Theories: Effects On Student Achievement And Teacher Job Satisfaction, Ryan Hamilton Shatzer

Theses and Dissertations

This study examined the impact that school leaders have on teacher job satisfaction and student achievement. The threefold purpose of this study was to (1) compare transformational and instructional leadership theories, (2) examine the unique impact that school leaders have on student achievement and teacher job satisfaction after controlling for school context and principal demographics, and (3) find which specific leadership practices are associated with increased student achievement and teacher job satisfaction. Participants were 558 teachers from 37 elementary schools in the Intermountain West. Teachers completed the Teachers' Job Satisfaction Scale (TJSS), and were randomly assigned to complete the Multifactor …

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The Genetic Epidemiology Of Purging Disorder, Anorexia Nervosa, And Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder, Sara Trace Nov 2009

The Genetic Epidemiology Of Purging Disorder, Anorexia Nervosa, And Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder, Sara Trace

Theses and Dissertations

Although a variety of factors influence the development of eating disorders, genetic factors contribute notably to their etiology. Understanding genetic factors associated with eating disorders is important, as they can influence how these disorders are recognized, researched, and treated. This dissertation included two studies addressing important questions within the fields of eating disorders and genetics; specifically, Study 1 addressed the prevalence and heritability of purging and purging disorder in a population-based sample of female twins from the United States; and Study 2 investigated the nature of the co-morbidity between anorexia nervosa and obsessive compulsive personality disorder in a population-based sample …

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Parent Functioning And Child Psychotherapy Outcomes: Predicting Outcomes In Usual Care, Anna Elise Packard Nov 2009

Parent Functioning And Child Psychotherapy Outcomes: Predicting Outcomes In Usual Care, Anna Elise Packard

Theses and Dissertations

A prominent need in the youth psychotherapy literature includes the examination of mechanisms of change within the context of "real world" clinical settings, where the practice of psychotherapy differs significantly from that in controlled clinical trials. In examining mechanisms of change in youth psychotherapy, variables related to parent functioning may be among the most important factors to consider in predicting and promoting good child outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate three important aspects of parent functioning—psychological symptom distress, interpersonal relations, and social role performance—as potential predictors of successful treatment outcomes in a traditional community outpatient treatment …

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The Effectiveness Of Religiously Tailored Couple Counseling, Joshua Hook Nov 2009

The Effectiveness Of Religiously Tailored Couple Counseling, Joshua Hook

Theses and Dissertations

Large numbers of couples seek treatment from religious counselors who integrate religion and spirituality (R/S) into counseling. The present dissertation reviewed the literature examining the effectiveness of R/S counseling. Several R/S treatments were helpful in treating psychological problems. There was little evidence that R/S treatments outperformed secular treatments. In Study 1, a nationwide survey was conducted that examined the beliefs of Christian counselors about integrating R/S into couple counseling. Christian counselors (N = 630) completed measures of religious commitment, experience in couple counseling, attitudes toward using religious techniques in couple counseling, and the use of theory in couple counseling. Counselors …

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Understanding Attitudes To Refugees And Immigrants In Australia, Winnifred Louis Nov 2009

Understanding Attitudes To Refugees And Immigrants In Australia, Winnifred Louis

Migration and Ethnic Relations Colloquium Series

No abstract provided.

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Portrayal Of Characters With Disabilities In Newbery Books, Melissa Leininger Nov 2009

Portrayal Of Characters With Disabilities In Newbery Books, Melissa Leininger

Theses and Dissertations

Newbery books represent quality literature that is likely to be used for bibliotherapy, yet these books have not been systematically evaluated for their portrayal of characters with disabilities. Thirty Newbery Award and Honor books from 1975–2008 were identified that contained 40 characters with disabilities. These books were evaluated using a rating scale that combines literary standards and standards relating to individuals with disabilities. The types of disabilities and personal characteristics such as gender, age, and race were documented and the personal portrayal of characters with disabilities and exemplary practices in these books were evaluated. This information was compared to the …

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Affective Well-Being In Retirement: The Influence Of Values, Money, And Health Across Three Years, Andrew Burr, Jonathan Bruce Santo, Dolores Pushkar Nov 2009

Affective Well-Being In Retirement: The Influence Of Values, Money, And Health Across Three Years, Andrew Burr, Jonathan Bruce Santo, Dolores Pushkar

Psychology Faculty Publications

In this study, personal values, health, and financial status were investigated as determinants of affective well-bring in a sample of 371 recent retirees across 3 years. Personal values, measured with the Portrait Value Questionnaire (Schwartz et al. in J Cross Cult Psychol 32:519–542, 2001), were hypothesized to show direct links to positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) as well as to moderate the association between financial and health status and affective well-being. Using structural equation modeling, higher PA was predicted by female gender, better finances, fewer illnesses, and higher self-transcendence (ST), openness to change (OC), and conservation values. Higher …

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Juvenile Delinquency And Violence: Examining International Police And Societal Response, Gordon A. Crews, Angela West Crews Nov 2009

Juvenile Delinquency And Violence: Examining International Police And Societal Response, Gordon A. Crews, Angela West Crews

Criminal Justice Faculty Research

This presentation comparatively examines relationships in the United States, Eastern and Central Europe, Scandinavia, and parts of the Middle East among juvenile violence, "heavy metal" music, substance abuse, and participation in occult and "alternative" youth groups (e.g., Wicca, Satanism, vampirism, Goth). We trace the movement of certain groups, behaviors, and preferences and make a correlation between some of these movements and an increase in youth violence and substance abuse. The authors use results from surveys and participant observations in the U.S., Copenhagen, Germany, the Netherlands, & the Middle East (Egypt & Turkey) that indicate, however, that mere participation in these …

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Alcohol Use And Gender Effects On Hiv Risk Behaviors In Cocaine-Using Methadone Patients, Carla J. Rash, Nancy M. Petry Nov 2009

Alcohol Use And Gender Effects On Hiv Risk Behaviors In Cocaine-Using Methadone Patients, Carla J. Rash, Nancy M. Petry

UCHC Articles - Research

Injection drug users engage in behaviors that increase the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other infectious diseases. Although methadone maintenance (MM) is highly effective in decreasing heroin use and the spread of HIV, polydrug use, especially the combined use of cocaine and alcohol, is common in MM patients. Alcohol use is independently associated with HIV risk behaviors, and the effects of alcohol use on risk behaviors may vary by gender. This study evaluated the effects of recent heavy alcohol use and gender with respect to HIV risk behaviors in 118 cocaine-abusing methadone patients. Both lifetime and past month …

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Relationship Of Cigarette Smoking And The Habits Of A Smoker’S Family, Danielle Strasser Nov 2009

Relationship Of Cigarette Smoking And The Habits Of A Smoker’S Family, Danielle Strasser

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

The purpose of this study was to see if there is a co relational relationship between an individual’s smoking habits and the smoking habits of his/her family. There were hopes of finding a relationship between people’s habits and whether their smoking relative is biologically related or not. The hypothesis seeks to find a relationship between an individual’s smoking habits and the smoking habits of their family. There were seventy-eight undergraduate students from Lindenwood University surveyed and only eight were smokers. Thirty-seven point five percent, or three out of eight, smokers in the study had a mom that smoked, and the …

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General Perceptions Of Homosexuality In A Small Private University In The Greater Saint Louis Area, Verenna Huerta, Taylor Morrill Nov 2009

General Perceptions Of Homosexuality In A Small Private University In The Greater Saint Louis Area, Verenna Huerta, Taylor Morrill

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

Homosexuality has long been a major topic of concern among political, social, and religious agendas. Societies have either labeled homosexuality as deviant or non-deviant behavior. This type of categorization has lead to many negative assumptions about those who hold a different type of sexual orientation other than heterosexual. According to Pachankis and Goldfried, (2008, p. 3), “Gay male undergraduate students reported a higher fear of negative evaluation and greater social interaction anxiety than did heterosexual students.” Students in educational systems who are homosexual, bisexual, lesbian, or transgendered often battle with peer evaluation. The knowledge of students’ perceptions, attitudes, and comfort …

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Fall 2009, Full Issue Nov 2009

Fall 2009, Full Issue

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

No abstract provided.

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The Power Of Dance: How Dance And Emotion Connect, Krista Blankenship, Chastin Oliver Nov 2009

The Power Of Dance: How Dance And Emotion Connect, Krista Blankenship, Chastin Oliver

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

The purpose of this study was to test whether or not audiences could experience emotions portrayed by dance performances. The researchers hypothesized that if the audience can identify the emotion being expressed, then they would experience that same emotion. The researchers also predicted that music would cause a greater level of emotional reaction to the performance. The participants watched two dance videos, one portraying a sad emotion and the other a love/passion emotion and rated their emotional reactions. After analyzing the data, the hypothesis was proven only partially correct. The participants who correctly identified the emotion portrayed in the video …

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Picture Perfect Job: An Analysis Of The Effects Of Weight On Internship Interviews, John R. Gatermann, Kimberly N. Gould Nov 2009

Picture Perfect Job: An Analysis Of The Effects Of Weight On Internship Interviews, John R. Gatermann, Kimberly N. Gould

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

The purpose of this study was to discover if weight perception has an effect on obtaining an internship. It was hypothesized that a less qualified individual with an average weight appearance will be chosen more often than a qualified person who was above average weight when compared for an internship. Furthermore, people’s perception of weight and how they perceive others based on weight was observed. In the study, participants were directed to evaluate two resumes: one being qualified and one being unqualified and each having either an average weight or above average weight candidate’s photo identification attached. Then, the participants …

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Coffee Preferences And Personality, Kristin E. Lantzy Nov 2009

Coffee Preferences And Personality, Kristin E. Lantzy

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

This study explored the relationship between the personality traits of conscientiousness and openness and coffee habits/preferences. A total of 50 participants were included in the study. All participants took part in a personality survey, and those who were coffee drinkers took part in a secondary survey assessing their coffee drinking habits/preferences. Participants with high openness scores had a weak positive correlation with the average cups of coffee consumed per week. They consumed slightly more cups of coffee/week on average. Participants with high conscientiousness scores had a weak negative correlation with the average cups of coffee consumed per week. These participants …

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A Phenomenological Study Of Clinicians Treating Traumagenic Compulsions Resulting From Childhood Sexual Abuse, Albert Sarno Nov 2009

A Phenomenological Study Of Clinicians Treating Traumagenic Compulsions Resulting From Childhood Sexual Abuse, Albert Sarno

Faculty Dissertations

Various types of traumatic compulsive behaviors have been observed by practicing mental health clinicians and yet there is a lack of consensus among such clinicians for treating people in such a problematic state when there is also a history of childhood sexual abuse. Ten seasoned clinicians, each with over 15 years experience in treating patients with traumagenic compulsions and childhood sexual abuse were interviewed to explore their lived experience treating people with traumagenic compulsions due to childhood sexual abuse. A phenomenological design was used to asses the data collected in the study. The data were analyzed to determine the best …

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An Examination Of Love And Marital Satisfaction In Long-Term Marriages, Rebeca Isabel Estrada Nov 2009

An Examination Of Love And Marital Satisfaction In Long-Term Marriages, Rebeca Isabel Estrada

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

There has been little marital research that focuses on contributing factors to successful long-term marriage and even less focus on the role that love plays in long-term marriage. As a means of furthering this research, the purpose of the current study was to examine levels of satisfaction in couples in long-term marriages and to identify contributing factors to an enduring marriage. This study also examined the significance of love and changes in love after 35+ years of marriage. Through the use of qualitative methodology five couples who were self-identified as "happy" in their marriage and who had been married at …

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Systems Of Care And The Prevention Of Mental Health Problems For Children And Their Families: Integrating Counseling Psychology And Public Health Perspectives, Melissa L. Whitson, Stanley N. Bernard, Joy S. Kaufman Nov 2009

Systems Of Care And The Prevention Of Mental Health Problems For Children And Their Families: Integrating Counseling Psychology And Public Health Perspectives, Melissa L. Whitson, Stanley N. Bernard, Joy S. Kaufman

Psychology Faculty Publications

The purpose of this paper is to present systems of care as an example of how counseling psychology and public health overlap with regards to prevention and intervention approaches for children's mental health. A framework for prevention is presented as is the state of children's mental health promotion, with a particular focus on ecological and systemic approaches to children's mental health and how these approaches cut across multiple perspectives. Systems of care are highlighted as an example of the congruence of prevention and ecological or systemic approaches to address the mental health promotion of children and their families, with the …

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Prologue, Michiko Nohara-Leclair Nov 2009

Prologue, Michiko Nohara-Leclair

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

No abstract provided.

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The Sense Of Smell And Its Effect On Attraction, Grant Perkins Nov 2009

The Sense Of Smell And Its Effect On Attraction, Grant Perkins

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

The effect of cologne/perfume on attractiveness was examined, as well as the differences between the effect of cologne/perfume and sex. Twenty-seven participants ranging from 18-22 years of age were recruited for the experiment. The purpose of this study was to determine if putting cologne/perfume on an individual will make that person more attractive to the opposite sex than if he/she did not put on cologne/perfume. The rationale behind this is that there are a lot of advertisements about cologne and perfume that portray the people in the advertisements as more desirable after he/she sprays cologne on their skin. The hypothesis …

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The Influence Of Affective Ties On Children's Consequential Reasoning About Ambiguous Provocation Situations, Jennifer R. Maulden Nov 2009

The Influence Of Affective Ties On Children's Consequential Reasoning About Ambiguous Provocation Situations, Jennifer R. Maulden

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Past models (i.e., Crick and Dodge, 1994) of children’s social information processing (SIP) have neglected to include the role of emotions in children’s reasoning during social situations. A recent reformulation (Lemerise and Arsenio, 2000) updated Crick and Dodge’s model to incorporate emotions and their impact on children’s processing. Since then, studies have examined the influence of emotion in children’s SIP, but few have investigated the impact of children’s affective ties with their peers. This study explores the effect of the participant’s relationship with the provocateur on subsequent consequential reasoning concerning possible hostile, passive, and competent response; in addition, it addresses …

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Stability, Change, And Heritability Of Borderline Personality Disorder Traits From Adolescence To Adulthood: A Longitudinal Twin Study, Marina Bornovalova, Brian M Hicks, William G Iacono, Matt Mcgue Nov 2009

Stability, Change, And Heritability Of Borderline Personality Disorder Traits From Adolescence To Adulthood: A Longitudinal Twin Study, Marina Bornovalova, Brian M Hicks, William G Iacono, Matt Mcgue

Psychology Faculty Publications

Although personality disorders are best understood in the context of lifetime development, there is a paucity of work examining their longitudinal trajectory. An understanding of the expected course and the genetic and environmental contributions to these disorders is necessary for a detailed understanding of risk processes that lead to their manifestation. The current study examined the longitudinal course and heritability of borderline personality disorder (BPD) over a period of 10 years starting in adolescence (age 14) and ending in adulthood (age 24). In doing so, we built on existing research by using a large community sample of adolescent female twins, …

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Latino Definitions Of Success: A Cultural Model Of Intercultural Competence, Lucas Torres Nov 2009

Latino Definitions Of Success: A Cultural Model Of Intercultural Competence, Lucas Torres

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

The present study sought to examine Latino intercultural competence via two separate methodologies. Phase 1 entailed discovering and generating themes regarding the features of intercultural competence based on semistructured interviews of 15 Latino adults. Phase 2 included conducting a cultural consensus analysis from the quantitative responses of 46 Latino adults to determine the cultural model of intercultural competence. The major results indicated that the participants, despite variations in socioeconomic and generational statuses, shared a common knowledge base regarding the competencies needed for Latinos to successfully navigate different cultures. Overall, the cultural model of Latino intercultural competence includes a set of …

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Men’S Misperceptions About The Acceptability And Attractiveness Of Aggression, Joseph A. Vandello, Sean Ransom, Vanessa E. Hettinger, Kevin Askew Nov 2009

Men’S Misperceptions About The Acceptability And Attractiveness Of Aggression, Joseph A. Vandello, Sean Ransom, Vanessa E. Hettinger, Kevin Askew

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Male norms about aggression may be perpetuated in part by the belief that aggression is more expected or socially desirable than it really is. This paper explores the accuracy of people’s beliefs about the acceptability of aggression by examining men’s perceptions of descriptive (what their peers do) and injunctive norms (what their peers approve of or desire). Study 1 found that men (but not women) overestimated the aggressiveness of their peers. Study 2 demonstrated that men (but not women) overestimated peer approval of aggression and disapproval when an affront was not responded to aggressively. Study 3 found that men overestimate …

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Social Science In A Water Observing System, John B. Braden, Daniel G. Brown, Jeff Dozier, Patricia Gober, Sara M. Hughes, David R. Maidment, Sandra L. Schneider, P. Wesley Schultz, James S. Shortle, Stephen K. Swallow, Carol M. Werner Nov 2009

Social Science In A Water Observing System, John B. Braden, Daniel G. Brown, Jeff Dozier, Patricia Gober, Sara M. Hughes, David R. Maidment, Sandra L. Schneider, P. Wesley Schultz, James S. Shortle, Stephen K. Swallow, Carol M. Werner

Psychology Faculty Publications

We set forth an argument for the integration of social science research with natural science and engineering research in major research infrastructure investments addressing water science. A program of integrated observation of water resources offers great opportunities to address several environmental “grand challenges” identified by the National Research Council, including climate variability, institutions and resource use, and land use dynamics, and their importance for hydrologic forecasting. We argue that such a program has the potential to advance both water science and the contributing disciplines. However, to realize this potential, it is essential to recognize that social science requires critical infrastructure …

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Review Of Interventions For Parental Depression From Toddlerhood To Adolescence, R. C. Boyd, Jane Gillham Nov 2009

Review Of Interventions For Parental Depression From Toddlerhood To Adolescence, R. C. Boyd, Jane Gillham

Psychology Faculty Works

Because of the recurrent course, significant burden, and intergenerational impact of depression, there is a great need for interventions for depressed parents and their children. This article reviews eight interventions that 1) aim to impact the functioning and well-being of 18-month to 18-year old children of depressed parents and 2) have been evaluated in controlled studies. The interventions are described and the empirical evidence of their efficacy is reviewed and critiqued. Existing research points to several promising intervention strategies, such as psychoeducation about parental depression, addressing parenting in adult depression treatment, promoting positive parent-child interactions, and teaching coping skills to …

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Comparison Of Gpa Between Students Involved And Uninvolved In A Relationship, Jessica M. Vaeth Nov 2009

Comparison Of Gpa Between Students Involved And Uninvolved In A Relationship, Jessica M. Vaeth

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

College is a journey full of living, failing, learning and experiences that brings an individual a little bit further along life. In today’s society, relationships are existent in many universities, and some students may be faced with that exact same dilemma. I decided to do my research project on a comparison of GPA between students who are in a relationship and those we are not. A relationship is defined as follows: a romantic, committed bond between two people for a minimum of a month. I assessed this information by distributing a 10 question survey to 92 undergraduate college students. After …

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Relationships Between Electronic Communications And Interpersonal Relationships, Cindy Klimaszewski Nov 2009

Relationships Between Electronic Communications And Interpersonal Relationships, Cindy Klimaszewski

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

With technology use on the rise, interpersonal communication is changing. The following study was intended to assess the relationship between the amount of time people spend engaging in electronic communications versus the amount of time they spend in face-to-face interaction. It was hypothesized that the two are inversely related. However, results showed that there is no relationship, but there were several other interesting observations made that were supported by previous research. Future studies should be conducted on a larger scale for a more accurate assessment.

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Courtesy On Campus: How Far Away Does A Person Have To Be Before The Door Is Held?, Kristen Frederick Nov 2009

Courtesy On Campus: How Far Away Does A Person Have To Be Before The Door Is Held?, Kristen Frederick

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

Many times while coming to the doors of a building the person who entered or exited before just lets the door shut in others’ face. It was thought that the door was less likely to be held ten minutes before a class period started (when people tend to be more rushed) than ten minutes after a class period starts. It was also thought that men are more courteous in public than women. The fundamental attribution error is used to explain peoples’ behaviors in public. The concept behind this is, people tend to do things because of an internal disposition like …

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