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2008

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Articles 331 - 360 of 1093

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Broadening International Perspectives On The Legal Environment For Personnel Selection, Brett Myors, Filip Lievens, Greet Van Hoye, Steven F Cronshaw, Antonio Mladinic, Viviana Rodriguez, Herman Aguinis, Dirk D Steiner, Florence Rolland, Heinz Schuler, Andreas Frintrup, Ioannis Nikolaou, Maria Tomprou, S Subramony, Shabu B Raj, Shay Tzafrir, Peter Bamberger, Marilena Bertolino, Marco Mariani, Franco Fraccaroli Jun 2008

Broadening International Perspectives On The Legal Environment For Personnel Selection, Brett Myors, Filip Lievens, Greet Van Hoye, Steven F Cronshaw, Antonio Mladinic, Viviana Rodriguez, Herman Aguinis, Dirk D Steiner, Florence Rolland, Heinz Schuler, Andreas Frintrup, Ioannis Nikolaou, Maria Tomprou, S Subramony, Shabu B Raj, Shay Tzafrir, Peter Bamberger, Marilena Bertolino, Marco Mariani, Franco Fraccaroli

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Perspectives from 22 countries on aspects of the legal environment for selection are presented. Issues addressed include a) whether there are racial/ethnic/religious subgroups viewed as “disadvantaged minority”, b) whether research documents mean differences between groups on individual difference measures relevant to job performance, whether there are laws prohibiting discrimination against specific groups, d) what is required to make and refute a claim of discrimination, e) what are the consequences of violation of the laws, f) whether particular selection methods are limited or banned, g) whether preferential treatment of members of minority groups is permitted, and h) whether the practice of …

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The Psychophysiology Of Information Processing Differences In Eating Disorders, Kathryn Grace Truitt Jun 2008

The Psychophysiology Of Information Processing Differences In Eating Disorders, Kathryn Grace Truitt

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Maladaptive or dysfunctional cognitive factors are believed to be significant contributors to pathology in eating disorders. The emotional Stroop task was used to examine [the] these dysfunctional cognitive factors. A sample of 31 women (14 nonclinical controls, 13 BN, 4 AN) participated in this investigation, after exclusion for ocular and movement artifacts and equipment problems the remaining sample contained 4 women diagnosed with BN, 4 women diagnosed with AN, and 9 matched non-clinical control subjects. Participants completed an Emotional Stroop task comprised of 8 blocks of words. On each trial, a word was presented in one of four colors (black, …

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Early Intervention For Children With Autism, Jody M. Classen May 2008

Early Intervention For Children With Autism, Jody M. Classen

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine early intervention programs for children with autism to determine if the program will have a successful outcome. This study involved 34 children from birth to three years of age. Each child participated in an early childhood intervention program in Southern New Jersey. The children were divided into two groups. An independent sample t-test was conducted from the data to find a statistically significant difference within the children. It was not, however, significant in the children of the early intervention program.

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Emotional Speech Corpus Construction, Annotation And Distribution, Brian Vaughan, Charlie Cullen, Spyros Kousidis, John Mcauley May 2008

Emotional Speech Corpus Construction, Annotation And Distribution, Brian Vaughan, Charlie Cullen, Spyros Kousidis, John Mcauley

Conference papers

This paper details a process of creating an emotional speech corpus by collecting natural emotional speech assets, analysisng and tagging them (for certain acoustic and linguistic features) and annotating them within an on-line database. The definition of specific metadata for use with an emotional speech corpus is crucial, in that poorly (or inaccurately) annotated assets are of little use in analysis. This problem is compounded by the lack of standardisation for speech corpora, particularly in relation to emotion content. The ISLE Metadata Initiative (IMDI) is the only cohesive attempt at corpus metadata standardisation performed thus far. Although not a comprehensive …

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The Relationship Between Psychological Well-Being And Work Productivity: Validation Of The Oq Productivity Index, Vinessa Kaye Trotter May 2008

The Relationship Between Psychological Well-Being And Work Productivity: Validation Of The Oq Productivity Index, Vinessa Kaye Trotter

Theses and Dissertations

Managed Mental Health Care (MMHC) began blanketing the United States when cost of care rose exponentially. MMHC is one avenue many employers and insurance companies have chosen to provide employees with mental health treatment at controlled costs. However, not all employers view supplying their employees with mental health treatment beneficial, as they do not know mental health problems can significantly decrease work productivity. Brown and Jones (2005) used the Social Role Scale (SR) of the Severe Outcome Questionnaire (SOQ) to estimate work productivity in employees under the assumption that the scale measures work productivity. The purpose of this study was …

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The Real Third Way, Barry Schwartz May 2008

The Real Third Way, Barry Schwartz

Psychology Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

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An Exploration Of The Differences In Psychology Faculty And Graduate Students' Participation In Mental Health Legislation And Barriers To Advocacy, Jennifer Marie Gronholt May 2008

An Exploration Of The Differences In Psychology Faculty And Graduate Students' Participation In Mental Health Legislation And Barriers To Advocacy, Jennifer Marie Gronholt

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

There has been limited investigation into the reasons why, despite positive attitudes toward the concept of activism, psychologists do not frequently participate in advocacy of professional issues. The purpose of this study is to explore the differences between faculty and graduate student participation in legislative advocacy and to identify the barriers to participation in advocacy in general for both faculty and graduate students. Graduate students and faculty members from psychology graduate programs affiliated with the National Council of Schools of Professional Psychology (NCSPP) were asked to participate in an email survey. Faculty members were found to participate more frequently than …

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The Evidence And The Expert: Judgments Of Their Relative Importance In Confession Adjudication, Morgan S. Moffa May 2008

The Evidence And The Expert: Judgments Of Their Relative Importance In Confession Adjudication, Morgan S. Moffa

Psychology Theses

Forensic evidence is gaining prominence in both the media and in courts. As a result, the role of expert witness testimony in cases involving a disputed confession is unclear. The current study examined the effects of expert witness testimony, commonly-used interrogation tactics, and equivocal forensic evidence, on perceptions both the expert and the evidence. Results indicated perceptions of forensic evidence were a function of expert witness testimony, suggesting the influence of expert testimony on confessions is not limited to perceptions of the interrogation. In addition, evaluations of reliability and probative validity of forensic-type evidence indicated participants’ difficulty in distinguishing between …

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Alcoholedu: Does It Work?, Jennifer Sousa May 2008

Alcoholedu: Does It Work?, Jennifer Sousa

Pell Scholars and Senior Theses

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and consumption patterns of incoming freshmen college students of Salve Regina University befor and after going through AlcoholEDU, a comprehensive online alcohol awareness program. A pre-test, post-test design was used to assess the overall impact of AlcoholEDU as well as the additional interventions that the experimental group participated in. These interventions consisted of a series of newspaper articles, a Discovery Channel film and a YouTube presentation. The Alcohol Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Young Adult Alcohol Problems Screening Test (YAAPST) and the College Alcohol Problems Scale - Revised (CAPS-r) …

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Implicit Theories Of Relationships : Prediction Of Dating Strategies And Relationship Initiation, Heather Stone May 2008

Implicit Theories Of Relationships : Prediction Of Dating Strategies And Relationship Initiation, Heather Stone

Honors Theses

The present study aimed to merge research on initial attraction and implicit theories of relationships by examining how beliefs about relationships influence dating strategies. Research has examined role of implicit theories in the functioning of existing relationships but there is much room for growth in the area of initial attraction and dating strategies. Results revealed that destiny theory (theory that relationships are either meant to be or not) predicted increased likelihood of internet dating, a lower frequency of dating, and dating to avoid loneliness and missing opportunities. Growth theory (theory that relationships improve by cultivation and development) predicted dating to …

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Predicting Behavior From Psychopathic And Antisocial Personality Traits In A Student Sample., Maryann Stone May 2008

Predicting Behavior From Psychopathic And Antisocial Personality Traits In A Student Sample., Maryann Stone

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Psychopathic personality is associated with a myriad of social and behavioral problems including violence, criminal activity, and overall failure to conform to social standards. In this study, psychopathic and antisocial personality traits are measured in a sample of college students via self-report surveys using questions derived from Hare's Psychopathic Checklist-Revised (PCL-R; 1991). Reliability and factor analyses were used to validate the inventory and create factor-based indices that were used to predict antisocial behavioral outcomes including violence, seeking revenge on persecutors, and suicidal ideation, in addition to other analogous and deviant behaviors. Findings showed a relationship between personality and behavior indicating …

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Just Say “Nootropic”: The Effects Of Nicotine On Memory And Learning, Elyse N. Goveia May 2008

Just Say “Nootropic”: The Effects Of Nicotine On Memory And Learning, Elyse N. Goveia

Psychology Honors Papers

This study investigated the effects of nicotine on memory and learning in adolescent and adult male Fischer-344 rats. Rats were given 0.2 mg/kg/day of either nicotine or saline chronically for 2 weeks and were tested in the Morris water maze as adolescents (Phase 1) and then again 4 months later as adults (Phase 2). There were 4 main groups: nicotine/nicotine, nicotine/saline, saline/nicotine, and saline/saline. In Phase 2 rats were tested for c-Fos and BrdU expression in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Behavioral data indicated that as adults, rats given nicotine were significantly improved at the water maze task compared …

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Prologue, Michiko Nohara-Leclair May 2008

Prologue, Michiko Nohara-Leclair

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

No abstract provided.

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Promoting Positive Youth Development The Miami Youth Development Project (Ydp), William M. Kurtines, Laura Ferrer-Wreder, Steven L. Berman, Carolyn Cass Lorente, Ervin Briones, Marilyn J. Montgomery, Richard Albrecht, Arlen J. Garcia, Ondina Arrufat May 2008

Promoting Positive Youth Development The Miami Youth Development Project (Ydp), William M. Kurtines, Laura Ferrer-Wreder, Steven L. Berman, Carolyn Cass Lorente, Ervin Briones, Marilyn J. Montgomery, Richard Albrecht, Arlen J. Garcia, Ondina Arrufat

Faculty Publications - Graduate School of Counseling

The Miami Youth Development Project (YDP) had its beginnings in the early 1990s as a grassroots response to the needs of troubled (multiproblem) young people in the community (Arnett, Kurtines, & Montgomery, 2008, this issue). YDP is an important outcome of efforts to create positive youth development interventions that draw on the strengths of developmental intervention science outreach research in the development of community-supported positive development programs (i.e., an approach that focuses on meeting community needs as well as youth needs by generating innovative knowledge of evidence-based change intervention strategies that are feasible, affordable, and sustainable in “real world” settings, …

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The Relationship Of Work And Grades Among Undergraduate Students, Stefanie Thomas, Sarah Scaturro May 2008

The Relationship Of Work And Grades Among Undergraduate Students, Stefanie Thomas, Sarah Scaturro

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

Full-time undergraduate students take a minimum of 12 credit hours per week and several of them also work part-time jobs outside of school. If an inverse relationship exists between grades and work, it could potentially affect students’ choices. In the present study, 84 participants filled out a survey with questions pertaining to the subject of grades and work, in addition to other variables like sex and grade status. We found a fairly strong inverse relationship existed between a student’s G.P.A. and the number of hours a student worked outside of school. We found a strong relationship exists between the total …

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Sleep Soundly, Mike Browne, Adam Saito May 2008

Sleep Soundly, Mike Browne, Adam Saito

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

College students are constantly torn between a social life and an academic life. The erratic and crazy lifestyle that they live is one of a kind, and the things they do can greatly affect their grades. One of the things that many people believe is that better quality of sleep can lead to better grades in school. Through this experiment we tried to find statistical significance to support the hypothesis that lower sleep debt would relate to a higher GPA. We analyzed the surveys of 68 students, 39 women and 29 men, to rate sleep debt and record their associated …

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Defining Acquaintance Rape: College Students' Perceptions Of Sexual Consent And Coercion, Sara Elizabeth Buck Doude May 2008

Defining Acquaintance Rape: College Students' Perceptions Of Sexual Consent And Coercion, Sara Elizabeth Buck Doude

Dissertations

Perceptions of rape have evolved dramatically over the past decade. Prior to the second wave of the feminist movement, rape was perceived to be committed by a psychotic man against a woman. The feminist movement brought the term "acquaintance rape" into the popular lexicon and into the forefront of women's consciousness. As a result, throughout the 1970s and 1980s state governments enacted laws to prohibit "sexual assault," or expanded existing rape laws to include a variety of relationships or sexual acts. However, public perceptions of rape did not evolve as rapidly. Despite legislative efforts, there is no universally understood definition …

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The Relationship Of Emotional Regulation To Relational And Overt Aggression In Middle Childhood, Allison H. Hartzoge May 2008

The Relationship Of Emotional Regulation To Relational And Overt Aggression In Middle Childhood, Allison H. Hartzoge

Graduate Theses

As female juvenile delinquency for violence increases, the need for understanding the development of aggression as it relates to girls is also increasing. Most often, aggression is described and measured in terms of overt behaviors meant to cause physical harm and these behaviors have been found most commonly in boys. However, more recent research indicates that girls possess a relational aggression that can be best described as behaviors such as gossiping, exclusion and threatening friendships or any behavior that means to harm the relationship. In this research, these aggressive behaviors are studied to determine their relationship to emotional regulation; that …

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Think Again, Allison J. Smith, Rachael E. Wilson May 2008

Think Again, Allison J. Smith, Rachael E. Wilson

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

A study was conducted to determine if people recall events as they actually exist or if schemas and prior expectations profoundly distort memories. The purpose was to establish if typical items present and not present in a particular scene would be recalled most frequently due to false memory, and if people are skeptical of their own mental abilities. Participants (n=45) briefly viewed 3 photos with typical and atypical items present and not present, then selected items they believed were in the picture. Analysis of the data partially supported our hypothesis because it indicated that typical and atypical items present were …

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The Power Of Music, Michelle Bella, Tijana Redzepovic, Kandice Schroeder May 2008

The Power Of Music, Michelle Bella, Tijana Redzepovic, Kandice Schroeder

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

Music can influence one’s mood and alter one’s concentration, either in a positive way or a negative way. Such as classical music tends to soothe and focus one’s mood where as techno seems to excite and distract one’s mood. The main objective of this experiment is to determine whether one’s memory is more efficient and improves when presented with classical music rather than techno while studying a list of words. In this study, 30 participants performed a series of memory test while listening to classical, techno and no music at all. Although, music did not seem to affect performance on …

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Does Time Distract?, Zachary A. Pashea May 2008

Does Time Distract?, Zachary A. Pashea

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

The purpose of this study was to determine if the implementation of placing a large clock in front of someone would affect their performance level on a timed task. Twenty-eight undergraduate students were asked to complete a word find. Fifteen of the undergraduate students were simply told when to start and stop working while the rest possessed knowledge of exactly how much time they had left by way of a large clock, which was placed in front of them. I hypothesized that participants with the large clock in front of them would find fewer words. The results revealed a statistically …

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Work Ethic In America: Urban Vs. Rural, Lindsey D. Geeding May 2008

Work Ethic In America: Urban Vs. Rural, Lindsey D. Geeding

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

The present study was conducted in order to see if there were any differences in work ethic between urban and rural areas in America. The subjects were recruited from Lindenwood University Human Subjects Pool. The subjects were given a questionnaire created by the researcher, and a survey created by Mirles and Garrett (1997). As the results showed, there were not enough participants gathered to show predicted trends. However, the results did show that International students have a stronger work ethic than American students.

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Spring 2008, Full Issue May 2008

Spring 2008, Full Issue

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

No abstract provided.

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Identification Of Key Counseling Skills For Highly Effective School Administrators, Tonya Christman Balch May 2008

Identification Of Key Counseling Skills For Highly Effective School Administrators, Tonya Christman Balch

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This quantitative research study looked at the predictability oflndiana's Public Law 221 Status for the 2005 and 2006 academic years. The purpose of this study was two-fold. First, to determine if elementary administrators' key counseling skills and select demographics can predict Public Law 221 (PL 221) status in their respective schools; secondly, to develop a valid and reliable survey supported by strong psychometric properties that identifies key counseling. iii Quantitative analyses factored key counseling skills and tested the predictive nature of those skills as well as select demographic items (school locale, administrator gender and ethnicity, building-level administrator pre-service training institution, …

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Is Conscientiousness Related To Performance Rating Accuracy And Perceived Difficulty In Rating?, Jeremy Alexander May 2008

Is Conscientiousness Related To Performance Rating Accuracy And Perceived Difficulty In Rating?, Jeremy Alexander

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Inaccurate ratings of job performance can have severe consequences for many organizations and the individuals in them. The present study examined conscientiousness and its relationship to performance rating accuracy and perceived difficulty in providing a rating. Rating accuracy was assessed by calculating deviations from true scores, while personality and perceptions of difficulty were acquired via self-report. Additionally, the relationship between perceptions of rating difficulty and the amount of information available for rating instrument items was investigated. The first two hypotheses were not supported, but as hypothesized, the relationship between rating difficulty and information available was negative and significant. Implications for …

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Using Evidence-Based Guidelines To Evaluate Research Support For The Use Of Social Stories With Children With Autism, Elaine Fister-Hull May 2008

Using Evidence-Based Guidelines To Evaluate Research Support For The Use Of Social Stories With Children With Autism, Elaine Fister-Hull

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Social Stories have gained wide acceptance and popularity as an intervention for children with autism and autism spectrum disorders, yet it is unclear whether this intervention method meets the standards of an evidence-based intervention. With a push in educational and mental health fields to use only evidence-based interventions, there is a need to determine whether or not this popular method meets this standard. The research literature on Social Stories has been reviewed for this project. An analysis of each article was conducted to evaluate clinical utility and treatment efficacy. Using the clinical utility and treatment efficacy information, as well as …

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Pay Increases Subsequent To Fmla Leave: The Role Of Organizational Justice, Douglas Berry May 2008

Pay Increases Subsequent To Fmla Leave: The Role Of Organizational Justice, Douglas Berry

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Research indicates the importance of studying organizational justice and its impact. Further, research has indicated a relationship between perceptions of organizational justice and pay increase decisions. However, the present research is the first to incorporate the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) leave into the equation. In short, this research addressed whether an employee's absence for FMLA-covered reasons impacts the perceived justice of subsequent pay increases for that employee. Specifically, it was hypothesized that the employee's length of absence, tenure, performance, and/or pay increase would impact justice perceptions. Participants evaluated vignettes manipulating these factors, then rated the fairness of pay …

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Characteristics Of Faculty Evaluation Formats For Promotion, Tenure, And Annual Review, Angelette Gardner May 2008

Characteristics Of Faculty Evaluation Formats For Promotion, Tenure, And Annual Review, Angelette Gardner

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The present study attempted to identify common and unique characteristics of faculty performance appraisal formats and procedures by analyzing characteristics of formats and procedures from the psychology departments of 28 universities, including Kentucky Council on Post-secondary Education (CPE) benchmark schools for Western Kentucky University as well as schools that have Industrial/Organizational psychology master’s degree programs. It was hypothesized that schools with Industrial/-Organizational Psychology programs would have better formats as defined by eight legal factors. However, this hypothesis was not supported. The hypothesis that graphic rating scales would be the most common method for collecting appraisal data was supported. It was …

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The Visual Perception Of Elasticity, Elizabeth Y. Wiesemann May 2008

The Visual Perception Of Elasticity, Elizabeth Y. Wiesemann

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Two experiments were designed to evaluate human sensitivity to elasticity. Elastic objects bend when a force is applied to them. Observers saw two computer-generated bending rods (defined by the motions of 50 dots) on any given trial and were required to judge which rod was more flexible. Elasticity difference thresholds were calculated for each observer for each of three bending conditions. The rods bent in a plane that was either frontoparallel or oriented 42.5 or 85 degrees from frontoparallel. The results showed that observers could precisely discriminate between bending rods of different elasticities, independent of whether the bendings occurred in …

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Procrastinating With Friends: Differences And Similarities In Affective And Academic Experiences, Allison Palmer May 2008

Procrastinating With Friends: Differences And Similarities In Affective And Academic Experiences, Allison Palmer

Psychology Honors Projects

Procrastination is part of the daily experience of many people, especially students, who may procrastinate as much as 70% of the time (Knaus, 1973). This study sought to establish differences in affective and academic outcomes depending on the type of procrastinatory activity one engages in. More specifically, we looked at whether social vs. nonsocial forms of procrastination (e.g., going out with friends vs. watching TV alone) were associated with different consequences. The social distinction was further divided into invited (i.e., responding to others' invitations) vs. sought-out (i.e., initiating a social activity) domains. Participants completed both quantitative and qualitative measures. The …

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