Psychology Commons^™

Self-Esteem : Cognitive Therapy And Creative Interventions, Barbara J. Fay

Graduate Research Papers

Maladaptive mechanisms due to an impoverished self-esteem have often been seen as part of dual-diagnosis as well as an underlying component in most presenting problems. Since Cognitive Therapy has had excellent results in addressing and elevating most self-esteem issues, a variety of cognitive interventions were explored. However, the Cognitive Therapy framework does not always accommodate specific client needs such as an inability to verbalize due to trauma, intellectual or immaturity levels of cognition as well as cultural or language barriers. Therefore, a multi-modal approach was implemented to provide a framework to integrate Cognitive Therapy and creative interventions. Strengths and weaknesses …

Superior Haptic Perceptual Selectivity In Late-Blind And Very-Low-Vision Subjects, Morton A. Heller, Deneen D. Brackett

Faculty Research and Creative Activity

Blindfolded sighted, congenitally blind, late-blind, and very-low-vision subjects were tested on a tangible version of the embedded-figures test. The results of ANOVAs on accuracy measures yielded superior performance by the very-low-vision and late-blind subjects compared with the blindfolded sighted and congenitally blind participants. Accuracy of the congenitally blind subjects was similar to that of the blindfolded sighted participants. However, all groups of blind subjects were significantly faster than the blindfolded sighted subjects. It is suggested that experience with pictures combined with haptic skill aid perceptual selectivity in touch.

The Aggressive Driving Behavior Scale: Developing A Self-Report Measure Of Unsafe Driving Practices, John M. Houston, Paul Harris

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of a new 11-item measure of aggressive driving, the Aggressive Driving Behavior Scale, which focuses on behaviors rather than cognitions, emotions, or motivational states. Based on a sample of 200 undergraduates, 111 women and 89 men), the study examined the convergent validity of the new scale with measures of hostility, hypercompetitiveness, and aggressive thoughts and emotions experienced during driving. A principal component analysis of the Aggressive Driving Behavior Scale (alpha = .80) yielded two factors that form reliable subscales labeled Speeding and Conflict Behavior. As expected, the total …

Aggression In Thinkers And Feelers, Adam Allen, Leah Beacham, Milkia Franklin, Jenna Graham, Amanda Higdon, Becky Littleton, Toni Pollard, Tiffany Sirmans

The Corinthian

This research team would like to elaborate on the aggressive tendencies of people and how they correlate with the personality types "Thinkers" and "Feelers." We are interested in whether aggression is more apparent in a Thinker or a Feeler. Our hypothesis is as follows: the personality type of Thinker is more aggressive than the personality type of Feeler.

Minding Animals, Minding Earth: Science, Nature, Kinship, And Heart, Marc Bekoff

Sentience Collection

This paper emphasizes the importance of broadening behavioral, ecological, and conservation science into a more integrative, interdisciplinary, socially responsible, compassionate, spiritual, and holistic endeavor.2,3 I will stress the significance of studies of animal behavior, especially ethological research concerned with animal emotions, in which individuals are named and recognized for their own personalities and temperaments, for helping us not only to learn about the nonhuman animal beings (hereafter animals) with whom we share Earth, but also for learning about who we are, our place in Nature, our humanness. We can be best understood in relationship to others. I will also develop …

Pediatric Feeding Problems: A Behavior Analytic Approach To Assessment And Treatment., Marylouise E. Kerwin

College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research

Although eating is considered an automatic physiologic process, many children experience feeding difficulties. The purpose of this article is to present a behavior analytic conceptualization of feeding problems and to summarize the empirically supported behavioral interventions for these problems. While negative reinforcement appears to maintain food refusal, classical conditioning may contribute to its initiation. Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior with escape extinction is an empirically supported intervention for feeding problems and has been successfully implemented by trained staff or parents, in multiple settings, with maintained gains over time and generalization to new foods for many children. While the efficacy of …

Supporting Grieving Students In Schools, Erin E. Bartholomew

Graduate Research Papers

It is estimated that one out of six children will lose a parent by eighteen (Dutton, 1999). Ninety percent of junior and seniors in high school have experienced loss associated with death, forty percent the death of a friend, and twenty percent have witnessed a death (Dutton, 1999). Children and adolescents are exposed to grief, but they are not equipped to handle the grief process. This paper discusses the many experiences children and adolescents go through when dealing with a loss. It discusses how these experiences are different than that of adults and why it is so important to acknowledge …

Students' Perception Index Of The Mugc School Psychology Practicum : A Correlation Of Course Work With Practicum Experiences, C. Lee Chandler Iii

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The perceived consistency between the course work and practicum of the Marshall University Graduate College school psychology program was investigated. The magnitude of consistency was determined by a Spearman correlation coefficient comparing students’ subjective rankings of the relative importance of various school psychologist activities as emphasized in the program’s course work with the relative importance of those same activities as relevant to the practicum setting. The findings suggest a significant degree of correlation at the (.05) significance level between what is emphasized in the program’s coursework and what is relevant to practicum experience.

Experience, Culture And Reality: The Significance Of Fisher Information For Understanding The Relationship Between Alternative States Of Consciousness And The Structures Of Reality, Charles D. Laughlin, Jason C. Throop

International Journal of Transpersonal Studies

The majority of the world’s cultures encourage or require members to enter alternative states of

consciousness (ASC) while involved in religious rituals. The question is, why? This paper suggests

an explanation for the culturally prescribed ASC from the view of Fisher information. It argues

from the position, first put forward by Emile Durkheim in his magnum opus, The Elementary

Forms of the Religious Life, that all religions are grounded in reality. It suggests that many of the

structural elements of cultural cosmologies are similar and that the ritual induction of ASC may

help to bring individual experience into greater accord …

Editors’ Introduction, Harris Friedman, Douglas A. Macdonald

International Journal of Transpersonal Studies

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Spirituality Of Depression, Marc-Alain Descamps

International Journal of Transpersonal Studies

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An Integral Perspective On Depression, Dinu S. Teodorescu

International Journal of Transpersonal Studies

The integral approach to therapy proposes to accommodate all the etiological factors of

unipolar depression in its theory, as well as to make use of all existing therapies, both pharmacological

and psychological, in the treatment of unipolar depression. Integral Therapy is

compared to cognitive therapy to find evidence for its superiority over the cognitive

approach. It appears that the cognitive therapy is more cost-effective than Integral Therapy

as an individual approach in the treatment of depression, but that the integral perspective

accounts better for etiological factors.

Instrumental And Expressive Violence: Motive For Women's Use Of Violence And Their Perception Of Their Partner's Use Of Violence, Lisa Claire Maisano Kennedy

Theses Digitization Project

In this study, we characterized the motivation for violence as instrumental, expressive, and self-defense. We learned that women perceive their own motivation for violence differently than they perceive their partner's motivation for violence, a form of self-defense, fighting back, and protecting themselves from harm. In contrast, women reported that their partner's motivation for violence was instrumental to get one's way, assert dominance, gain power, or to intimidate one's partner.

Organizing Madness: Psychiatric Nosology In Historical Perspective, Eric D. Jackson

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

This paper traces the history of psychiatric nosology in the US from its origins in the early 19th century through the most recent revision of the standardized classification, DSM-IV TR. The evolution of nosology is found to be shaped not only by advances in knowledge, but also by socio-historic and professional trends. The initial impetus for systematic classification came from outside the mental health profession, but later revisions reflected intraprofessional struggles and experiences. Future revisions will almost certainly be prone to these same intra- and extraprofessional influences, and may see a dramatic shift away from symptomatology and towards an etiological …

Building Self-Esteem With Bibliotherapy, Jennifer L. Law

Graduate Research Papers

This paper offers an explanation of what bibliotherapy and self-esteem are, and how they can be connected to one another. This paper discusses who uses bibliotherapy and who it can be used with. It also describes two types of bibliotherapy and the steps in using them. The goals of bibliotherapy are explained. Children's needs in order to benefit from bibliotherapy are discussed. Advantages and limitations of bibliotherapy are also included in this paper. Self-esteem will also be defined. Finally this paper will describe how to use bibliotherapy in a school setting.

Abstractness And Specificity In Spoken Word Recognition: Indexical And Allophonic Variability In Long-Term Repetition Priming., Paul A. Luce, Conor T. Mclennan, Jan Chance-Luce

Psychology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Classifying Mother-Toddler Attachment Relationships In The Interesting-But-Scary Paradigm: Scoring System For Interactive Behaviour, Lindsey Forbes, Sandi Bento, Carey Anne Deoliveira

Psychology Publications

No abstract provided.

Relationships Between Human Auditory Cortical Structure And Function, Deborah A Hall, Heledd C Hart, Ingrid Johnsrude

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

The human auditory cortex comprises multiple areas, largely distributed across the supratemporal plane, but the precise number and configuration of auditory areas and their functional significance have not yet been clearly established. In this paper, we discuss recent research concerning architectonic and functional organisation within the human auditory cortex, as well as architectonic and neurophysiological studies in non-human species, which can provide a broad conceptual framework for interpreting functional specialisation in humans. We review the pattern in human auditory cortex of the functional responses to various acoustic cues, such as frequency, pitch, sound level, temporal variation, motion and spatial location, …

A Model For Runaway Outreach, Constance Lewis Cromartie

Educational Specialist, 2000-2009

Various types of runaway outreach methods and practices were investigated. A proposed model of runaway outreach was suggested based on the results of other documented and practiced methods of outreach. The sources used were from published literature, and a training manual devised by a runaway serviees program. The suggested model is congruent with other successful teen runaway outreach programs and it supports the position that adolescents and their families must be reached and supported before, during and after a runaway episode.

Complexes And Cognitive Complexity: Canadian Contributions To Political Psychology, Paul Nesbitt-Larking

Data and Test Instruments

While it remains a diffuse field of enquiry, political psychology has established itself as an important approach to the analysis of political life. In the United States, political psychology is offered as an optional programme in a number of leading graduate schools and is a recognized subfield of the American Political Science Association. Despite the existence of a number of active political psychologists in Canada, there has been relatively little curiosity about the status of the field. This article offers an account of research in the field. Central to this exploration is an evaluation of the ideological, cultural and substantive …

Margins Of Difference: Constructing Critical Political Psychology, Paul Nesbitt-Larking

Data and Test Instruments

This article sets out elements of discourse and rhetorical analysis in social psychology, followed by an elaboration of three key contributions of these approaches to critical political psychology. The first contribution urges researchers to pay attention to both their own and others’ ideological orientations. The second contribution addresses the artificial dualism of individual and society and how to transcend such oppositions. The third contribution is toward cross-cultural political psychology and the possibilities of political psychology beyond the framework of possessive individualism.

The Structure Of The Self-Schema In Clinical Depression: Differences Related To Episode Recurrence., David J. A. Dozois, K.S. Dobson

Psychology Publications

A central tenet of cognitive theories of depression implicates the organisation of self-referential material in the depressive process. However, few studies have extended beyond the examination of cognitive products and processes to assess the interconnectedness of the depressive self-schema. Clinically depressed participants completed a computerised measure of the cognitive organisation of positive and negative adjectives. Participants organised adjectives according to two dimensions (i.e., valence and self-descriptiveness), and an interstimulus distance index of interconnectedness was computed. The sample was divided into two groups to assess whether differential organisation was associated with the number of previous episodes individuals had experienced. Analyses indicated …

Gender Bias Among Mental Health Professionals, Joan B. Schroering

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The frequently cited Broverman study (Broverman, Broverman, Clarkson, Rosenkrantz, and Vogel, 1970) has motivated a great deal research in the area of gender bias, particularly investigations into the attitudes of mental health professionals. After a review of the literature referencing the Broverman study, the current study, utilizing the research patterns set forth in that research, examines if and to what degree gender bias affects mental health professionals in the state of West Virginia. The results of this study indicate that mental health professionals across the state hold fairly equitable and balanced views of the male and female gender, with one …

Dispositional Hardiness And Women’S Well-Being Relating To Gender Discrimination: The Role Of Minimization, Mindi D. Foster, Kenneth L. Dion

Psychology Faculty Publications

Three studies examined whether personality-based hardiness would be associated with mental health benefits in contexts of gender discrimination. Hardy women encountering both a laboratory simulation and a hypothetical scenario of discrimination showed greater self-esteem and less negative affect than low hardy women. However, these benefits were mediated by the use of specific attributions, suggesting that the well-being in hardy women may have been achieved through minimizing the pervasiveness of discrimination. Study three showed this mediation pattern occurred only for participants exposed to higher threat scenarios versus lower threat scenarios of discrimination. Thus, minimizing the pervasiveness of discrimination may have been …

A Prospective Evaluation Of The Relationships Between Smoking Dosage And Body Mass Index In An Adolescent, Biracial Cohort., Theodore Cooper, R. Klesges, L. Robinson, S. Zbikowski

Departmental Papers (Psych)

No abstract provided.

Acutely-Administered Ethanol Participates In Testosterone Synthesis And Increases Testosterone In The Rat Brain., Laura O'Dell

Departmental Papers (Psych)

No abstract provided.

Program Evaluation Of The Practicum I Summer Program From A Student’S Perspective, Matthew J. Williams

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The organization, function, and value of the School Psychology Practicum I summer program at Marshall University Graduate College is examined. The perceptions of students recently completing the practicum are evaluated to determine their association with the program objectives. Data collection utilizes a questionnaire developed from the goals and objectives of the program and the criteria for evaluation of student performance. Frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, and crosstabulation are utilized to assess the data. The students expressed an overall satisfaction with the practicum experience. The study’s limitations are explored and recommendations for program improvement are presented.

Gamma Oscillations Correlate With Working Memory Load In Humans, Marc W. Howard, Daniel S. Rizzuto, Jeremy B. Caplan, Joseph R. Madsen, John Lisman

Psychology - All Scholarship

Functional imaging of human cortex implicates a diverse network of brain regions supporting working memory—the capacity to hold and manipulate information for short periods of time. Although we are beginning to map out the brain networks supporting working memory, little is known about its physiological basis. We analyzed intracranial recordings from two epileptic patients as they performed a working memory task. Spectral analyses revealed that, in both patients, gamma (30-60 Hz) oscillations increased approximately linearly with memory load, tracking closely with memory load over the course of the trial. This constitutes the first evidence that gamma oscillations, widely implicated in …

Profiling Hazards: Profiling In Counterterrorism And Homeland Security, Randy Borum

Mental Health Law & Policy Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

A Comparison Of Relationship Dimensions With Behavior Dimensions For First Time Expectant Fathers, Benjamin T. Cunningham

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Little research exists examining the behavioral and attitudinal changes of first-time expectant fathers. This study was designed to identify any significant relationship between assessment instruments classified as Relationship Measures and Behavior Measures. A longitudinal study of 23 first-time expectant fathers examining identifiable trends and assessment instruments was conducted by a 13 member cohort group. The study took place within 200 mile radius of the “Upper Ohio Valley.” A Correlation Matrix containing each instrument was chosen to examine the variables within Measure in an attempt to identify significant correlations. Results indicate significant correlations were observed between Anxiety in the third trimester …