Psychology Commons^™

Gender Differences In Shopping Habits And Goals Of Shopping, Angela R. Merrell

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

A review of the literature suggested there could be gender differences in the goals and shopping habits of consumers. The hypothesis is that female college students will take part in the activity of shopping for the sake of shopping while male college students will take part in the activity of shopping to purchase specific items. I tested this hypothesis by giving out questionnaires concerning one’s shopping habits and goals to volunteer undergraduate college students of both genders from Lindenwood University in St. Charles, MO. The findings did support the hypothesis. Individual statistics from each question show support for gender differences. …

Gender And Ability To Distinguish Between Sugar-Free And Sugar Peppermints, Allison Paul

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

Do men and women have the same ability in distinguishing sugar free peppermints from regular, with sugar, peppermints? Many would say that women have a stronger sense of taste and smell, possibly due to motherly instincts. Fourteen male and fourteen female students from the Human Subject Pool at Lindenwood University participated in the study. The students were asked to taste two peppermints and record, which they thought was sugar free. The results revealed no statistically significant sex difference in the student’s ability to identify the sugar-free candy. However, there was a significant finding in order effects. Seven out of the …

Can You Tell The Difference, Brian Roth

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

Theorists have been led to believe that there is a gender difference when it comes to how you eat. In my present study I recruited sixteen females and fifteen males who participated in a survey and taste test to see if there was a gender difference between males and females in regards to identifying store brand food and name brand food. I found that there is no gender difference in the ability to name brand food and store brand food. I plan on presenting my study to several grocery stores and showing them my results. The grocery stores could then …

Research Proposal: Gender Differences Concerning Thoughts On Love Attitudes And Romance, Sarah E. Brady

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

Which gender has more romantic views on love? Oftentimes, women think of their sex as the more romantic gender and complain that their partners are not romantic enough. Yet, is this truly the case?

Spring 2003, Full Issue

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Gender On The Accuracy Of Change Detection, Jennifer L. Sytsma

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

Does gender play a role in the accuracy of change blindness when observers are presented with a Rensink, O’Regan, and Clark (1997) flicker paradigm? I presented male and female subjects with two sets of A and B photographs that depicted a model in a natural setting with some sort of obvious change occurring between scenes A and B. Participants were asked to record any noted changes. I hypothesized that females would be more successful in accurately identifying the changes between scenes A and B than males. Results of the study reveal that there is no statistically significant effect of gender …

Research Proposal: Gender Differences In Cleaning Your Hotel Room, Angela R. Merrell

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

At home, the majority of women do more cleaning involving such household tasks as cooking, washing the dishes, keeping the floors clean, and so on while the men tend to achieve little of the household cleaning load with the exception of managing the finances and doing household repairs. However, when in a hotel room setting a man will throw away trash, straighten up the bathroom by putting the used towels in a pile, and engage in other straightening activities more than a woman will. I want to look into this because I found it interesting that in my personal experiences …

Research Proposal: The Effects Of Alcohol On The Social Aspects Of High School Students, Katherine Friedhoff

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

Although the legal drinking age is twenty-one, the age that a person begins to consume alcohol is decreasing. In a study in 1997, the average age of first alcohol use was 13.2 years old ( Maney, Higham-Gardill, & Mahoney, 2002). Drinking alcohol at a young age can lead to social problems and even delinquent behavior. It has been said that adolescent alcohol misuse has been shown to be part of a constellation of problem behaviors including delinquency and illicit drug use (Barnes, Welte, & Hoffman, 2002). Not only does it aid in future delinquency but also antisocial personality and health …

Research Proposal: Dogs As Reducers Of Anxiety In Social Situations, Jennifer L. Sytsma

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

For many years animals have played a large part in the average family unit. Animals become more than just pets and begin to be considered a family member or a best friend. With such close relationships developing between owner and pet it would not be far fetched to say that animals could act as a social mediator for those who suffer from chronic anxiety in social situations.

I believe that pets can greatly reduce stress and anxiety during social interactions with those who suffer from social anxiety. Since dogs are the most commonly seen pets in an outside setting most …

Distributive Justice: Perceptions Of Star Player Treatment In Work Team Settings, Nadim Zaidy

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The present study examined the effects of punishment given to the most valued team member who has committed a company rule violation. The team is working on an important project where the contribution by that valued member is critical to project completion. The study assessed the effects of the severity of rule violation, the severity of the punishment, the consistency of the punishment, and who is impacted by the punishment. The results indicated that when a valued employee has committed a rule violation, applying consistent punishment is perceived as more fair and appropriate by the teammates. However, when that valued …

The Effects Of Goal Orientation And Type Of Feedback On Perceived Competence And Performance, Adam Leezer

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The theory of goal orientation holds that persons will generally be motivated by one of three goal orientations in an achievement setting: a learning orientation, a performance-prove orientation, or a performance-avoid orientation. These goal orientations create the mental frameworks that an individual uses to interpret and respond to achievement settings, and are associated with different cognitive, behavioral, and affective responses to feedback, task-difficulty, and task success/failure. In addition, different types of feedback can orient individuals to different aspects of a task, and result in differing feedback effects. The present study examined how different types of feedback affect the perceived competence …

Effects Of Ethanol On Anti-Saccade Task Performance., Sarah A Khan, Kristen Ford, Brian Timney, Stefan Everling

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

It has been shown that saccade-related neurons in the superior colliculus (SC) display an increased level of prestimulus activity and a higher stimulus-related burst in action potentials preceding direction errors in the anti-saccade task compared with correct anti-saccades. From this, it has been hypothesized that errors occur when the incoming visual signal in the SC passes a threshold and triggers a reflexive saccade. This hypothesis predicts that an attenuated visual signal will reduce the number of direction errors. Since ethanol has been shown to have a suppressive effect on cortical visual event-related potentials (ERPs), the purpose of the present study …

The Implicit Association Test As A Measure Of Attitudinal Biases Towards Individuals With Disabilities: Assessing The Convergent Validity With The Interaction With Disabled Persons Scale And Tringo's Disability Social Distance Scale, Julie Nicholas

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The present study addressed attitudes toward individuals with disabilities. Barriers that individuals with disabilities have faced and continue to face were discussed. Drawbacks (e.g., fakeability and unidimensionality) of traditional paper-and-pencil tests were presented. The Implicit Association Test (IAT), Interaction with Disabled Persons Scale (IDP), Tringo's Disability Social Distance Scale (DSDS), and Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MCSDS) were administered to 74 college students. Participants completed IAT tests for four disability conditions (i.e., paraplegic, alcoholism, cancer, and mental illness) in an effort to replicate Tringo's Hierarchy of Preference. The Hierarchy of Preference was not replicated in the current study. However, the replication …

How Principals Work With Their More And Less Effective Teachers, Franzy Fleck

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study's purposes were to examine the differences between principals when working with their more and less effective teachers; and the differences among elementary, middle school, and high school principals when working with their more and less effective teachers. Principals at 300 Indiana public schools, encompassing grades Kindergarten through twelve, were surveyed to determine leadership strategies used when working with their more and less effective teachers; 140 responded with completed surveys for a 47 percent return. The principals were asked to fill out a forty-five-item principal leadership strategy survey. In all, forty-one elementary principals, forty-five middle school principals, and fiftyfour …

Factors That Influence The College Attendance Decisions Of Appalachian Students, Erica Chenoweth

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The current study sought to examine the factors that influence the decisions of Appalachian high school students regarding college attendance. Using Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory of human development (1986) as a theoretical basis, direct and indirect influences of environmental factors upon the academic aspirations of Appalachian youth were examined using survey methodology. Results indicated that predictors of college attendance for Appalachian students are not significantly different from those of students elsewhere. Variables reflective of individual academic preparation were most salient in predicting college aspirations for both males and females. Other important predictors included parent education, parent occupation, and socioeconomic status. …

Responding To Crises In The Public Schools: A Survey Of School Psychologists' Experiences And Perceptions, Austin Douglas Adamson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A survey was created and mailed to 500 school psychologists randomly selected from the National Association of School Psychologists' membership lists. The final sample consisted of 228 school psychologists working at least half-time in a school setting. The survey's purpose was to gather information from school psychologists on their perspectives on crisis training and on crises experienced by public schools, as well as what schools have for crisis plans/teams, and what they do for crisis response.

Nearly all of the participants (98.2%) reported that they had some type of crisis intervention training. The majority of respondents indicated that their schools …

Sampling Considerations In Human Immunodeficiency Virus And Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Needs Assessments, Ryan K. Loo

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reduces the number of healthy immune cells in the human body. When the immune cells drop below a certain level, the person is diagnosed as having acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which increases the likelihood of opportunistic infections. As a result, people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH/A) have an elevated need for medical and support services. HIV/AIDS needs assessments identify unmet needs, and the results are used in the allocation of resources. Failure to accurately identify needs due to nonrepresentative samples may result in PLWH/A failing to receive needed services. Random sampling is rarely used, but convenience …

Community Factors That Correlate With Middle-Adolescent Antisocial Behavior, Olga Kamenchuk

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Many adolescents nowadays display antisocial behavior. A large number of theories explaining origin of antisocial behavior have been developed in the last several centuries. The current study utilizes the "ecological" theoretical framework that allows the researcher to consider multiple ecological systems in which individuals operate and to focus on the community factors influencing antisocial behavior.

The researcher used part of the Prevention Needs Assessment survey to identify which community risk and protective factors correlate with middle-adolescent antisocial behavior. Analysis included intercluster, cluster-item correlations, and partial correlations. Results indicated correlations between antisocial behavior and a number of community risk factors, and …

The Effects Of Self-Monitoring Checklists And Performance Feedback On Study Skills Of College Students With Disabilities, Sherrie Mecham

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study utilized a multiple baseline design across two study skills to examine the impact of a self-monitoring checklist and performance feedback on the implementation of study skills for seven college students with disabilities. The accuracy with which students performed study skills was calculated as a percentage based on the number of correct study skill steps completed during a college course divided by the total number of treatment steps. The results show that three of the seven students markedly increased the accurate use of the notetaking and study guide skills immediately when provided with a self-monitoring checklist and performance feedback, …

On-Campus And Off-Campus Students' Ratings Of Instruction And Courses, Noriko Saeki

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The associations of student ratings of instruction and courses (SRIC) with noninstructional variables (e.g., class size, expected grade) were examined in three instructional delivery groups--on-campus, off-campus face-to-face, and distance education courses. Factor analysis of SRIC from a 20-item form yielded two highly correlated factors, which differed somewhat across the groups ("Course " and "Instruction"; "Course/Instruction" and "Interaction Opportunities /Instructor Availability"; "Course/Instruction" and "Interaction Opportunities/Helpfulness"). The only educationally significant (r² > .05) zero-order correlations were between SRIC total scores and expected grade, and were positive in all three groups (r² = .07, .08, .06). In multiple regression analyses, …

Test Of A Psychosocial Strain Model Of Delinquency For Mexican American Youth, Jose De Jesus Rodriguez

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purposes of this study were twofold: (1) to compare rates of delinquency between Mexican American and European American adolescents, and (2) to test the application of a model of delinquency designed to be especially relevant to Mexican American adolescents. The study is one of the first attempts to advance knowledge about delinquency among Mexican American adolescents through the development and test of a comprehensive model of delinquency. The model constructed as part of this study—labeled the psychosocial strain model—was unique in that it integrated variables from different theoretical perspectives and its construction was guided by knowledge of cultural and …

The Relationship Between Participation In Goal Setting, Company Size And Performance, Commitment, Acceptance And Job Satisfaction In The United States And Macedonia., Kristin Michelle King

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

While some researchers have suggested that participative goal setting increases performance, acceptance, commitment, and satisfaction, others have suggested that it does not. Additionally, much research on goal setting has been done in the US while none has been done in Macedonia.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between participation in goal setting and company size on these variables and to determine if there are differences in the effects of participation in goal setting in the US and Macedonia. The independent variables were country, company size, and type of participation and dependent variables were performance, commitment, acceptance, …

Female Sexual Arousal And Race: A Comparison Study, Katrenia Y. Reed Hughes

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Social Learning Theory (Bandura, 1986) suggests that individuals differ in sexual behavior according to societal expectancies. Therefore, there may be differences in sexual responsiveness between African American and European American females, particularly to different sexual stimuli. However, few studies have investigated female sexuality and virtually none have investigated African American female sexuality. The present two-part study assessed African American and European American women's subjective sexual arousal to erotic films that vary in the ethnicity of the actors. Study one assessed participants' willingness to engage in interracial relationships, levels of sex guilt, and levels of sensation seeking. One hundred and twenty-one …

An Investigation Of Gender Differences In Implicit Versus Explicit Attitudes Toward Jealousy, Laurie E. Robinette

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

Mental Health Referral Patterns Of Rural Pastors, Alicia A. Clark

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

This research evaluated the role of the rural pastor in making mental health referrals. A questionnaire was mailed to pastors in several rural California counties in order to assess the referral patterns of pastors to mental health professionals. The questionnaire consisted of demographic information and Likert-style questions inquiring about pastoral interaction, willingness to refer, and referral history with mental health professionals. It was expected that many variables including levels of education, counseling experience, exposure to mental health, specific denominations, and belief systems would affect the referral pattern to mental health professionals. It was also expected that all rural pastors would …

The Effects Of Music On Concentration, Jennifer Ip

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

People have long speculated the effects of music on learning. According to the Mozart effect, classical music has a positive effect on learning. Researchers have found that other genres of music, as well as silence, can actually act as distracters rather than stimulators. In the present study, 32 participants were tested under four different conditions. The participants were required to read an excerpt and then answer questions about the excerpt. For three of the excerpts, the participant was required to read and then answer questions while listening to music, while the fourth reading comprehension task was completed in silence. Results …

Media Consumption And Male Body Image, Catherine A. Larsen

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

The purpose of our proposed research is to examine the relationship between media consumption and self-appraised body image in male college students. That is, does a correlation exist between the amount and type of media consumed (magazines in particular) and how males perceive their own body. Our hypothesis postulates that since magazines often portray unrealistic and "ideal" physiques, men that purchase and read body-oriented magazines will be have a more negative body image than those who do not.

Inside Unlv, Gian Galassi, Richard Morgan, Carol C. Harter

Inside UNLV

No abstract provided.

Predicting Social And Psychological Adjustment From The Importance And Restrictiveness Of Religion In Late Adolescence, Lisa Diane Lucas

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

In working with Renee Galliher, I had the opportunity to administer a questionnaire to 118 college students. This questionnaire included the Personal and Relationships Profile (Strauss & Mouradian, 1999), as well as questions assessing religious attitudes and activities. From these questionnaires, a data set was compiled and I presented this research at the recent conference of the Society for Research on Child Development.

Employability Of Individuals With Varying Disabilities And Costs Of Needed Workplace Accommodations., Bram Cassidy Bevins

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The present study examined the relationship between an individual's disability and needed workplace accommodations and employability. The participants for this study were businessmen and businesswomen in Southwestern Virginia who possessed the ability to hire employees. Results indicated that an individual with a physical disability was thought of as more employable and favorable than a nondisabled individual, a blind individual, and an obese individual. Results also indicated that a physically disabled individual would be hired before a blind individual and an obese individual when workplace accommodations were needed. One possible explanation for these findings is that it is desirable to hire …