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2003

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Articles 151 - 180 of 707

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Training Of Observers In Risk Rituals Of The Manasa Sect Of Hinduism And Serpent Handling Sects Of Appalachia, Christopher Silver Aug 2003

Training Of Observers In Risk Rituals Of The Manasa Sect Of Hinduism And Serpent Handling Sects Of Appalachia, Christopher Silver

Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

This study proposes to examine observer attitudes. Any ritual action that has the potential for injury or death, will be coined a religious risk ritual (RR). Observers will examine examples of video from the Manasa Hindu tradition in India and the Pentecostal and Holiness Serpent Handling traditions (SHS) of the southern Appalachian Mountain region of the United States. While training had no overall effect, study participants perceived the Manasa religious ritual as being more legitimate than the SHS religious ritual. Participants accepted of existence of a religious risk ritual cross-culturally but were biased against it in the southeastern United States.

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Predicting Leadership Activities: The Role Of Flexibility, Roni Reiter-Palmon Aug 2003

Predicting Leadership Activities: The Role Of Flexibility, Roni Reiter-Palmon

Psychology Faculty Publications

This paper investigated the role of flexibility in predicting adolescent leadership activities among 186 undergraduate students. Two measures of flexibility, behavioral flexibility and cognitive flexibility, were developed and entered in a regression equation, after social skills and academic ability. The results suggest that behavioral and cognitive flexibility are distinct constructs and that both contribute uniquely to the prediction of leadership above and beyond social skills and academic ability.

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Emotion Representation And Perception Across Cultures, Jeanette Altarriba, Dana M. Basnight, Tina M. Canary Aug 2003

Emotion Representation And Perception Across Cultures, Jeanette Altarriba, Dana M. Basnight, Tina M. Canary

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

Are emotion words or emotion categories universal, or are particular emotions and emotion categories specific to certain cultures? The current review explores the answer to this question by summarizing the limited number of studies that have addressed this issue. The representation of emotion is discussed with regards to verbal and nonverbal (facial) processing, in turn. The evidence indicates that the answer is often conflicting and that issues such as methodological, linguistic, social and cultural variance have contributed to the often contradictory findings.

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Family: Variations And Changes Across Cultures, James Georgas Aug 2003

Family: Variations And Changes Across Cultures, James Georgas

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

In order to study psychological phenomena cross-culturally, it is necessary to understand the different types of family in cultures throughout the world and also how family types are related to cultural features of societies. This article discusses: The definitions and the structure and functions of family; the different family types and relationships with kin; the ecocultural determinants of variations of family types, e.g, ecological features, means of subsistence, political and legal system, education and religion; changes in family in different cultures; the influence of modernization and globalization on family change throughout the world.

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Should The English Grammar Rule Be To Always End Your Sentence In A Preposition?, April Fugett-Fuller Jul 2003

Should The English Grammar Rule Be To Always End Your Sentence In A Preposition?, April Fugett-Fuller

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Science and Technology at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Psychology by April Fugett-Fuller on July 30, 2003.

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Trends. Intelligence And Weapons Of Mass Destruction In A World With No Truth, Ibpp Editor Jul 2003

Trends. Intelligence And Weapons Of Mass Destruction In A World With No Truth, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This Trends article discusses questions surrounding whether the Bush administration intentionally did not tell the truth about the threat of Iraqi weapons of mass destruction.

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Trends. Uday, Qusay, Victory, And Defeat, Ibpp Editor Jul 2003

Trends. Uday, Qusay, Victory, And Defeat, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This Trends article discusses the political psychological impact of the deaths of Saddam Hussein’s two oldest sons at the hands of United States military forces.

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Special Article. Space Security In A World Of Security And Insecurity, Ibpp Editor Jul 2003

Special Article. Space Security In A World Of Security And Insecurity, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article provides a theoretical analysis from which a space security expert could appreciate the complexity and richness of the space security challenge.

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Announcements, Ibpp Editor Jul 2003

Announcements, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

IBPP announcements pertaining to reader requests, editor nominations, and relevant conferences, as well as online and print publications.

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Gaze-Centered Updating Of Visual Space In Human Parietal Cortex., W Pieter Medendorp, Herbert C Goltz, Tutis Vilis, J Douglas Crawford Jul 2003

Gaze-Centered Updating Of Visual Space In Human Parietal Cortex., W Pieter Medendorp, Herbert C Goltz, Tutis Vilis, J Douglas Crawford

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Single-unit recordings have identified a region in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) of the monkey that represents and updates visual space in a gaze-centered frame. Here, using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, we identified an analogous bilateral region in the human PPC that shows contralateral topography for memory-guided eye movements and arm movements. Furthermore, when eye movements reversed the remembered horizontal target location relative to the gaze fixation point, this PPC region exchanged activity across the two cortical lobules. This shows that the human PPC dynamically updates the spatial goals for action in a gaze-centered frame.

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Announcements, Ibpp Editor Jul 2003

Announcements, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

IBPP announcements pertaining to reader requests, editor nominations, and relevant conferences, as well as online and print publications.

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Trends. The Political Psychology Of Deviance Regulation, Ibpp Editor Jul 2003

Trends. The Political Psychology Of Deviance Regulation, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This Trends article discusses deviation regulation in social context, commenting on the idea that deviance is intrinsic to us all.

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The Life And Death Of Saddam Redux, Ibpp Editor Jul 2003

The Life And Death Of Saddam Redux, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article updates a previous IBPP analysis on the significance of whether Saddam Hussein is alive or dead.

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A History Of Space Security, Ibpp Editor Jul 2003

A History Of Space Security, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article provides a conceptual infrastructure for thinking about the history of space security.

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Trends. Attachment Theory And Intelligence Case Officers, Ibpp Editor Jul 2003

Trends. Attachment Theory And Intelligence Case Officers, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This Trends article discusses attachment theory as it is applied to intelligence case officers.

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Searching For Legibility, Thomas R. Herzog, Olivia L. Leverich Jul 2003

Searching For Legibility, Thomas R. Herzog, Olivia L. Leverich

Peer Reviewed Articles

Legibility has been ineffective as a predictor of environmental preference primarily because of its correlation with another predictor, coherence. The authors tried to separate the two predictors by careful selection of field/forest settings and by using nontraditional definitions. The alternate definitions emphasized landmarks (for legibility) and the two-dimensional picture plane (for coherence). These strategies proved unsuccessful for the entire sample of settings. However, when an empirically derived subset of forest settingswas examined, the desired pattern of relations among the traditionally defined constructs was found: Legibility had a slightly stronger correlation with preference than coherence, and legibility was clearly the stronger …

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Examining Emotional Intelligence And Social Skills In A Residential Deaf Population, Melissa Leohr Jul 2003

Examining Emotional Intelligence And Social Skills In A Residential Deaf Population, Melissa Leohr

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Mayer and Salovey first defined emotional intelligence in 1990 (Mayer, 1999) and later revised that definition (Mayer & Salovey, 1997). In 1995, Goleman introduced a different concept of emotional intelligence (Goleman, 1995). Bar-On presented a third conceptualization, as well as the first measure of the concept (Bar-On & Parker, 2000). Few studies have addressed emotional intelligence in children and adolescents, and nostudies have examined the concept in the deaf population. The purpose of the present study is to examine emotional intelligence, as well as social skills, in a residential deaf population. Fourteen students at the Kentucky School for the Deaf …

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Young Childrens' Understanding Of Superstitions, Kara Yeckering Jul 2003

Young Childrens' Understanding Of Superstitions, Kara Yeckering

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The aim of this study was to examine young children's understanding of superstitions—specifically bad luck superstitions. Children between the ages of 4 and 9 received a set of interview questions concerning their experiences with superstitions, their beliefs about the efficacy of superstitions, and their knowledge of the mental and physical components of superstitions. Participants also completed a belief task designed to assess the relative importance of belief and action in superstitions. The findings indicate developmental patterns in children's awareness of superstitions and beliefs in efficacy of superstitions. With age, children demonstrated a significantly greater awareness of superstitions. In contrast, children …

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The Relationship Between Sport Fandom, Identification With A Specific Team, And An Individual's Socialization Experiences, Paul Frederiksen Jul 2003

The Relationship Between Sport Fandom, Identification With A Specific Team, And An Individual's Socialization Experiences, Paul Frederiksen

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The present study was designed to gain a better understanding of why some people become sport fans and others do not. The study focused specifically on the differences in socialization experiences between people high and low in sport fandom and people high and low in team identification. Warm (2003) defines sport fandom as one's identification with his or her role as a sport fan. Wann (1997) states that team identification involves a person's psychological connection and attachment to a specific team. Understanding why people become sport fans can be of vital importance to sport marketers. Participants completed self-report measures of …

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Parental Understanding Of Miranda Rights, Abby Callis Jul 2003

Parental Understanding Of Miranda Rights, Abby Callis

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The current research focuses on parents' level of understanding of Miranda rights and parents' likelihood of encouraging their teenagers to waive their Miranda rights. The previous research suggests that parents alone may not adequately protect juveniles' rights during interrogation and waiver. Prior research also suggests that parents' and juveniles' past experience with the justice system may not help them during their current interrogation and waiver. A 17-item questionnaire was used to assess the two dependent variables and the two independent variables. The two dependent variables were parents' understanding of Miranda rights and parents' likelihood of encouraging arrested teens to waive …

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Sensations From Initial Exposure To Nicotine Predicting Adolescent Smoking In China: A Potential Measure Of Vulnerability To Nicotine, Xinguang Chen, Alan W. Stacy, Hong Zheng, Jianguo Shan, Donna Spruijt-Metz, Jennifer B. Unger, Jie Gong, Peggy Gallaher, Chunhong Liu, Stanley Azen, Sohaila Shakib, C. Anderson Johnson Jul 2003

Sensations From Initial Exposure To Nicotine Predicting Adolescent Smoking In China: A Potential Measure Of Vulnerability To Nicotine, Xinguang Chen, Alan W. Stacy, Hong Zheng, Jianguo Shan, Donna Spruijt-Metz, Jennifer B. Unger, Jie Gong, Peggy Gallaher, Chunhong Liu, Stanley Azen, Sohaila Shakib, C. Anderson Johnson

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

Sensations derived from initial exposure to nicotine are a potential indicator of an individual's vulnerability to nicotine. This study assessed whether sensations experienced during the first lifetime exposure to nicotine could predict current and established cigarette smoking. Data from 210 respondents who reported having ever tried cigarette smoking in Wuhan, China, were obtained for this study from 610 students in 10th grade at two schools. Subjects were participants in a multipurpose pilot survey for an adolescent smoking prevention trial. The survey was administered in a classroom setting using a paper-and-pencil questionnaire. Sensations reported were cigarette smell (59.2%), coughing (54.1%), dizziness …

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An Examination Of Friendship In Middle Childhood: A Test Of The Similarity-Attraction Hypothesis, Bridget Trame Jul 2003

An Examination Of Friendship In Middle Childhood: A Test Of The Similarity-Attraction Hypothesis, Bridget Trame

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The purpose of this study was to examine the similarities between children and their friends. Previous research had focused on demographic similarities, with a little attention given to behavioral similarities. This study sought to expand the knowledge of similarities between friends to sociometric and social information processing characteristics and show that friends were more similar than random pairs of children. Children completed a rating and nomination sociometric interview. Children also completed a social information processing interview in which they viewed ambiguous provocation situations and then rated a series of social goals and gave social problem solving responses. Two-hundred and twenty-four …

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A Comparison Of Symptom Severity Between University Counseling Center And Community Mental Health Center Clients, Joshua Gunn Jul 2003

A Comparison Of Symptom Severity Between University Counseling Center And Community Mental Health Center Clients, Joshua Gunn

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The present study compares presenting levels of psychological distress at a university counseling center and a community mental health center. The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) was completed by clients at intake, and the results were subjected to statistical analysis. A significant difference was found between the two service units on the Global Symptom Index and all nine scales of the BSI. There were no gender differences in overall levels of psychological distress; however, a difference was found on the interpersonal hostility scale. Implications of the study, as well as limitations and suggestions for future research, are discussed.

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The Lateral Occipital Complex Subserves The Perceptual Persistence Of Motion-Defined Groupings., Susanne Ferber, G Keith Humphrey, Tutis Vilis Jul 2003

The Lateral Occipital Complex Subserves The Perceptual Persistence Of Motion-Defined Groupings., Susanne Ferber, G Keith Humphrey, Tutis Vilis

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

How are the bits and pieces of retinal information assembled and integrated to form the coherent objects that we see? One long-established principle is that elements that move as a group are linked together. For instance a fragmented line-drawing of an object, placed on a background of randomly distributed short lines, can be impossible to see. But if the object moves relative to the background, its shape is instantly recognized. Even after the motion stops, the percept of the object persists briefly before it fades into the background of random lines. Where in the brain does the percept of the …

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Trying To Fix The Development In Evolutionary Developmental Psychology, David S. Moore Jul 2003

Trying To Fix The Development In Evolutionary Developmental Psychology, David S. Moore

Pitzer Faculty Publications and Research

If we agree for a moment that there is such a thing as human nature, we immediately encounter an extraordinarily thorny question: Where does our nature come from? This question drives David Bjorklund and Anthony Pellegrini’s new book The Origins of Human Nature: Evolutionary Developmental Psychology. The question is so challenging, in part, because human nature reflects at least two conceptually distinct processes: evolution and development. The former, which operates across generations, allows the continued existence of characteristics that permitted survival and reproduction in our ancestors; the latter, which operates during a person’s lifetime, contributes to the appearance of …

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Peer Sexual Harassment And Peer Violence Among Adolescents In Johanesburg And Chicago, Susan Fineran Phd, Licsw, Larry Bennett Phd, Terry Sacco Msw Jul 2003

Peer Sexual Harassment And Peer Violence Among Adolescents In Johanesburg And Chicago, Susan Fineran Phd, Licsw, Larry Bennett Phd, Terry Sacco Msw

School of Social Work

In this comparison study of peer sexual harassment and peer violence in South African and US schools, the roles of gender and power in the experience, perpetration, and reaction to peer sexual harassment, physical violence and sexual violence are described for 208 South African students and 224 US students age 16-18.

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The Effect Of An Unconscious Auditory Stimulus On Pilot Performance Under Varying Instrument Flying Conditions, Christina Eleni Christakou Jul 2003

The Effect Of An Unconscious Auditory Stimulus On Pilot Performance Under Varying Instrument Flying Conditions, Christina Eleni Christakou

Master's Theses - Daytona Beach

Human error remains a significant contributing factor with respect to accidents in civil air transportation. It is therefore crucial to establish avenues by which performance on the flightdeck can be enhanced under conditions of distress. The purpose of this study was to examine whether an unconscious auditory stimulus (UAS) could enhance pilot performance under varying instrument flight (IFR) conditions on the aircraft flightdeck. Forty IFR student pilots underwent two eight-minute simulated flights, whereupon they were presented with different IFR weather conditions. During the trial, the experimental group listened to a UAS, whereas the control group listened to white noise (WN). …

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Identifying The Dimensions Of Integrity: A Confirmatory And Discriminant Validity Analysis, Arlene Pace Green Jul 2003

Identifying The Dimensions Of Integrity: A Confirmatory And Discriminant Validity Analysis, Arlene Pace Green

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

While Integrity tests have demonstrated significant predictive and concurrent validity, the meaning and structure of integrity test scores are not well understood. The purpose of the present investigation was to empirically verify the results of a previous study that used an inductive method to define integrity and identify its constituent dimensions (Green, 1999). Specifically, the present investigation used item analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, discriminant validity analysis, and an analysis of social desirability to test the validity of the five integrity dimensions identified by Green (1999): Concern for Others, Conscientiousness, Emotional Control, Fairness, and Honesty. Results confirmed that Integrity acts as …

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The Relationship Of Mmpi-A Item Effectiveness To Item Content, Diagnostic Category, And Classification Accuracy, Kathleen D. Lynch Jul 2003

The Relationship Of Mmpi-A Item Effectiveness To Item Content, Diagnostic Category, And Classification Accuracy, Kathleen D. Lynch

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Archer, Handel, and Lynch (2001) recently compared the item endorsement frequencies for the MMPI-A normative sample against two adolescent clinical samples. Results showed that the MMPI-A contains a substantial number of items that do not show a significant difference in item endorsement frequency between normative and clinical samples. The current study extends Archer et al.'s (2001) research in three ways: (1) it examines the item endorsement frequencies of the Supplementary scales, Harris Lingoes subscales, and subtle-obvious items; (2) it examines the Basic, Content, and Supplementary scales, and Harris Lingoes subscales with two homogeneous diagnostic criterion groups (as suggested by Archer, …

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The Prediction Of Intra-Individual Variability In The Daily Body-Image Experiences Among College Women, Susan E. Melnyk Jul 2003

The Prediction Of Intra-Individual Variability In The Daily Body-Image Experiences Among College Women, Susan E. Melnyk

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

This investigation examined body-image states in the context of daily life. There were 108 women who completed all three phases of this study. First, a battery of body image trait measures and an eating attitudes measure were completed. Second, participants called an automated telephonic response system twice daily for six days and recorded their current body-image states, from the questions on the Body Image States Scale. Finally, a Post-Study Questionnaire was completed. Pearson correlations examined the extent to which the pretest measures predicted the level and variability of body-image states. Consistent with hypotheses, greater satisfaction with one' appearance, less dysfunctional …

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