Psychology Commons^™

Modeling Organizational Culture In A Financial Institution, Lauren Rogers

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Ideal versus current organizational culture perceptions, differences in perceptions of culture between hierarchal levels and departments, and the strength of organizational culture were investigated in the current study. Organizational culture was measured by Cooke and Lafferty's (1987) Organizational Culture Inventory. There were differences in culture perceptions between ideal versus the current culture, hierarchal levels, and departments. The organizational culture was perceived to be weak in comparison to the four desirable styles indicated by the OCI profile.

An Analysis Of Remote Communication Processes Involved In Video- Mediated And Text-Based Computer-Mediated Communication During Collaborative Problem Solving, Maria Victoria Ramos

Master's Theses - Daytona Beach

The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of current available communication mediums on the process of collaborative problem solving tasks in today's modern society. Seven male-only dyads were asked to complete two tasks, both with a finite and definable solution, by communicating through one of three possible ways: face-to- face (FTF), a synchronous text-based computer system (CMC), and a video-mediated system (VMC). The effectiveness of the medium was evaluated based on time to solution, number of turns and words in relation to a visual search task and a spatial task. Results showed a significant difference in time …

Perception Of Competence In Male And Female Pilots: Between Group Differences, Marianne Paulsen

Master's Theses - Daytona Beach

This study investigated the relationship between gender and competence as perceived by pilots. Scenarios were utilized that depicted an airline captain successfully landing an airplane amidst adverse conditions. Scenarios varied only by the gender of the Captain: male, female, or unspecified by variance of pilot name. Perceived effectiveness, competence, avoidance, blame, and attribution as depicted by the Captain's performance in the scenario were assessed by 30 male and 30 female certified flight instructors. Results showed that female flight instructors' ratings of avoidance ability and attribution for success differed from male flight instructors. Attribution for blame differences between scenario conditions was …

Relationships Between A Quaternary Model Of Psychological Type Processes And Defense Mechanism Clusters, Kathryn Elizabeth Kelly

Doctoral Dissertations

This study examined the relationships between two psychological type dimensions (Extraversion-Introversion and Thinking-Feeling) and defense mechanism preferences. Psychological Type Theory was used as a conceptual framework for the generation of hypotheses. Specific hypotheses between the two psychological type dimensions and defense mechanism preferences were tested. Further, Extraversion-Introversion and Thinking-Feeling were combined, resulting in the formation of a quaternary personality model consisting of four groups (Introverted Thinking, Introverted Feeling, Extraverted Thinking, and Extraverted Feeling). Hypotheses that certain quaternary groups would display specific relationships with defense mechanism preferences were tested. To test hypotheses, 223 university students were administered the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator …

Review Of "Women's Untold Lives: Breaking Silence, Talking Back, Voicing Complexity" Edited By M. Romero And A. J. Stewart And "Telling Women's Lives: Subject/Narrator/Reader/Text" By J. Long, Jeanne Marecek

Psychology Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Alcohol Expectancies And Drinking Behavior In Adults With Social Anxiety Disorder And Dysthymia, Lindsay S. Ham, Debra A. Hope, Cameron S. White, P. Clayton Rivers

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Previous research has found a positive relationship between social anxiety disorder and alcoholism, and that certain alcohol outcome expectancies are related to drinking behaviors. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among drinking behaviors and alcohol expectancies in treatment-seeking individuals diagnosed with social anxiety disorder or dysthymia, as well as normal controls. No significant differences were found across the 3 groups in alcohol consumption. As expected, socially anxious participants had higher social assertiveness expectancies than both participants with dysthymia and normal controls. Participants with social anxiety disorder had greater tension reduction and global positive change expectancies than …

The Motivational Effects Of 3, 4-Methylendioxymethamphetamine On Responding Maintained By A Progressive-Ratio Schedule Of Water Delivery, Sean P. Laraway

Masters Theses

Relative to their reinforcing and discriminative functions, the establishing operation (EO) function of drugs has received little attention from behavioral pharmacologists. This study investigated in rats the EO function of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy) using a progressive-ratio (PR) 2 schedule of water delivery. Relative to vehicle control levels, Lower doses (1.0 and 1.8 mg/kp ip) had no effects, whereas the higher doses (3.2, 5.6 mg/kg ip) significantly decreased breaking points. In contrast to previous research, this study found no evidence that MDMA functioned as an EO for water. These results, along with findings from other studies using PR schedules, emphasize the …

An Examination Of The Effects Of Fluency Training On Retention, Distractibility, And Generativity, Victoria Mary Pellettiere

Dissertations

The Precision Teaching movement grew out of a commitment to use frequency as a universal measure of behavior, as well as the desire to employ research methods derived from the experimental analysis of behavior in education (Lindsley, 1991). One component of instruction employing the precision teaching model is fluency training that typically involves exposing learners to the training materials until they have met criteria for both accuracy and speed. Proponents of fluency training ascribe a number of specific benefits to this instructional tool. Lindsley (1992, 1995) and others (Binder, 1993, 1996; Haughton, 1981b) suggested that fluency training enhances retention, endurance, …

The Effects Of Test Validity Perceptions On Ethnic Group Differences In Cognitive Ability Test Performance, Florence R. Jinadu

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Ethnic group differences in cognitive ability test performance have led to the problem of adverse impact for many organizations. In attempting to understand the cause of such differences, this study investigates the relationships among general test attitudes, test experiences, race, test validity perceptions, test knowledge, and cognitive ability test performance. A sample of undergraduate psychology students completed a paper-and-pencil test of cognitive ability as well as surveys of their attitudes towards employment tests and prior testing experiences. Participants in an experimental group received information that explained the validity and usefulness of employment tests for making selection decisions.

It was hypothesized …

Selected Factors That Influenced A State's Collapse: A Historical Analysis Of The Case Of Sierra Leone, I. Betty Williams Conteh

Sociology & Criminal Justice Theses & Dissertations

Throughout the 1990s the United Nations Human Development Index, an annual report that measures human development, depicted Sierra Leone as one of, if not the poorest nation on the planet. In 2001, the same report depicted 162 countries in terms of human development and Sierra Leone ranked 162. This Sub-Saharan nation experienced a total collapse of its state and society beginning in 1990. The United Nations and the rest of the international community are only now beginning to work towards putting Sierra Leone together again.

This study investigate factors that led to the collapse of Sierra Leone--factors such as …

Documenting Lines Of Communication Between School Personnel And Physicians For Medication Evaluation Purposes For Students With Adhd, Pamela M. Radford

Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to document current and desired lines of communication between school personnel and physicians for the purpose of making medication decisions for students with ADHD. School-physician communication practices-were assessed utilizing a national survey of primary care physicians who are members o f the American Medical Association (AMA) and school psychologists who are members of the National Association of School Psychologists (NASP). Specific information exchange practices that were assessed included: (a) on what student characteristics is information collected (e.g., academic performance, disruptive behavior, social interactions), (b) how school-based information is collected (e.g., direct observations, rating scales), …

Evaluation Of Clozapine Discriminative Stimulus Properties As A Function Of Training Dose, Adam J. Prus

Masters Theses

Clozapine (CLZ) is an atypical antipsychotic with negligible extrapyramidal side-effects. Unfortunately, CLZ drug discrimination (DD) research has yielded inconsistencies with CLZ's known pharmacological characteristics. Porter et al. (2000) have suggested that the standard 5.0 mg/kg CLZ training dose is too high, thus accounting for difficulty in assessing clozapine's discriminative stimulus (S^D) effects. Therefore, 16 male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to discriminate either 1.25 (Group II) or 5.0 mg/kg (Group I) CLZ from vehicle in a two-choice DD task. The typical anti psychotic haloperidol (0.1-0.4 mg/kg) did not substitute for either CLZ S^D, with the exception of …

Workplace Surveillance, Inc., Bilge Yesil

Reconstruction: Studies in Contemporary Culture

[First paragraph]

In recent years the use of surveillance technologies in the workplace has become widespread. According to an annual survey by the American Management Association (AMA) on workplace monitoring and surveillance (2001), more and more U.S. companies are keeping tabs on employees by checking their e-mail, Internet, or telephone connections or by videotaping them at work.

A Comparison Of The Learning Styles Of Graduate Athletic Training Students And Their Demographic Characteristics, Jennifer Lynn Plant

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

Using the Productivity Environmental Preference Survey (PEPS) and a self­ designed demographic survey, this study assessed the learning styles of students enrolled in a NATA approved graduate athletic training education program and compared the relationship between learning style preferences and the demographic characteristics of the graduate students. The PEPS survey is a 100-item Likert scale learning style inventory relating to 20 learning style elements of 4 domains: environmental, emotional, sociological, and physical. As part of the demographic research, participants completed measures assessing geographic, family, educational, and personal information.

Participants were 163 (55 men, 108 women) graduate athletic training students from …

The Effect Of Socioeconomic Status And Social Support On Work, Family, And Role Balance, April A. Perry

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

This study examined socioeconomic status and social supports in the context of balanced work, family, and overall roles. Based on previous research, higher socioeconomic status and increased social supports were hypothesized to increase work, family, and overall role balance. Participants were recruited by the peer adviser and in classrooms at Old Dominion University and surrounding Tidewater campuses. Only one of the correlations hypothesized was statistically significant. Support from Supervisor Index was positively correlated to Family/Work Balance. However, several non-hypothesized trends were found, in addition to non-hypothesized statistically significant correlations. Findings suggest that socioeconomic status and social supports may influence work, …

Using Measures Of Intervention Integrity, Intervention Acceptability, And Intervention Effectiveness To Evaluate A Toilet Training Program In A Preschool Classroom For Children With Special Needs, Katherine M. Holverstott-Cockrell

Dissertations

The primary objective of this study is to use measures of intervention integrity, intervention acceptability, and intervention effectiveness identified by Witt and Elliott (1985) to evaluate the toilet training program in a preschool classroom. The second objective is to assess the effects of parent participation with the toileting program. The third objective is to assess the effects of the toilet training intervention. Specifically, this study investigated (a) the relationship between intervention integrity, acceptability, and effectiveness of a toilet training intervention implemented in a preschool setting and at home; (b) the relationship between parental participation with the intervention and the efficacy …

Lever-Press Acquisition By Rats: Effects Of Some Historical Variables, Susan M. Snycerski

Dissertations

Traditionally, behavior analysts and behavioral pharmacologists have emphasized the study of steady-state behavior, while neglecting behavior in transition. In the last 10 years, researchers in these fields have begun to investigate behavioral transitions, particularly the transition from near-zero to above-zero responding involved in response acquisition. This research has focused on variables (e.g., reinforcement delay) that affect acquisition and on procedures (e.g., resetting vs. nonresetting delays) used to assess acquisition. Most studies of acquisition have provided their subjects with behavioral histories prior to testing for acquisition, but few have systematically investigated the importance of historical variables. Consequently, the present study examined …

Correction For Unreliability Of Multifactor Measures: Comparison Of Alpha And Parallel Forms Approaches, William M. Rogers, Neal Schmitt, Morell E. Mullins

Peer Reviewed Articles

Coefficient alpha is a widely used and useful index of reliability, but it provides an inappropriate estimate of reliability when used with multidimensional composites. The problematic nature of this inappropriate usage varies primarily as a function of the prominence of distinct factors in a composite and to a lesser extent as a function of the length of the measure. Implications for use of coefficient alpha estimates of reliability as the basis for correcting observed correlations for unreliability are described for a variety of levels of multidimensionality and measure length. Researchers should correct for unreliability to estimate construct interrelationships but must …

Using Bibliometric Journal Citation Analysis As A Technique To Assess Trends In School Psychology Journal Publications From 1995-1999, Meg Kwak

Dissertations

School psychology is a field influenced by die many different areas within psychology and education. School psychologists respond to many challenges and when working in the schools it is imperative that they stay abreast of the newest research findings. In order to remain informed, as well as to develop new knowledge, it is essential that professionals are aware o f the influences of the publications and the relative strength of specific journals (Kawano, Kehle, Clark, & Jenson, 1993). One way to assess publication trends is through journal citation analysis. Citation analysis is characterized by its objective ability to highlight the …

The Relationships Between Biodata And Personality: How Different Is Different?, Lindsay A. Bousman

Student Work

The relationships between personality measures and biodata measures were examined using a measure of the Big Five Factors of personality, and a newly created biodata measure. Each measure was used to predict academic achievement and job satisfaction. The biodata measure was created to mimic a factor structure similar to the five factors of personality, to allow a better comparison of the two measures. However, the biodata items were original (with combinations of previously used original items), and were developed for use in this study. Biodata items are typically multiple-choice, situational, and historical in nature, whereas personality items are typically based …

Human Factors Survey Of Aviation Maintenance Technical Manuals, Alex Chaparro, Loren S. Groff

Publications

The reported work is part of a 3 phased effort to identify human factors issues in the development of aviation technical manuals, and make recommendations for the improvement of those documents. Phase 1 of this research effort surveyed the procedures used by five manufacturers to develop maintenance documentation. Several human factors issues were identified in the development process employed by these manufacturers. They included the reactive rather than proactive use of user evaluations, the limited use of user input and procedure validation, no systematic attempts to track error, and the lack of standards for measuring document quality. Given the issues …

The Effects Of Visual Cues And Interstimulus Interval On Error Rates In Auditory Localization And Detection, Joseph Thomas Coyne

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Auditory localization is an increasingly important topic as the technology for audio displays is becoming more available. However, few studies examine the effects of multiple simultaneous distracters on auditory detection and localization performance. Previous research has found that detection and localization performance significantly drops as the number of distracters increases; however, it is not clear what causes these errors. Six loudspeakers were arranged in a semicircle, and participants either had to localize an auditory stimulus or detect an auditory stimulus among multiple distracters. Participants' response time and accuracy were recorded for each trial. The number of detection errors was equivalent …

An Examination Of The Psychosocial Functioning Of Children With Drug Or Alcohol Dependent Fathers, Cathy G. Cooke

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Parental substance abuse is linked to many of the problems facing American children. Research suggests that children of substance abusing parents are more likely to exhibit emotional and behavioral disorders than children with parents who do not abuse substances (Hogan, 1998); however, previous investigations have focused almost exclusively on children whose fathers misuse alcohol. The purpose of the present study was: 1) to examine the psychosocial adjustment of children whose fathers manifest substance abuse disorder other than alcohol as compared to the psychosocial functioning of children whose fathers exhibit alcohol abuse and to the psychosocial adjustment of children in a …

Trends. Nuclear Power Plants And Homeland Security And Defense: The Views Of Representative Markey, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The author discusses US Representative Edward J. Markey, and his public discourse about the "safety and security of the nuclear power industry.

Trends. The Color Of Terror, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article discusses and evaluates Homeland Security's color-coded national alert system.

The Subjugating Discourse In The Mideast: A Commentary On Cordesman, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article provides a commentary on a recently published approach to a US-led process for peace between Israel and the Palestinian National Authority.

Heads And Hearts: The Teaching And Learning Environment In Law School, Gerald F. Hess

Journal of Legal Education

No abstract provided.

Institutional Denial About The Dark Side Of Law School, And Fresh Empirical Guidance For Constructively Breaking The Silence, Lawrence S. Krieger

Journal of Legal Education

No abstract provided.

Content Validity And Internal Consistency Reliability Of A New Scale On Violence Potential, Samuel Pierce

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

The differential prediction of violence potential in adolescents m juvenile corrections and the mental health fields continues to garner concern. The result of this inability to predict ;md therefore prevent these aces of violence has resulted in an increased incarceration of adolescents in the criminal justice system. Two previous studies (Criminal Justice Association, 1993; Dembo. Hughes, Jackson & Mieczkowski, 1993) have noted similar results. While no system is 100% accurate. there arc known risk factors of violent behavior (Flannery. 1998: Monahan. 1981: Webster & fackson. 1997). This study examined many of these known indicators of violent behavior: and, identified other …

The Effects Of Acculturation Level On Boston Naming Test And Controlled Oral Word Association Test In A Sample Ofhisparrics Ofmexican-American Extraction, Megan D. Nicoloff

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

This research investigated in the relationship between acculturation and performance on verbal fluency tasks in a sample of 57 Hispanics of Mexican-American extraction. It was hypothesized that as acculturation to Anglo-American culture approaches assimilation, facilitation of word fluency on the Boston Naming Test (BNT) and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWA) will increase. As the independent variable, acculturation was examined on three levels: Mexican·oriented, balanced, and Anglo-oriented using Scale One of the Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans· Second Edition (ARSMA·II). The dependent variables were verbal fluency scores on the BNT and COWA. A 3 x 2 (acculturation group …