Psychology Commons^™

Trends. Biopolitics And Anthrax: A United States Fiasco?, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article discusses the biopolitical issues involved with the mass inoculation of United States military forces against anthrax.

Preventing Political Violence: Instincts And Their Vicissitudes, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes some of the implications of hypothesizing an aggression instinct for preventing political violence.

Missile Defense Versus Deterrence: A Troubling Dichotomy, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes fallacies in contrasting anti-ballistic missile defense with nuclear deterrence as mutually exclusive constructs.

Trends. Defense Mechanisms On Defense: A Perle Of Wisdom Or A Brilliant Pebble, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article discusses the logic of Richard Perle, former US Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Policy, regarding the technological failure of a limited anti-ballistic missile defense system.

The Import Of Political Psychology For Global Health And Security: The Case Of Aids, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes a number of applied research areas that political psychologists can explore to help manage the threat to global health and security from acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

The Public Psychologies Of Terrorism: An Example From France, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes several hypothetical intrapsychic phenomena that may be activated to engender terrorist behavior after the publicization of a terrorist event.

Lateral And Vertical Structures Of Politics: Psychological Movement And Principles Of The Natural Sciences. (Work In Progress), Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article discusses Dr. Ji-Young Kim's theory of mind, and the political implications of it.

Trends. Correct Political Incorrectness: Can Germans Be Right About Jews?, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article discusses former Chancellor of Germany Helmut Kohl's analogy, which compared boycotts of his fundraising campaign to pay for fines incurred on his political party because of his illegal and illicit fund-raising initiatives to Nazi-era boycotts of Jewish shops.

Complexity, Age, And Building Preference, Thomas R. Herzog, Ronda L. Shier

Peer Reviewed Articles

The authors explore the role of complexity in the relation between building age and preference. Age was assessed as a categorical (via stimulus selection) and a continuous (via ratings of 64 color slides of urban buildings) variable. In either case, the authors replicated earlier research in showing that modern buildings were preferred over older buildings when building maintenance was not controlled, but when it was controlled, the relation reversed, and the older buildings were better liked. However, when a composite-rating measure of complexity was introduced, a somewhat different pattern emerged. Complexity interacted with rated age. The nature of the interaction …

Religious Involvement And Dispositional Characteristics As Predictors Of Work Attitudes And Behaviors, Tami Leigh Knotts

Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of this dissertation was to empirically examine the effects of (1) religious involvement on job attitudes, (2) dispositions on job attitudes, and (3) religious involvement on workplace behaviors. This study also assessed whether job attitudes mediated the effect of religious involvement an workplace behaviors or the interaction effect of religious involvement and dispositional characteristics on workplace behaviors.

Higher levels of religious involvement were hypothesized to lead to more positive work attitudes and behaviors. Conservative and self-transcendent values along with positive well-being were expected to lead to positive attitudes at work. The effect of religious involvement on work behaviors …

The Upward Pygmalion Effect In The Organization, Lei Wang

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

This study examined the upward Pygmalion effect from the subordinate to the supervisor. One hundred and sixty-one undergraduate participants assumed the role of a supervisor and were randomly assigned to one of nine experimental conditions representing different levels of expectations and performance feedback. Participants then completed questionnaires designed to measure self-efficacy and the performance effort level of the supervisor. The result of the study failed to support the hypotheses that positive subordinate expectations would improve supervisors' self-efficacy level and that negative subordinate expectations would have little impact on supervisors' self-efficacy level, but succeeded in supporting the hypothesis that supervisors' performance …

Primate Numerical Competence: Contributions Toward Understanding Nonhuman Cognition, Sarah T. Boysen, Karen I. Hallberg

Sentience Collection

Nonhuman primates represent the most significant extant species for comparative studies of cognition, including such complex phenomena as numerical competence, among others. Studies of numerical skills in monkeys and apes have a long, though somewhat sparse history, although questions for current empirical studies remain of great interest to several fields, including comparative, developmental, and cognitive psychology; anthropology; ethology; and philosophy, to name a few. In addition to demonstrated similarities in complex information processing, empirical studies of a variety of potential cognitive limitations or constraints have provided insights into similarities and differences across the primate order, and continue to offer theoretical …

Comparison Of Utah And Dodpi Scoring Accuracy: Equating Veracity Decision Rule, Chart Rule, And Number Of Data Channels Used, Stuart M. Senter, Andrew B. Dollins, Donald J. Krapohl, Department Of Defense Polygraph Institute Research Division

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

The performance of scorers using the University of Utah and Department of Defense Polygraph Institute (DoD PI) physiological detection of deception chart evaluation rules were compared to discover if differences in laboratory-based decision accuracy rates are due to chart evaluation rules. Four scorers (two based at the DoD PI , two based at the University of Utah) evaluated the charts from 100 polygraph examinations (50 deceptive, 50 nondeceptive). We attempted to isolate scorer ability by equating the rules for making veracity decisions, number of charts used, and number of data channels considered. There was no evidence, when these variables were …

Authoritarianism, Social Dominance Orientation, And Behavior In Majority And Minority Groups, Suzanne Hillin

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The influence of authoritarianism, social dominance, and ingroup identification on ingroup favoritism and outgroup discrimination in a minimal group paradigm were investigated in this study. Possible effects of majority and minority group size interactions with these constructs were also examined. It has been previously shown that right-wing authoritarianism (Altemeyer, 1981) and social dominance orientation (Pratto, Sidanius, Stallworth, & Malle, 1994) influence ingroup favoritism and outgroup discrimination in Tajfel's (1978) minimal group paradigm (McFarland & Ageyev, 1992; Perrault & Bourhis, 1999; Sidanius, Pratto, & Mitchell, 1994). Majority and minority group status also influence behavior in minimal groups (Gerard & Hoyt, 1974; …

A Social-Cognitive Approach To Salesperson Work Motivation, Lawrence Scott Silver

Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to apply a social-cognitive model of motivation, used extensively in educational psychology, to a sales setting. The topic pertaining to work motivation and its importance is evidenced by the amount of research devoted to the topic. The literature examined for this study was selected from the fields of industrial/organizational psychology, educational psychology, and marketing/sales. Specifically, this study addressed the following research questions: (1) To what extent is salespeople's goal orientation determined by their implicit personality theory? (2) Do salespeople's goal orientation determine their behavior pattern? (3) Does optimism moderate the relationship between salespeople's implicit …

Effect Of Cooperative Learning (Student Teams -Achievement Divisions) On African American And Caucasian Students' Interracial Friendships, James Edward Cook

Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to gauge the impact of cooperative learning teams on interracial friendships. The participants were 256 sixth, seventh, and eighth grade students in English classes (20% African American and 80% Caucasian) at a rural middle school in Louisiana. After delivery of instruction, the experimental group studied worksheets in teams, received rewards based upon the team's performance, and received individual grades based upon individual exam scores. The control group studied worksheets individually and received individual grades. This eight week study utilized the sociometric question, “Who are your friends in this class?” as the pretest and posttest …

Students' Attitudes Towards Statistics In Medical Research: A Comparison Of Four Health Sciences Programs, James G. Dexter

Psychology ETDs

Driven by a market that is imposing greater scrutiny on health care providers as well as by an explosive increase in health-related research, there is a growing need for an improved understanding of statistical design and analysis among today's students and practitioners in the health sciences. Although most students in the health sciences are required to take an introductory statistics course prior to entering professional programs, little is known about the attitudes those students possess regarding the use of statistics in medical research.

Factors Associated With The Occurrence And Cessation Of Relational Intrusion, Leila Baldwin Dutton-Greene

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

This study investigated factors associated with the occurrence and cessation of pursuit after the termination of a romantic relationship. Participants were 384 undergraduate and graduate students at Old Dominion University and the University of Rhode Island. Questionnaires were completed by 219 female students (110 who had difficulty letting go of a relationship, 109 whose partner had difficulty letting go) and 161 male students (94 who had difficulty letting go, 67 whose partner had difficulty). Participants completed measures assessing attachment style, emotional distress at the time of break up, alternatives to the relationship, and relationship satisfaction. Those who had pursued a …

Group And Individual Treatment Of Compulsive Hoarding: A Pilot Study, Gail Steketee, Randy O. Frost, Jeff Wincze, Kamala A.I. Greene, Heidi Douglass

Psychology: Faculty Publications

Treatment of compulsive hoarding has rarely been described in the literature, apart from standard treatments for obsessive compulsive disorder of which hoarding is thought to be a subset. This paper presents preliminary findings from seven patients treated with cognitive and behavioral interventions derived from Frost and Hartl's (1996) theoretical model of hoarding. Six clients attended 15 group treatment sessions over 20 weeks plus individual home treatment sessions and one client received 20 weekly-sessions of individual treatment only. After 20 weeks, treatment resulted in noticeable improvement in several hoarding symptoms for five of the seven patients, especially reduction in excessive acquisition …

Spousal Violence Levels Among Substance-Abusing Couples After Behavioral Couples Therapy Versus Individual-Based Treatment, Shannon O'Neill Arehart

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Domestic violence and substance abuse are two of the most prevalent and detrimental social ills plaguing American society today. Additionally, domestic violence and substance abuse are inter-related, and are often found within the same family or relationship. Understanding the relationship between these two problems is essential, especially in the context of therapy or treatment.

Previous studies have shown that behavioral couples therapy (BCT), a treatment for substance abuse problems in which couples participate in conjoint therapy sessions, can be effective in reducing the levels of spousal violence in alcoholic couples (O'Farrell & Murphy, 1995). Additionally, BCT has been effective in …

Time Of Day Effects On The Performance On The Screening Test Of Auditory Processing, Christine Anne Mackenzie

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine if any significant relationships existed between time of day and central auditory processing using a screening test of central auditory performance. The study specifically addressed the following research questions: 1. Is there a difference in the scores of morning and evening type individuals on the Filtered Word subtest, the. Auditory Figure-Ground subtest, or the Competing Words subtest of the SCAN? 2. Is there a difference between morning and evening test time for differing types of individuals on the Filtered Word subtest, the Auditory Figure-Ground subvest, or the Competing Words subtest of the …

Law And The Biology Of Rape: Reflections On Transitions, Owen D. Jones

Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications

This Article serves is a sequel to a previous Article: Sex, Culture, and the Biology of Rape: Toward Explanation and Prevention, 87 Cal. L. Rev. 827 (1999). Part I briefly considers the threshold question: why consider the behavioral biology of sexual aggression at all? Part II proposes that the first step in transitioning to a more accurate and more useful model of rape behavior is to avoid a number of common definitional ambiguities that plague most rape discussions. Because those ambiguities are particularly likely to foster misunderstandings about biobehavioral perspectives, Part II also clarifies the scope of what biobehavioral theories …

The Political Personalities Of 2000 U.S. Presidential Candidates George W. Bush And Al Gore, Aubrey Immelman

Psychology Faculty Publications

This paper presents the results of indirect psychodiagnostic assessments of the political personalities of Texas governor George W. Bush and U.S. vice president Al Gore, putative Republican and Democratic nominees in the U.S. presidential election of 2000, from the conceptual perspective of Theodore Millon.

Information concerning George W. Bush and Al Gore was collected from published biographical and autobiographical accounts and political reports in the print media, and synthesized into personality profiles using the second edition of the Millon Inventory of Diagnostic Criteria (MIDC), which yields 34 normal and maladaptive personality classifications congruent with Axis II of DSM–IV.

The …

Transboundary Areas And Peace: Virtual Peace And Virtual Reality In The 21st Century, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article outlines a conceptual structure for developing knowledge and assessing the impact that transboundary areas may have on Issues of war and peace. This structure is based on the constructs of virtual peace and virtual reality. Also, this structure can be used by psychologists and other researchers, political leaders and policymakers, and citizens throughout the world committed to a world with more peace and less war.

Trends. Hard On Defense As Soft On Defense: A Recurring Vulnerability Of The Nation-State, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article discusses the psychologies surrounding the idea of being "hard" on defense.

The Evolution Of Scientific Psychology And Public Policy: On Violence And Its Antidotes, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article presents a conceptual context for considering the utility of psychology for public policy and addresses this utility for the public policy goal of minimizing human violence.

A Future Of Human And Civil Rights In Zimbabwe: Ideology And Outcome Research, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes two common approaches to achieving human and civil rights and what may be needed to select among these and other approaches.

Trends. No More Rogue Nations And The Power Of Words: A Coup For Ibpp?, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article discusses the possible consequences of the choice of political language regarding "rogue nations," and "states of concern."

Trends. Young Dr. Assad: Seeing Is Believing, The Child Is Father To The Man, Or The Father Of The Child Is The Father To The Man?, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article discusses predictions about national leadership based on early psychological challenges and modes of response, with Bashar al-Assad of Syria as an example.

Trends. Counterterrorist And Human Rights Logic And Illogic, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article discusses and evaluates Human Rights Watch's critique of the United States Commission on Terrorism and its decision to lift restrictions on the Central Intelligence Agency to recruit foreign informants who have been involved in serious human rights abuses.