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1999

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Articles 511 - 540 of 541

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Deception In Interpersonal Settings: The Relationship Between The Content Of An Excuse And Its Recipient, Vera Margaret Trefry Jan 1999

Deception In Interpersonal Settings: The Relationship Between The Content Of An Excuse And Its Recipient, Vera Margaret Trefry

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

A correlational study investigated the nature of excuses, including the relationship of excuse complexity, uniqueness, frequency, and success to the level of knowledge the recipient has about the excuse giver. Analysis of results from responses of 121 participants to questionnaires describing excuses to employers, teachers, parents, and spouse/boy/girlfriends found that the complexity and uniqueness of excuses vary positively with the knowledge level of the recipient, but only when an unequal power relationship exists between the recipient and the excuse giver. Excuses to recipients with a low personal knowledge level of the excuse giver, such as employers or teachers, tended to …

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Effect Of Discounting On Self-Generated Attitude Change: A Person By Situtation, Fiorella Giulietta Speziani Jan 1999

Effect Of Discounting On Self-Generated Attitude Change: A Person By Situtation, Fiorella Giulietta Speziani

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This research used a trait-based impression formation task to explore the effect of instructional set and opportunity for thought on inconsistency discounting. It was predicted that attitude polarization would be attenuated, regardless of opportunity for thought, when discounting incongruent information was difficult. When discounting incongruent information was easy, attitude polarization was expected to increase as opportunity for thought increased. The relationship between discounting and opportunity for thought was expected to be accentuated when individuals are low in tolerance for ambiguity. The results did not support these predictions. Explanations for the results are discussed and directions for future research are proposed.

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Annual 1999 Academic Affairs Forum: Access To A Quality Education, Ellen N. Junn Jan 1999

Annual 1999 Academic Affairs Forum: Access To A Quality Education, Ellen N. Junn

Office of the Provost Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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The Effect Of Employment And Workers' Compensation Litigation On The Pain, Psychological State And Disability Of Chronic Back Pain Sufferers, P. B. Suter Jan 1999

The Effect Of Employment And Workers' Compensation Litigation On The Pain, Psychological State And Disability Of Chronic Back Pain Sufferers, P. B. Suter

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Previous research exploring the relationship between litigation status and the symptoms of the plaintiff has been inconsistent and limited by methodological dlfficulties. While Mendelson (1984, 1986, 1988) argued there was no difference In symptoms and rates of work return between litigating chronic pain patients and those not involved in the compensation system, others argued that work related injuries were maintained either by the plaintiffs' wish for monetary compensation (compensation neurosis), or by their involvement in the medico-legal process with the stress of the litigation slowing down the recuperative process (nomogenic influences). Dworkin and colleagues (1985) highlighted the importance of including …

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Disruptive Behaviour In Nursing Home Residents: A Study Of Some Predisposing Factors, Ian F. Johnston Jan 1999

Disruptive Behaviour In Nursing Home Residents: A Study Of Some Predisposing Factors, Ian F. Johnston

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Behaviour disorders are common among nursing home residents and the management of these problems is difficult and emotionally taxing for caregivers. Although widespread acknowledgment of the problem exists amongst those caring for the elderly, there has, until recently, been little formal investigation of these disorders in any systematic degree. This study investigated 63 nursing home residents (22 males and 41 females) in two primary diagnostic categories; those with vascular dementia and those with dementia due to other causes, primarily Alzheimer's disease. A review of the literature suggested that the nature and frequency of disruptive behaviour differed across these two prevalent …

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Burnout Among Western Australian Psychologists : Exploring Issues Within Forensic Psychology As Potential Predictors, Claire L. Lynn Jan 1999

Burnout Among Western Australian Psychologists : Exploring Issues Within Forensic Psychology As Potential Predictors, Claire L. Lynn

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

The level of burnout among a sample of Western Australian psychologists and a comparison of scores to the American normative sample of mental health workers was investigated. The study was also particularly interested to explore whether issues pertinent to the forensic psychologist were predictive of burnout. Burnout was measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), which comprises three components: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low personal accomplishment The study explored whether characteristics in relation to the psychologist, the client and the workplace had predictive value for the level of burnout. Variables considered across these characteristics were age and gender, client problem …

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Bibliotherapy : Background, Application And Research, Carla Marie Eich Jan 1999

Bibliotherapy : Background, Application And Research, Carla Marie Eich

Graduate Research Papers

This paper examines bibliotherapy in several aspects. Bibliotherapy is using books to help with client's problems or for developmental adjustment and growth. Bibliotherapy has a long history, dating back to early man. However, it was not until this century that scholars began studying it further. In 1949, the process of bibliotherapy was developed which is discussed in this paper. Research support for bibliotherapy has been mixed and speculation as to why is also discussed. There are many limitations of bibliotherapy which are important to consider if a therapist is interested in bibliotherapy. This paper allows the critics of bibliotherapy to …

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Policies And Programs To Prevent Child Maltreatment And Promote Family Wellness In Ghana, Bright Isaac Asante Jan 1999

Policies And Programs To Prevent Child Maltreatment And Promote Family Wellness In Ghana, Bright Isaac Asante

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This study examined policies and programs to prevent child maltreatment and promote family wellness in Ghana. In the thesis, I discussed values that guide child-care in Ghana, the daily realities of children and families, and policies and programs to promote family wellness and prevent child maltreatment. Lastly, I looked at the climate for prevention and early intervention. I presented recommendations under each of these sections. In the first part of the literature review, I examined some definitions of child maltreatment, the prevalence rate, etiology, and consequences of maltreatment. In the second part, I reviewed some policies and programs to prevent …

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Parenting Experience And Gender Role Socialization In Toy Play Situations, Sara Elizabeth Gugula Jan 1999

Parenting Experience And Gender Role Socialization In Toy Play Situations, Sara Elizabeth Gugula

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This study investigated the role of parenting experience on the gender socialization of children. Each of the children (N=48) played with three adults; one of their parents, one parent of another child, and one non-parent. The amount of time children and adults played with gender-specific toys, adults’ categorization of toys into gender categories and adults’ desirability ratings of gender-specific toys were examined. Results indicated that boys spent most of their time playing with masculine toys, while girls spent an equal amount of time playing with feminine and neutral toys and the least amount of time playing with masculine toys. The …

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Feminism Meets Self-Care In Social Change Work, Wendy L. Telford Jan 1999

Feminism Meets Self-Care In Social Change Work, Wendy L. Telford

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The trauma literature reveals that anti-violence work can negatively affect anti-violence workers. These effects are different from those of doing general counselling, therapy, and research. The effects include disrupted beliefs about the goodness of people, difficulty trusting others, emotional numbness, psychic drain, spiritual disconnectedness, and loss of meaning and purpose in life. I experienced a negative transformation while participating in feminist social change work, specifically feminist anti-violence work. I decided to investigate this transformation and share my insights. I collected the data from within myself through an intuitive, reflective writing process, then compared and contrasted my experience to relevant literature. …

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Planning And Developing School-Based Community Supports For Refugee Children, Peggy (Margaret) Nickels Jan 1999

Planning And Developing School-Based Community Supports For Refugee Children, Peggy (Margaret) Nickels

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Despite the growing numbers of refugee families settling in Canada, there is little or no documentation on how to support the healing process of refugee children. The purpose of this study was to learn about planning and developing school-based community supports for these children by examining and documenting several school-based community initiatives in Kitchener-Waterloo. Data collected included three focus group interviews, seven key informant interviews, a document review, and a research process journal. Findings were organized around motivation, guiding values and principles, resources, processes, actions, partnerships, dynamics, and sustainability. Shared values and principles emerged as the passion and the glue …

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Community Gardeners: Planting The Seeds Of A Sustainable Future, Janet Ann O'Reilly Jan 1999

Community Gardeners: Planting The Seeds Of A Sustainable Future, Janet Ann O'Reilly

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

My personal and academic journey with community gardening began in the spring of 1997, when I joined my first community garden and became involved in a local community group called the Community Gardening Network of Waterloo Region. It was during a graduate course that I first heard about community gardens and other community food projects. I had not been aware of the significant participation of citizens, like me, in such projects. In the classroom, we had discussed community food projects, like community gardens, as alternative settings in the context of broader social change considerations. Due in part to this exposure …

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Programs For The Promotion Of Family Wellness And The Prevention Of Child Maltreatment: A Meta-Analytic Review, Jennifer R. Macleod Jan 1999

Programs For The Promotion Of Family Wellness And The Prevention Of Child Maltreatment: A Meta-Analytic Review, Jennifer R. Macleod

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This thesis is a meta-analytic review of interventions that focus on the promotion of family wellness and the prevention of child maltreatment. Fifty-six evaluations which met the inclusion criteria were coded and effect sizes were calculated for each of the studies. I identified five key elements or “moderator variables,” through a review of the literature, which I believed might have an impact on the effectiveness of interventions. These moderator variables were: an ecological framework, an empowerment/strengths-based focus, the duration/intensity of the intervention, and the availability of social support and concrete support. A three step model testing process was used to …

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Applied Ethics In Mental Health In Cuba: Concepts, Values, Dilemmas And Resources, Laura Sanchez Valdes Jan 1999

Applied Ethics In Mental Health In Cuba: Concepts, Values, Dilemmas And Resources, Laura Sanchez Valdes

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

In this thesis I studied the concepts of applied ethics of mental health professionals in Cuba. In the thesis, I discuss the values that guide Cuban professionals in their work, the dilemmas they encounter, the resources that facilitate solving ethical dilemmas and the barriers they encounter in addressing them. In addition, I present recommendations for the prevention of harm in professional practice. In the first part of the literature review, I critique traditional concepts of applied ethics prevalent in North America. These concepts are criticized for their lack of applicability to the working life of the professional. An alternative model …

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Don't Let The Sun Go Down On Me: The Relationship Between Gay Men Living With Hiv And Their Physicians (Immune Deficiency), Adele Parkinson-Heyes Jan 1999

Don't Let The Sun Go Down On Me: The Relationship Between Gay Men Living With Hiv And Their Physicians (Immune Deficiency), Adele Parkinson-Heyes

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

In this thesis I examine the doctor-client relationship from the perspective of gay men living with HIV. I asked six gay men living with HIV the following open-ended question “Could you tell me about the relationship you have with your physician?” during in-depth interviews. I used narrative analysis to interpret the verbatim transcriptions of each interview. In the findings section I present each man’s story in his own words supplemented with my interpretative comments. The findings revealed that gay men living with HIV had both positive and negative experiences in their relationships with physicians. I identified two contrasting themes: connection …

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Board Transition In A Student Government Organization: Developing Effective Organizational Change, Rolando Eduardo Inzunza Jan 1999

Board Transition In A Student Government Organization: Developing Effective Organizational Change, Rolando Eduardo Inzunza

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

I focused the research project on creating effective transition in a graduate student government organization of which I was the president in 1998-1997. I conducted the evaluation as an insider, using a participatory-action research model. My search of the literature focused on principles of community psychology and how the literature on learning organizations could apply these principles as organizational goals. I then used organizational development as a model for putting these principles and subsequent goals into practice. I guided the evaluation and improvement of board transition with measures of board effectiveness. I collected the data from in-depth qualitative interviews with …

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An Examination Of The Creation And Impact Of A Supported Housing Program For Psychiatric Consumer/Survivors, Shannon Parkinson Jan 1999

An Examination Of The Creation And Impact Of A Supported Housing Program For Psychiatric Consumer/Survivors, Shannon Parkinson

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Supported housing has existed for approximately a decade, but knowledge on the implementation of the approach and the impacts on consumer/survivors is scarce. The current qualitative study described a supported housing program in Winnipeg, Manitoba and determined a fit with the definition of supported housing developed by Parkinson, Nelson, and Horgan (1999). Information was presented regarding the implementation process of this program, including review of the program operations, implementation of the shift, remedying difficulties, and maintaining practice within the values of the community integration/empowerment paradigm As well, three individuals shared personal stories of their involvement in the program and the …

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Ondansetron Interferes With The Establishment And Expression Of Lithium-Induced Conditioned Rejection Reactions, Cheryl Lynn Limebeer Jan 1999

Ondansetron Interferes With The Establishment And Expression Of Lithium-Induced Conditioned Rejection Reactions, Cheryl Lynn Limebeer

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Conditioned rejection reactions displayed in the taste reactivity test may reflect conditioned nausea in rats because they are exclusively produced by emetic agents. The present experiments demonstrated that pretreatment with the anti-nausea agent, ondansetron, interfered with the establishment of conditioned rejection reactions (Experiment 1) and interfered with the expression of previously established conditioned rejection reactions (Experiment 2). Ondansetron selectively interfered with conditioned nausea as reflected by conditioned rejection reactions because it did not modify the unconditioned rejection reactions elicited by unpalatable quinine solution (Experiment 2). Although ondansetron blocked the expression of the selective taste reactivity reaction of conditioned rejection, it …

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Participatory Action Research Learning Involving Women Who Have Developmental Challenges, Barbara Diane Weaver Zupko Jan 1999

Participatory Action Research Learning Involving Women Who Have Developmental Challenges, Barbara Diane Weaver Zupko

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Participatory Action Research Learning (PARL) is both a logical and effective tool for addressing the issue of violence against women who have developmental challenges. Lack of power and lack of credibility have been identified as two important risk factors that make women with challenges more vulnerable to violence. Research that aims to address issues of violence and abuse therefore must also address issues of power and credibility. In this document I describe how a group of stakeholders, including four women who have developmental challenges, worked together on a project to create resources for prevention of, and education about, violence against …

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Single Mothers, Income, And Health: An Analysis Of Risk And Protective Factors, Melanie Quickfall Jan 1999

Single Mothers, Income, And Health: An Analysis Of Risk And Protective Factors, Melanie Quickfall

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This study examined the relationships between single mothers, income and health, using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects that certain risk factors (low income, stress, public housing, financial stress, education, home satisfaction, single parenting) and protective factors (neighbourhood satisfaction, social support, program participation, community integration) had on both the physical and mental health of single mothers. In the quantitative component, statistical analyses (a series of two-way mixed ANOVA’s and linear regressions) were conducted on interview data from 276 mothers who were involved in the Better Beginnings, Better Futures project in Highfield-Etobicoke, …

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Latter-Day Saint Fathers Of Children With Special Needs: A Phenomenological Study, Michael M. Olson Jan 1999

Latter-Day Saint Fathers Of Children With Special Needs: A Phenomenological Study, Michael M. Olson

Theses and Dissertations

This research, presents a qualitative study of six Latter-day Saint fathers of children with special needs. In-depth interviews were used to examine the demands and resources fathers draw upon in meeting the needs of their child(ren), the application of the conceptual ethic of fathering as generative work and crisis/stress theory, as well as an analysis of how fathers incorporated their religious beliefs, faith, and practices into fathering their special needs children. Narrative accounts are used to illustrate the results. These results are then applied to an integrated conceptual framework and clinical applications are made.

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Delusional Disorder, Nancy S. Thurston Jan 1999

Delusional Disorder, Nancy S. Thurston

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Excerpt: "Delusional disorder is one among several types of psychotic disorders, all of which involve grossly impaired reality testing. The core feature of delusional disorder is one or more nonbizarre delusions that last for at least one month. These delusions involve situations that could plausibly happen in life. Apart from the direct impact of the delusion, persons with this disorder appear normal to others and are able to function adequately in everyday life. If the person has a mood episode (such as depression) while having delusions, it must be relatively brief in order to warrant the delusional disorder diagnosis. The …

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Stereotypic Movement Disorder, Nancy S. Thurston Jan 1999

Stereotypic Movement Disorder, Nancy S. Thurston

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Excerpt: "Persons with stereotypic movement disorder move their bodies in ways that are nonfunctional, repetitive, and seemingly driven. This may include relatively benign movements such as rocking, hand waving, and twirling objects. However, it may also involve dangerous or even life-threatening behaviors such as head banging and self-biting."

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Aversion Therapy, Rodger K. Bufford Jan 1999

Aversion Therapy, Rodger K. Bufford

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Excerpt: "Aversion therapy uses a number of techniques and stimuli to weaken or eliminate undesirable responses such as deviant sexual behavior and substance abuse. In theory punishment is used to directly reduce the frequency of undesired behaviors through contingent presentation or removal of a stimulus, while aversion, or aversive counter-conditioning, seeks to change the undesirable response indirectly by altering the functions of the discriminative and reinforcing stimuli. In practice this distinction is somewhat blurred, since many aversion procedures have both punishing and stimulus-altering effects."

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Thought Stopping, Rodger K. Bufford Jan 1999

Thought Stopping, Rodger K. Bufford

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Excerpt: "A behavioral technique used to help persons troubled by recurring uncontrolled thoughts and worries. Examples include obsessive rumination about cleanliness that persists even after careful washing, excessive fear of riding in automobiles or planes, and extreme fearfulness about being robbed or assaulted."

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John Broadus Watson, Rodger K. Bufford Jan 1999

John Broadus Watson, Rodger K. Bufford

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Excerpt: "Father of American behavioral psychology. Born and reared in Greenville, South Carolina, he received an M.A. from Furman University and then went to the University of Chicago, where he received his Ph.D. in 1903 and remained as an instructor. In 1908 Watson left Chicago for Johns Hopkins. Forced to resign from Johns Hopkins in 1920 due to adverse publicity about his divorce, he subsequently entered the advertising business."

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An Intervention Approach For Children With Teacher- And Parent-Identified Attentional Difficulties, Margaret Semrud-Clikeman, Kathleen H. Nielsen, Amanda Clinton, Leihua Sylvester, Nancy Parle, Robert T. Connor Jan 1999

An Intervention Approach For Children With Teacher- And Parent-Identified Attentional Difficulties, Margaret Semrud-Clikeman, Kathleen H. Nielsen, Amanda Clinton, Leihua Sylvester, Nancy Parle, Robert T. Connor

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Using a multimodal and multi-informant method for diagnosis, we selected 33 children by teacher and parent nomination for attention and work completion problems that met DSM-IV criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Of the 33 children in this group, 21 participated in the initial intervention, and 12 were placed in an ADHD control group and received the intervention after pre- and post-testing. A similarly selected group of 21 children without difficulties in attention and work completion served as a control group. Each child was assessed on pre- and posttest measures of visual and auditory attention. After an 18-week intervention period that …

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A Longitudinal Study Of Moral, Religious, And Identity Development In A Christian Liberal Arts Environment, James D. Foster, Beth Laforce Jan 1999

A Longitudinal Study Of Moral, Religious, And Identity Development In A Christian Liberal Arts Environment, James D. Foster, Beth Laforce

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Moral, religious, and identity development were assessed in a longitudinal study by sampling students enrolled at a Christian liberal arts college during their first semester, and again 3 1/2 years later. Those who continued enrollment to their senior year (persisters) were found to make greater gains in moral reasoning and greater movement toward identity achievement than those who did not continue enrollment (nonpersisters). Persisters were also found to decline significandy in religious well-being, particularly females, and extrinsic religiosity, while not changing in Shepherd scores or in intrinsic religiosity. Nonpersisters were found to increase significantly in intrinsic religiosity. Significant differences were …

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Technology, Professional Practice, And Ethics: Survey Findings And Implications, Mark R. Mcminn, Trey Buchanan, Brent M. Ellens, Molly K. Ryan Jan 1999

Technology, Professional Practice, And Ethics: Survey Findings And Implications, Mark R. Mcminn, Trey Buchanan, Brent M. Ellens, Molly K. Ryan

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

If a psychologist loses treatment records because of a computer failure, is it an ethical violation? The widespread growth of technology has outpaced the development of ethical standards for questions such as this, resulting in areas of uncertainty for psychologists. Four hundred twenty psychologists in independent practice rated the ethicality and their frequency of using 40 technologies. Technologies pertaining to the support functions of a psychologist's office are commonly used, but those technologies directly affecting clinical services are rarely used. More than half of the 40 items received equivocal ratings on ethicality, suggesting psychologists need guidelines and training for the …

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Values Affecting Collaboration Among Psychologists And Evangelical Clergy, Timothy P. Chaddock, Mark R. Mcminn Jan 1999

Values Affecting Collaboration Among Psychologists And Evangelical Clergy, Timothy P. Chaddock, Mark R. Mcminn

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Previous research has shown that shared values are important to both clergy and psychologists when considering the possibility of collaborating with one another, but it is not clear which values must be shared. Eighty-one psychologists and 56 evangelical Protestant clergy were surveyed using a values questionnaire developed by Jensen and Bergin (1988) with some additional items specifically pertaining to evangelical beliefs, revealing differences within value themes between clergy and psychologists. The epistemological foundations of the two professions create obstacles to collaboration, suggesting a need for psychologists to develop trusting relationships with clergy, engage in specialized training, and reevaluate the post-modern …

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