Psychology Commons^™

Subjective Culture In Health Interventions, Gerardo Marín

Psychology

No abstract provided.

Utilization Of Mental Health Services, Kevin M. Chun, P D. Akutsu

Psychology

No abstract provided.

Predictors Of Social Physique Anxiety In Adolescent Swimmers With Physical Disabilities, Jeffrey J. Martin

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

The purpose was to examine predictors of social physique anxiety (SPA) in adolescent swimmers with physical disabilities. Participants were 57 swimmers (27 females, 30 males, ages 16-19, M = 16.2) with various physical disabilities. A three-way ANOVA revealed significant differences in SPA between countries and among disabilities but not gender. Stepwise multiple regression results indicated that self-esteem and the self-identity subscale of the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS) were the best predictors of SPA but that gender, country, and type of disability were not significant.

Effects Of Perceived Verbal Aggressiveness And Proxemic Violations On Attributions Of Source Blameworthiness For Sexual Harassment, Evelyn René Davis

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

As society moves into the 21st century, sexual harassment remains a major problem in organizations (Buttny, 1993; Cockburn, 1991; Kreps, 1993; Langelan, 1993; Simons & Weissman, 1990; Taylor & Daly, 1995; Wolfson,1997). The Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title VII, made it illegal to discriminate against employees regarding race, color, religion, national origin, and sex, but at that point in time, the phrase "sexual harassment” had no meaning. Although women were aware of their daily struggles with gender discrimination in the workplace, no one had coined the phrase, and this pervasive problem was not yet an established part of the …

The Effects Of Color Contrast On Performance Of The Wais-R Digit Symbol Subtest, Wendell S. Francke

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Color contrast has been shown to aid in visual search tasks using electronic displays, while the research regarding the usefulness of color contrast in aiding visual search using a paper medium is mixed. The present study questions whether subjects’ performance will improve on a paper task where the search target is in high color contrast when compared with a task where the target color does not differ from the rest of the search field.

Thirty-nine adults with normal vision were administered two forms of the WAIS-R digit symbol subtest, one with low chromatic contrast and one with high chromatic contrast, …

Treatment For The Homeless Mentally Ill, Joyel Harless

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The effect of treatment on the homeless mentally ill was explored. Seventeen homeless individuals were screened with questionnaires to determine anxiety and depression (Krug, Laughlin, Scheiner, & Catell, 1976). One group included diagnosed mentally ill subjects, the other were non-diagnosed individuals. Both groups were tested upon admittance to either a treatment facility for homeless mentally ill persons or a community homeless shelter, respectively. They were again screened prior to discharge of either facility. Statistically, a rather significant difference was noted in the decrease of the diagnosed group’s anxiety level upon discharge. A similar, but less significant, statistical difference was also …

Perception Of Marital Satisfaction And Adjustment Between Males And Females In Rural Appalachia, Gina Ingram

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

With the divorce rates having doubled since 1960, numerous researchers have attempted to identify some of the relevant factors associated with successful marriages. This research attempted to identify those factors associated with marital satisfaction and adjustment among Appalachian males and females. Subjects were selected from southern West Virginia. Marital satisfaction and adjustment were evaluated using the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS). The DAS consisted of four subscales: Consensus, Cohension, Affectional Expression, and Satisfaction. The data were analyzed using Pearson Coefficient Product Correlation and t-tests. There were no significant differences among the descriptive variables and the subscale variables were identified. There was …

Comparing Aggression Between Young-Adult And General Admission Patients In A State-Inpatient Psychiatric Hospital, Jill Kridle

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Because of the inherent danger surrounding violence, aggression studies are particularly important for those working in a health care setting. A constant variable in aggression studies that poses many risk factors is age. This study examined characteristics of aggressors contained on state psychiatric hospital, located in West Virginia. Included on the unit was the neo-adult program and some general admission patients. The study evaluated all aggressors on the unit between September 1997 and August 1998. Comparisons were made to distinguish any possible differences or similarities between the two groups. The results indicated some differences relating to age of aggressor. Young-adult …

The Effect Of Music On Visuospatial Memory, James L. Mccracken

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Music was utilized in an attempt to enhance visuospatial memory. Twenty-eight individuals, who attended a United Methodist Church in southern West Virginia, were randomly assigned to experimental and control conditions. The experimental group was exposed to new age and classical compositions, counterbalanced for order effects. The new age and classical selections were of similar tempo and complexity. The control group received two relaxation periods, of a comparable length to the music presented to the experimental group. The 7/24 Spatial Recall Test was used to measure visuospatial memory. The measure was administered to each participant immediately after exposure to the music …

Using Selective Mmpl-2 Clinical Scales To Predict The Severity Of Prison Infractions For First Degree Murderers In A Maximum Security Prison, Margarita Lynn Pauley

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The MMPI-2 was administered to 56 adult male offenders in a maximum-security prison serving a life sentence for first degree murder. This study evaluated the predictive ability of the MMPI-2 scales 4, 6 and 9 to distinguish among groups of inmates with high and low infraction rates. Results indicated that as the weighted infraction rate (WRI) increased above 9, the T score on scale 4 sharply decreased at the same rate of the increase for 0-9 WRI. Results also supported a relationship where as the T score on scale 9 increased the WIR also increased. Inmates who refused to comply …

The Effects Of Music Therapy On Reducing Depression Among The Hospitalized Elderly Diagnosed With Dementia, Alan J. Blosser

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Music therapy was implemented as an affordable and accesible intervention for the hospitalized elderly diagnosed with dementia to reduce depression. Thirty hospitalized, elderly individuals diagnosed with dementia were randomly assigned to experimental and control conditions. The experimental group were involved in six one-half hour music therapy sessions over a three week period. Music was selected according to group preference. No intervention was provided to the control group. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used to measure depression. The instrument was administered orally to both groups one week prior to treatment, within two days after treatment had been completed, and two …

The Conners' Continuous Performance Test Compared With The Attention Problems Scale Of The Child Behavior Checklist In Adhd Children, Krista J. Burdette

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

This study examined the relationship between errors of omission and commission on Conners’ Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and parental report of behavior ratings as demonstrated by the Attention Problems scale of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The study was conducted using 33 children who were clinic-referred for assessment of behavioral and/or learning problems. The CPT was administered individually to the child via computer while the parent completed the CBCL. CPT inter-item reliability was found to be borderline (.7960) for Omission Errors and unacceptable (.7748) for Commission Errors. A Pearson correlation matrix revealed significant correlations among Age and Attention Problems Scale, …

The Impact Of A Passing Reference To Race On Perceptions Of Out-Group Differentiation: 'If You've Seen One...', Eaaron Henderson-King

Peer Reviewed Articles

Although a considerable amount of attention has been given to the cognitive origins, and the resulting consequences, of out-group variability effects, little research has examined the extent to which perceptions of variability are influenced by social interactions. In the current study, participants heard about a person who was assaulted by either a Black or a White assailant. They then completed a group differentiation measure. As expected, participants in the Black assailant condition perceived Blacks in a less differentiated manner than participants in either the control or the White assailant conditions.

Expert And Lay Mental Models Of Ecosystems: Inferences For Risk Communication, Jeffrey K. Lazo, Jason Kinnell, Toby Bussa, Ann Fisher, Nathan Collamer

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

The authors evaluate a mental modeling approach to studying differences between lay and expert comprehension of ecosystems.

Paranoid Personality Disorder., Nancy S. Thurston

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Excerpt: "The core feature of a paranoid personality disorder (PPD) is a longstanding, pervasive pattern of mistrust in the motives of others. Persons with this disorder assume that others have malevolent intentions to harm, exploit, or deceive them, even when no objective evidence exists. They ruminate over unfounded suspicions that their family and friends are disloyal and will scrutinize these relationships for evidence of untrustworthiness. In particular they are prone to pathological jealousy of their spouse or lover. They are often reluctant to confide in others out of fear that anything they say will be used against them. This makes …

The Dance Of Affinity, Robert Aitken

International Journal of Transpersonal Studies

No abstract provided.

Are Adaptations Necessarily Genetic?, Steven Scher

Faculty Research and Creative Activity

No abstract provided.

Spiritual And Religious Issues In Psychotherapy - In Benner & Hill's "Baker's Encyclopedia Of Psychology & Counseling", Mark R. Mcminn

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

No abstract provided.

Covert Modeling, Rodger K. Bufford

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Excerpt: "A cognitive process in which individuals change response patterns through imagining themselves engaging in the desired responses rather than by observing another person model the responses. Since these new responses are weak, even at the imaginal level, it is essential that they be reinforced in order to strengthen and maintain them. This reinforcement normally is self-administered. Covert modeling thus involves a combination of modeling and self-control procedures, all conducted internally in the form of thought and fantasy."

Models Of Mental Illness, Rodger K. Bufford

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Excerpt: "Although the concept of mental illness is central to the field of mental health and the practice of counseling, there is continuing disagreement about its definition. Several views are widely held. Each has important implications for understanding mental illness, determining which conditions are disorders and who has them, and choosing appropriate approaches to treatment. This controversy involves several important issues."

Counterconditioning, Rodger K. Bufford

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Excerpt: "In counterconditioning a maladaptive response is eliminated by establishing a new response in the presence of the stimulus that initially controlled occurrence of the maladaptive response. In a classical study crying in the presence of a rabbit was eliminated by feeding the fearful child and gradually bringing the rabbit into the child's proximity while he ate."

Behavioral Psychology, Rodger K. Bufford

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Excerpt: "Behavioral psychology is concerned with the conditions involved in development, maintenance, and control of the behavior of individuals and other organisms. Behavioral approaches have been developed in many areas of applied psychology. These raise a number of issues important from a Christian perspective."

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Winston Seegobin

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Excerpt: "Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychological disorder precipitated by exposure to a traumatic event or a series of events. This event is usually experienced by an individual. However, PTSD can also develop as a result of observing or hearing of a traumatic event occurring in someone else's life (such as a relative or a close friend). PTSD was introduced as a disorder in 1980 in the DSM-III. The DSM-Ill-R's condition for diagnosis was the experiencing of a traumatic event that was "outside the range of usual human experience." However, in DSM-IV, the focus is not so much on …

Overcorrection, Rodger K. Bufford

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Excerpt: "Like extinction, response cost contingency, and time out, overcorrection is a behavioral procedure used to decrease the frequency of an undesired behavior. Overcorrection involves an exaggerated form of making amends or restoring the damages caused by misbehavior. Schreibman, Charlop, and Kurtz (1992) describe overcorrection as a weak or "mild but effective form of punishment [requiring] effortful behavior contingent on the occurrence of inappropriate behavior" (p. 339). For example, a child who runs in the hall may be required to return to the point of the offense and repeatedly walk from there to the desired destination; one who left the …

Burrhus Frederic Skinner, Rodger K. Bufford

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Excerpt: "Considered to be the father of modem behavioral psychology. Son of a moderately prosperous lawyer, Skinner was born in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania, and grew up there in a middle-class Protestant family. He attended Hamilton College, completing his B.A. in 1926. Skinner planned on a literary career but quickly gave this up. He enrolled in psychology at Harvard in 192 7, completing his M.A. in 19 30 and his Ph.D. in 1931."

Covert Sensitization, Rodger K. Bufford

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Excerpt: "A form of aversion therapy in which a covert response such as a thought or an image is followed by an imagined aversive event. An individual may imagine himself relaxing in front of the television and eating a large bowl of hot buttered popcorn, enjoying the smell and taste; he then imagines the rolls of fat accumulating around his waist, having to buy new clothes, and being rejected by his girlfriend because of his weight. In covert sensitization the cognitive elements of the stimulus-response sequence rather than overt responses and external stimuli are dealt with. The goal is to …

Language Learning Strategies: A Primer, Carol Lindenbrock Fujii

MA TESOL Collection

The question of why some learners acquire a second language more quickly than others has long been a problem for language teachers. Even when students seem basically equal in terms of opportunity and intelligence, progress can vary greatly. Variations in the language learning strategies students employ could explain why some students do better than others. Students can profitably explore the areas of language learning strategies to become more aware and successful learners. This paper begins by defining language learning strategies as the tools learners use to plan, monitor, and evaluate their own learning and to make that learning more efficient. …

Perception Of The Horizontal And Vertical In Tangible Displays: Minimal Gender Differences, Morton Heller, Jeffrey Calcaterra, Shavonda Green, Stevette Barnette

Faculty Research and Creative Activity

A study is reported of gender differences in a haptic version of three Piagetian tests that assess understanding of Euclidian space. A raised-line drawing kit was used both for subject responses and for production of stimuli. To test understanding of the horizontal, subjects felt pictures of a jar at four tilts and were asked to draw the water line. Two methods were used to examine understanding of the vertical. First, subjects drew a hanging electrical cord and light bulb, attached to the ceiling of a bus, parked on hills of four different angles. Subsequently, subjects drew telephone poles (represented by …

Treatment And Intervention Strategies For Battered Women : Breaking The Cycle Of Violence, Hope L. Huff

Graduate Research Papers

Partner violence is now understood to affect at least 8.7 million women per year (Roberts, 1998). As a result of the chronic abuse, many women suffer from psychological disorders requiring professional help. A large percentage of battered women demonstrate symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), including depression, anxiety, stress, low self-esteem, and somatic complaints (Margolin & Burman, 1993; Yegidis, 1992). Treatment and intervention strategies will be introduced for both individual and group therapy, based primarily on cognitive approaches.

Cognitive-Behavior Therapy With Children, Debra L. Irvin

Graduate Research Papers

This paper will look at the use of cognitive-behavior therapy with children. Specifically, it will focus on the areas of depression and anxiety. First, there will be a look at applying cognitive-behavior therapy to children. This includes strategies for working with children, and developmental considerations with children. Next, there will be a focus on using cognitive-behavior therapy for children with depression. This section includes an examination of depression in children, and three cognitive-behavioral treatment strategies. The strategies to be discussed include affective education, cognitive restructuring, and social skills training. Finally, there will be an exploration of the use of cognitive-behavior …