Psychology Commons^™

The Social Diffusion Of Safe Sex Behaviors In College Women, Sherry Pagoto

Masters Theses

With the ever rising numbers of people becoming infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as reported by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC, 1997) the need for preventing the spread of infection is clear. One promising intervention, based on a theory called social diffusion, involves training popular opinion leaders to act as behavior change endorsers within their community (Kelly, 1991). This study found 25-30% reductions in high-risk behaviors and 16-18% increases in safe sex behaviors in a male homosexual population as a result of this type of intervention. The current study examines the effectiveness of this intervention within a …

A Positive Psychological Theory Of Judging In Hindsight, Jeffrey J. Rachlinski

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

Functional Relations Among Constructs In The Same Content Domain At Different Levels Of Analysis: A Typology Of Composition Models, David Chan

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Composition models specify the functional relationships among phenomena or constructs at different levels of analysis (e.g., individual level, team level, organizational level) that reference essentially the same content but that are qualitatively different at different levels (M. T. Hannan, 1971, K. H. Roberts, C. L. Hulin, & D. M. Rousseau, 1978, D. M. Rousseau, 1985). Specifying adequate composition models is a critical component of good multilevel research. A typology of composition models is proposed to provide a framework for organizing, evaluating, and developing constructs and theories in multilevel research. Five basic forms of composition are described and illustrated. Implications of …

Machiavellianism Achievement And Gender Roles, Kathleen M. Gibson

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

The focus of the current study was to find a relationship between Machiavellianism and achievement motivation. Gender, gender-role orientation, and college major were also introduced as variables. Two-hundred and forty university students majoring in either business or psychology completed various self-report measures. Results based on correlations and an analysis of variance produced the following results: Women of both majors had higher Machiavellian scores than males of both majors; business majors had a higher desire to work hard and were more competitive than psychology majors (especially males); scores on the Machiavellian scale positively correlated with competitiveness for females. For males, Machiavellianism …

Men Who Batter: Personality Variables, Relationship Variables, And Treatment Outcome, Lisa M. Petrica

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

This study investigated the relationship between the personality characteristics of male batterers and treatment outcome. It also examined a pattern of communication found in violent couples where the male pursues the female and the female withdraws in an argument. The study also compared alcohol use with treatment outcome.

Twenty-one men who attended a group psychoeducational treatment program for batterers completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2). The men were divided into three groups based on their scores: non-pathological (normal profile), narcissistic/antisocial (elevated psychopathic deviate scale), and severely disordered (elevations on several scales). Pre and post-test measures were completed: Dyadic Adjustment …

A Mnemonic For Intelligence Analysis And Operations, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes and critiques the self-reference effect as a mnemonic facilitating intelligence analysis and operations.

Security Bureaucracies: The Psychology Of Keeping And Divulging Secrets, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes aspects of the psychology of keeping and divulging secrets to inform policies of security bureaucracies' human resource managers.

The Political Essence Of Jungian Psychology: Thoughts On The Death Of Marie-Louise Von Franz, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article posits that a democratic, nonracist politics permeates Jungian psychology.

The Future Interface Of Political And Industrial/Organizational Psychologies: The Case Of Air Traffic Controllers, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article presents a brief overview of future psychological challenges bearing on the improving the performance of air traffic controllers. The most significant challenges appear to be philosophical, political, social, and cultural.

Psychological Profiles And Illegal Political Violence: A Commentary, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article provides guidance as to the nature of psychological profiles that best facilitate predicting, preventing, and attenuating illegal political violence.

Trends. Nuclear Weapons Policy In India: Admitting, Denying, Or Deflecting The Truth, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The author discusses the possibility the India may have nuclear weapons.

Development And Validation Of A Work Safety Compliance Measure, Tara L. Smecko

Dissertations and Theses

It is important that organizations manage the safety behavior of employees by the implementation of a safety program including periodic assessment of the safety level (i.e., how frequently employees are complying with safety guidelines) in the organization. The occupational safety literature lacks sufficient assessment tools for measuring employee safety behavior.

The purpose of the present study was to develop and validate a comprehensive measure of compliance with safety behavior guidelines in the form of a questionnaire that can be utilized across industries and occupations. The research objectives for the present study were to: 1) Perform factor analysis on the safety …

Maslow's Hierarchy Of Needs: The Motivations Of Zapatistas, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes the hypothetical construct of motivation and illustrates a political application of Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

National Security Decision Making: When Does The Personal Matter?, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes elements of personal psychology that may significantly affect national security decision making.

Intelligence Operations And Personality: Are There Guidelines For Assessment?, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article explores whether there are appropriate guidelines for assessing the personality of a potential intelligence agent.

Trends. Globalization: The Ethnopsychological Shortfall In Negotiations On Weapons Nonproliferation, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The author discusses increasing interdependence that comes with globalization.

The Psychology Of Moral Judgment: Further Complexities For Personnel Security Programs, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes psychological research that complicates the personnel security quest to minimize intentional violations of law, regulation, and procedure.

World Views, Political Attitudes And Risk Perception, Lennart Sjöberg

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Dr. Sjöberg questions the Cultural Theory approach to evaluating variance in risk perception. He also presents the results of a survey using elements of that and other scales to help explain individual differences in risk perception.

Donning Masks And Joining The Dance: Religious Ritual And Contemporary Psychoanalysis, Joseph T. Kelley

Religious & Theological Studies Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Cognitive And Psychophysiological Investigation Of Chronic Pain, Amy D. Clegg

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Using Bower’s (1981) associative network model of mood and memory, and Klinger’s theory of current concerns, it was hypothesized that the experience of chronic pain may be functionally similar to a mood state and that the chronicity of the condition may maintain it as a current concern. Specifically, it was hypothesized that chronic pain patients would not show any differences in reaction time and accuracy when making lexical decisions about pain-related, neutral, and nonwords. However, it was anticipated that chronic pain patients would show differences in physiological responding (particularly, increased skin conductance responses) when compared to controls. Results confirmed that …

Culture Mediator Model As A Predictor For Somatic Complaints Among Japanese And Japanese Americans, Yoko Tanaka

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

[Abstract Not Included]

Sigmund Koch (1917-1996), David E. Leary, Frank Kessel, William Bevan

Psychology Faculty Publications

This article memorializes Sigmund Koch. Although dismissive of grand systems, on both principled and empirical grounds, Koch indicated ways in which psychologists can realize the kind of sensibility-based, context-dependent, finely textured insights that can result from authentic probing of human experience. His own inquiries into a perceptual theory of definition, the nature of objective value-properties, and the processes of creative activity in the arts illustrate the sort of qualitative, philosophically informed, and empirically grounded investigations that should be central to what he christened "the psychological studies."

The Political Psychology Of Negotiations: The Terrorism Of Terrorists, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article illustrates some of the psychological advantages possessed by terrorists who engage in negotiations with nonterrorists.

Right, Left, Right On, Or Left Out: New Directions For Political Road Maps?, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article illustrates problems for social constructions of the political right and left.

Bombing Iraq As Therapeutic Intervention: Symptom Substitution As Consequence, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article presents the construct of symptom substitution as a heuristic to delineate the likely, problematic consequences of bombing Iraq.

Research On Machiavellianism: Are Political Psychologists Machiavellian Enough?, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article provides a commentary on the thirty years of psychological research addressing the construct of Machiavellianism. Research failings may have much to do with the psychological characteristics of those who conceptualize, design, implement, and interpret Machiavellian studies.

The Psychology Of The Outsider: The Problem Of Being And Becoming Camus, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes the essence and statistical rarity of the psychological outsider in political engagement.

Fornix Lesions Can Facilitate Acquisition Of The Transverse Patterning Task: A Challenge For "Configural" Theories Of Hippocampal Function., T J Bussey, E Clea Warburton, J P Aggleton, J L Muir

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Configural theories of hippocampal function predict that hippocampal dysfunction should impair acquisition of the transverse patterning task, which involves the concurrent solution of three discrimination problems: A+ versus B-; B+ versus C-; and C+ versus A-. The present study tested this prediction in rats using computer-graphic stimuli presented on a touchscreen. Experiment 1 assessed the effects of fornix lesions when the three problems were introduced sequentially (phase 1: A+ vs B-; phase 2: A+ vs B-, B+ vs C-; phase 3: A+ vs B-, B+ vs C-, C+ vs A-). Fornix lesions significantly facilitated acquisition of the complete transverse patterning …

What To Believe About What To Believe: Implications For Security Bureaucracies, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes psychological findings on the confidence of eyewitnesses for their own testimony and the reactions of jury members to eyewitness testimony. These findings are related to adjudications of alleged security violations.

Trends. The Phallic Presidency, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The author discusses the illicit behavior of many of America's presidents.