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Articles 631 - 660 of 743
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
An Evaluation Of Outcome Differentiation Using Biologically Neutral Stimuli, Wendy Ann Newell
An Evaluation Of Outcome Differentiation Using Biologically Neutral Stimuli, Wendy Ann Newell
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This experiment investigated the specificity of encoding the outcomes of instrumental responding with rats. The first part of the study examined the differential outcome effect (DOE) using a 0.5 second flash of light as the outcome differentiator. Acquisition of a two-choice conditional discrimination was not enhanced if Response 1 (R1) in the presence of Stimulus 1 (S1) produced food plus a light flash, and R2 during S2 produced only food. Next, 2/3 of the animals were then trained to make two new responses (R3 and R4), one earning light plus food and the other earning food only. There was no …
Evidence For Common Coding Of Temporal And Nontemporal Information In Pigeons, Stephen Bridson
Evidence For Common Coding Of Temporal And Nontemporal Information In Pigeons, Stephen Bridson
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Two experiments found evidence that pigeons commonly code temporal and visual samples that are associated with the same comparisons in many-to-one matching. In Experiment 1, pigeons were trained to match temporal (2-sec and 8-sec keylight durations) and color (red and green) samples to line tilt comparisons (vertical and horizontal). Similar rates of forgetting were found for all samples. Furthermore, retention of sample information appeared more similar for samples which shared common comparisons than those that did not. In Experiment 2, pigeons learned new comparison (circle and triangle) associations with either temporal or visual samples from Experiment 1. When tested on …
The Retention Of Children's Mental Health Workers In Northern Ontario, Sydney Jean Parlour
The Retention Of Children's Mental Health Workers In Northern Ontario, Sydney Jean Parlour
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
In this qualitative study, I explore with Northern Ontario children’s mental health administrators and clinicians their concerns about employee retention, given the high costs of turnover in human (providers and consumers) and financial terms. I use an ecological framework, borrowed by community psychology from the biological sciences, whereby retention is considered to be not only a work-related phenomenon but also influenced by a variety of non-work factors. In the belief that employee retention is best understood from a holistic, multi-level perspective, I review literature from a variety of related areas. I consider the characteristics of rural life, practice and practitioners; …
A Mental Health Needs Assessment Of The Industrial Area Of Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, James R.D. Ross
A Mental Health Needs Assessment Of The Industrial Area Of Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, James R.D. Ross
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
A mental health needs assessment of the industrial area of Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia was conducted between September and December, 1989. The study was sponsored by the Cape Breton Mental Health Association. A collaborative approach which emphasized community involvement was utilized to design and implement the study. The study used a convergent analysis of the data to elicit a comprehensive and multidimensional perspective on mental health needs from four sub-sample, including the administrators of mental health services, socio-mental health professionals, consumers of mental health services, and the general public. Data were also obtained from five groups (i.e., youth, those …
Understanding Context And Process: The First Step In Building Communities, Dia Mamatis
Understanding Context And Process: The First Step In Building Communities, Dia Mamatis
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
First, this study documents the context and process of community development by using the Southwood Neighbourhood Association (SWNA) within the Southwest Cambridge community in Cambridge, Ontario as an illustration. The community context is defined and described in terms of its physical and demographic characteristics, its social-relational features, and the psychological sense of community. Five key stages in the process of community development are identified and illustrated in the development of the SWNA. Second, this study documents the process of development of an inter-agency, community-based primary prevention research project proposal. This research is viewed as part of the community development process …
Housing And Social Support For Current And Former Psychiatric Patients: A Process And Outcome Evaluation Of Supportive Community Living, Janice E. Mccarthy
Housing And Social Support For Current And Former Psychiatric Patients: A Process And Outcome Evaluation Of Supportive Community Living, Janice E. Mccarthy
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
In the current era of deinstitutionalization, community-based residential programs for people with chronic psychiatric disabilities have mushroomed in Canada and the United States. While many researchers have documented the beneficial effects of supportive housing programs on resident’s work productivity and length of community tenure, few evaluations have included an examination of resident’s housing environment and the quality of life in the community, particularly from the perspective of the residents themselves. This paper describes such an evaluation. The study’s first objective was to ascertain those housing environment characteristics that are most strongly related to residents’ perceived quality of life. To accomplish …
Training Parents Use Of The Zpd And The Acquisition Of Story-Telling Skills In Children, Susan L. Robins
Training Parents Use Of The Zpd And The Acquisition Of Story-Telling Skills In Children, Susan L. Robins
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Research has demonstrated that tutorial use of Vygotsky‘s Zone of Proximal Development during dyadic problem-solving enhances the subsequent, independent performance of the learner. It has also been demonstrated that use of the ZPD can be increased through tutorial use of the contingent pattern of intervention identified by Wood and Middleton (1978). The present study was designed to develop and evaluate one procedure for training mothers to use the contingent pattern of intervention during a dyadic story re-telling task. It was hypothesized that an increase in maternal use of the contingent pattern would result in increased use of the children's ZPD, …
The Home-School Interface Parental And Teacher Beliefs About Homework From A Multicultural Perspective, Tania Sebastian
The Home-School Interface Parental And Teacher Beliefs About Homework From A Multicultural Perspective, Tania Sebastian
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The present exploratory study investigated the beliefs and practices of parents of various cultural groups, as well as teachers, regarding educational issues. The central focus was upon homework, the day to day link between school and home. A main objective of the research was to determine how individual and subcultural variations in parenting style (Baumrind, 1973) are linked with attitudes and practices towards the school. Interviews were conducted with 36 parents of 7th and 8th graders in three different ethnic groups, drawn from an urban junior high school in Toronto. There were equal numbers of sons and daughters in each …
The Refugee Filtering Process And Host Country Resettlement Issues In Canada: A Critical Theoretical Analysis, R. Gary Edwards
The Refugee Filtering Process And Host Country Resettlement Issues In Canada: A Critical Theoretical Analysis, R. Gary Edwards
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
In the present study, an attempt is made to integrate the diverse literature pertaining to host country resettlement and refugee mental health in Canada. A historical perspective is provided, reviewing the checkered Canadian responses to international refugee movements and the various influences on the humanitarian aims of refugee policy. A model is then developed, drawing on the literature of multiple academic disciplines. The models constitutes a critical generative theory whereby the resettlement issues of assimilationism, racial prejudice, employment difficulties, and domestic political pressures are respectively linked to the filtering processes of ideology, race, economics, and international diplomacy. A test of …
Developing A Sense Of Community: An Assessment Of The Needs And Resources Of A Church Congregation, Heather Hair
Developing A Sense Of Community: An Assessment Of The Needs And Resources Of A Church Congregation, Heather Hair
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The development of a psychological sense of community within various settings has been the focus of recent interest for many community psychologists. One setting, however, tint has received minimal attention is religious organizations. In Canada, churches and synagogues are prominent institutions standing between the individual and the larger structures of society. Consequently, religious organizations can be art important cost-effective resource for prevention and health promotion programs. Through collaborative and consultative work with congregations, the community psychologist can reach important, underserved segments of the population who are reluctant to use traditional mental health services. Using the community development process congregational members …
Assessment Of Visual/Orthographic Awareness In Beginning Readers, Hope Elizabeth Lemoine
Assessment Of Visual/Orthographic Awareness In Beginning Readers, Hope Elizabeth Lemoine
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Various models reading development (Frith, 1985; Gough & Hillenger, 1980; Marsh, Friedman, Welch, & Desberg, 1981) have suggested that word shape is of critical important to early readers when recognizing words they know. As children progress through the early stages of reading, critical features such as first letter then become the important definers of word recognitions among early readers until they are at a much more advanced stage (Frith, 1985). More generally, advanced orthographic awareness among early readers is not considered to play an important role until children are older and have established a more advanced reading vocabulary. The purpose …
Development And Construct Validation Of Lane's (1989) Attitudes Toward The Elderly Scale Extending Fazio's Process Model Of Attitude-Behaviour Correspondence, Donna-Marie Martin
Development And Construct Validation Of Lane's (1989) Attitudes Toward The Elderly Scale Extending Fazio's Process Model Of Attitude-Behaviour Correspondence, Donna-Marie Martin
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The purpose of this study was twofold: to extend Fazio’s (1986) model of attitude-behaviour correspondence within the context of attitudes toward the elderly, and to further develop Lane’s (1989) Attitudes Toward the Elderly Scale (ATES) and assess its construct validity. In the first phase, 452 introductory students completed a modified version of Lane’s (1989) ATES, a measure of experience with the elderly, and Snyder’s (1974) Self-Monitoring Scale. During phase 2, six weeks later, participants evaluated a job candidate to investigate how the moderating variables of self-monitoring, salience, direct experience, and situational cues maximized or minimized attitude-behaviour correspondence. A total of …
Satisfaction With Social And Residential Environments Of Adults With Mental Retardation In Supported Independent Living And Group Homes, Shelley L. Potter
Satisfaction With Social And Residential Environments Of Adults With Mental Retardation In Supported Independent Living And Group Homes, Shelley L. Potter
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The philosophy that has permeated Ontario’s policies and planning in the realm of adults with mental retardation has been that of integration into the community. Community based residences vary greatly in terms of size, type, and care given; however they generally fall in the category of the “least restrictive alternative”. The present study is focused on the similarities and distinctions between two of these alternatives, and in the satisfaction experienced by the consumers in these two programs themselves: community group homes and supported independent living programs. In the present study interviews with 40 adults with mental retardation were conducted. Twenty …
Stress And Social Support The Burden Experienced By The Families Of Autistic Children, Andrea A. Kamin
Stress And Social Support The Burden Experienced By The Families Of Autistic Children, Andrea A. Kamin
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The purpose of the present research was to examine the stress experienced by families of autistic children and the relationship between this stress and the factors of social support. The participants were 23 parents of autistic children drawn from chapters of the Ontario Society for Autistic Citizens (OSAC) in the Waterloo-Wellington, Windsor, Hamilton, London and Toronto areas. Significant correlations were found between scores on the Objective and Subjective burden scales; between Subjective burden and the Network Density Score; and between Objective burden and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Significant correlations were not found between the social network list and …
A Qualitative Evaluation Of A Community Development Process Within A Housing Co-Operative, Gwenith Page-Clemmer
A Qualitative Evaluation Of A Community Development Process Within A Housing Co-Operative, Gwenith Page-Clemmer
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Community development has been credited for numerous achievements since the turn of the century. Its premise and theory have been applied to a multitude of settings and cultures. Although the contexts are forever changing, the fundamental philosophy is still the same, to create in each individual a desire to work together for the overall good of the community. This thesis examines one community development project, its context, and process, and evaluates its effects using a qualitative approach. Russet Homes, a rehabilitative cooperative opened its doors to community development in 1985. Transformed from a typical townhouse project into a cooperative, Russet …
Youth Needs Assessment: Scadding Court Community Centre, Jacqueline M. Bradshaw
Youth Needs Assessment: Scadding Court Community Centre, Jacqueline M. Bradshaw
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This paper looks at the present state of youth, their education, employment status, family life, psychological well-being and their hopes and aspirations. It also discusses the negative labeling and oppression experienced by youth, and methods of reducing them. The research focuses on youth a Scadding Court Community Centre in downtown Toronto. Thirty-four youth at the Centre participated in a needs assessment, utilizing a four part questionnaire, during the months of March and April, 1988. Confidentiality was of the utmost importance due to the personal nature of some of the questions. The questionnaire ascertained how the youth feel about the Centre; …
Religiosity And The Belief In A Just World, James Albert William Lea
Religiosity And The Belief In A Just World, James Albert William Lea
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The present study attempted to account for previous contradictory findings with regard to the relationship between religiosity and the belief that the world is a just place. There were 252 participants who each completed a questionnaire containing the manipulations of a 2 X 2 X 3 factorial experiment and a number of measures used for a correlational analysis. Part 1 found that varying the salience of religion influenced victim derogation (a common index of the belief in a just world) in high and low religious participants differently. Low religious participants only derogated an ill person relative to a healthy person …
A New Approach To The Assessment Of Social Functioning Of People Who Have Been Hospitalized For Psychiatric Treatment, Heather Smith Fowler
A New Approach To The Assessment Of Social Functioning Of People Who Have Been Hospitalized For Psychiatric Treatment, Heather Smith Fowler
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Typical approaches to social functioning assessment--the social adjustment approach in particular--are seen to have a number of conceptual and methodological limitations which develop from a problematic value system. A new approach to the assessment of social functioning is advocated, based on the values of community psychology and giving priority to the individual's subjective experience, social environment, and personal growth, and to a qualitative methodology. As part of the development of this approach, this research sought to describe and interpret what a group of 40 people--previously hospitalized for psychiatric treatment and currently residing in co-operative supportive housing--think and feel about their …
An Outcome Of The Undergraduate Program Of The School Of Human Services, New Hampshire College, Margaret Mary Foy
An Outcome Of The Undergraduate Program Of The School Of Human Services, New Hampshire College, Margaret Mary Foy
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This thesis is an outcome evaluation of the Undergraduate component of the School of Human Services (SHS), New Hampshire College (NHC). The SHS is unique in the alternative college movement of the 1960’s and the early 1970’s in the U.S., both for its focus upon social change and for its ability to survive the conservative restoration of the late 1970’s and the 1980’s, that has forced the closure of most of the alternative colleges. This project involved collaboration with the faculty and staff of the SHS to mutually define all stages of the research process, including development, implementation, evaluation, and …
The Effect Of Priming, Christian Orthodox Beliefs, And Training On Critical Thinking, Cheryl Norry
The Effect Of Priming, Christian Orthodox Beliefs, And Training On Critical Thinking, Cheryl Norry
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This study investigated the extent to which pro and antireligious individuals responded objectively and critically to religious and nonreligious material. Proreligious (n=72) and antireligious (n=72) individuals, as determined by Fullerton and Hunsberger’s (1982) Christian Orthodoxy Scale, were selected from 507 introductory psychology students. They judged the logical soundness of 30 syllogisms (10 proreligious, 10 antireligious, and 10 neutral) following a priming task (critical, religious, or neutral). Prior to the analysis of the syllogisms, half of the subjects were given logic training, while the other half did not receive any instruction in logic. Dependent variables included critical ability (i.e., the number …
Sex Differences In Empathic Processing As Related To Moral Reasoning Patterns In Hypothetical And Real-Life Moral Dilemmas, Sheree Anne Bradford
Sex Differences In Empathic Processing As Related To Moral Reasoning Patterns In Hypothetical And Real-Life Moral Dilemmas, Sheree Anne Bradford
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Some sex and empathy differences have been found in moral reasoning patterns in adults (e.g., Pratt, Golding, and Kerig, in press; Walker and DeVries, 1985). However, until recently the area of moral judgment was severely restricted by an exclusive focus on the measures of a few researchers such as Kohlberg (1969, 1976, 1981, 1984). Gilligan (1977, 1982) has been primarily responsible for the upsurge of interest and resultant diversification of measures in this area of individual differences. The present paper examined in detail how sex differences and level of empathy affect moral reasoning patterns in individuals between 18 and 25 …
Stress And Social Support A Comparison Of Single And Partnered Adolescent Mothers, Lillian J. Burke
Stress And Social Support A Comparison Of Single And Partnered Adolescent Mothers, Lillian J. Burke
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Knowledge of stress and support experienced by adolescent parents may allow for the development of more appropriate or useful interventions. As some adolescent parents are single, and others are in a partnered relationship, it would seem that the examination and comparison of these two groups would yield information that could assist in making inventions more specific to the needs of each group. The current study was designed to examine the stresses being experienced by the adolescent mother and the supports which she perceives as being available to her. Thirty-two adolescent mothers participated in the research: Each had one child between …
The Extent To Which The Geographic Proximity, Quantity And Quality Of Contact Predicts Dimensions Of Social Support Given To Elderly Women By Their Adult Children, Lori Ann Johnson
The Extent To Which The Geographic Proximity, Quantity And Quality Of Contact Predicts Dimensions Of Social Support Given To Elderly Women By Their Adult Children, Lori Ann Johnson
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which the frequency of contact, geographic proximity, and the quality of the relationship between elderly women and their most supportive adult child accounted for the degree of social support obtained by these women, and to evaluate the applicability of the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) (Parker, Tupling, & Brown, 1979) as a measure of the affectional and controlling aspects of the relationship between the two populations. One hundred noninstitutional elderly women from the City of Waterloo were interviewed in their homes and were asked to designate their most supportive adult …
Cultural Enhancement Programs And Attitude Change Toward Minority South Asian Children, Fred Gloade
Cultural Enhancement Programs And Attitude Change Toward Minority South Asian Children, Fred Gloade
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Individual attitudes and beliefs have a deep influence on perceptions of others in the environment. This study was concerned with the attitudes of 10 year old Euro-Canadian children toward their South Asian (East Indian) peers and with the alteration of these attitudes in a more positive direction. A within subjects design was utilized to measure participants pre/post test attitude scores toward the South Asian minority children as a function of experimental exposure to selected cultural material. Specifically, three conditions were manipulated in two contrasting settings: active, passive and control, in either high or low ethnic density schools. The three treatment …
The Creation Of A Multi-Ethnic Housing Cooperative A Social Intervention, Mary Sehl
The Creation Of A Multi-Ethnic Housing Cooperative A Social Intervention, Mary Sehl
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The present study documents the development of the Housing Working Group—a group which investigated strategies to improve the housing situation of new Canadians in Kitchener-Waterloo—and the subsequent formation of the founding board of directors of a multi-ethnic housing cooperative. It emphasizes the importance of new Canadian involvement in the intervention and the need to view their empowerment as a long-term goal, attainable only after a series of small, measurable successes. The research revealed two dilemmas in the practice of community development. First, though the empowerment of powerless people requires their active participation in self-help projects, the interventionist cannot force them …
An Evaluation Of A Program To Aid Generalization Of Social Skills Training With Grade 3 And 4 Children, Patricia M. Caron
An Evaluation Of A Program To Aid Generalization Of Social Skills Training With Grade 3 And 4 Children, Patricia M. Caron
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This research evaluated two interventions for aiding children in the generalization of social problem-solving skills training: (1) social problem-solving training with teacher-student “dialoguing”, peer pairing, and self-monitoring, and (2) social problem-solving training with teacher-student “dialoguing” only. These two experimental interventions were compared with a non-equivalent control group. It was found that both experimental and control groups improved in the performance of social skills. However, there were no significant differences between the two experimental groups and the control groups on measures of social skills performance, behavioral adjustment, self-efficacy and peer acceptance. These results were consistent with previous research in the area …
The Relationship Between Long-Term Psychiatric Clients’ Psychological Well-Being And Their Perceptions Of Housing And Social Support, Mary E. Earls
The Relationship Between Long-Term Psychiatric Clients’ Psychological Well-Being And Their Perceptions Of Housing And Social Support, Mary E. Earls
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The present research examined whether quality of housing and quality/quantity of social support were related to long-term psychiatric clients’ perceptions of psychological well-being. The participants were 89 persons between the ages of 18 to 65, who had been hospitalized for psychiatric problems at least twice and who had been diagnosed as schizophrenic, chronic depressive, or manic-depressive. A structured interview schedule was used which incorporated measures of each of the variables. Results indicated that quality of housing was inversely correlated with Negative Affect, but unrelated to Positive Affect. Support satisfaction was negatively correlated with Negative Affect, and frequency of support was …
The Effects Of Expectancy, Task Importance And Self-Attention On Task Persistence, Jim Jewett
The Effects Of Expectancy, Task Importance And Self-Attention On Task Persistence, Jim Jewett
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This study was designed to examine the relative power of control theory (Carver, 1979) and self-efficacy theory (Bandura, 1977) in predicting behavioral persistence. This study employed a 2 X 2 X 2 X 2 factorial design. One hundred and twelve undergraduate females were exposed to high and low levels of self-attention and task importance as well as positive and negative self-efficacy and outcome expectancies. Following failure on an anagram task subjects’ persistence in solving in insoluble design puzzle was assessed. Contrary to the hypotheses, the results suggested that self-efficacy expectancies, outcome expectancies, task importance and self-attention do not influence persistence …
Process Evaluation As A Research Model In A School Attendance Program, Charlotte A. Gibson
Process Evaluation As A Research Model In A School Attendance Program, Charlotte A. Gibson
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
A preventative one-on-one support program for students identified as “at risk” for school attendance problems utilized university volunteers as support persons, and existing attendance counsellors as supervisors of the program. A process evluation of the program yielded descriptive information on the numerous methods of dealing with attendance in the various Waterloo County Board of Education Schools (e.g. Safe Arrival Program). Results indicated a controversial perception of the Attendance Department and a positive response to the university volunteer program. An unexpected result was that participating area children chose non-school personnel for assistance with problem-solving. There was a positive response to the …
Need Fulfillment In A Christian Setting As A Function Of Life Change Events, Social Support, And Christian Beliefs And Activities, Kathleen Fogarty
Need Fulfillment In A Christian Setting As A Function Of Life Change Events, Social Support, And Christian Beliefs And Activities, Kathleen Fogarty
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This study was designed to examine the fulfillment of specific needs of the volunteers and clients of a particular Christian organization, Operation Blessing, as these needs related to Maslow’s (1954) hierarchical theory of motivation, Alderfer’s (1972) theory of existence, relatedness and growth, and Bradburn’s (1969) affect balance theory. Sixty-five participants, 44 volunteers and 21 clients, completed a questionnaire including the following scales: Life Change Events, Social Support, and Christian activities and beliefs, and Positive Affect, Negative Affect and Purpose in Life. As predicted, the experience of Life Change Events was directly related to Negative Affect and the receipt of Social …