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Articles 631 - 660 of 795
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Responding To Sexual Discrimination: The Effects Of Societal Versus Self-Blame, Mindi D. Foster, Kimberley Matheson, Megan Poole
Responding To Sexual Discrimination: The Effects Of Societal Versus Self-Blame, Mindi D. Foster, Kimberley Matheson, Megan Poole
Psychology Faculty Publications
While self-blame has been considered to be a useful coping tool for victims, its benefits within the context of group discrimination are equivocal. The present research hypothesized that women encouraged to engage in self-blame for sex discrimination would be more likely to endorse accepting their situation or endorse the use of individual, normative actions. In contrast, women encouraged to engage in societal blame for sex discrimination would be more likely to participate in non-normative actions aimed at enhancing the status of the group as a whole. Female students in Canada were subjected to a situation of discrimination and were encouraged …
The College Attributional Complexity Scale: Development, Validation, And Relationship To University Adjustment, Michael David Smith
The College Attributional Complexity Scale: Development, Validation, And Relationship To University Adjustment, Michael David Smith
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This thesis had three purposes: the first was to develop a self-report scale that measures the attributional complexity of university students; the second was to examine the relationship between attributional complexity and university adjustment; and the third was to examine the relationship between attributional complexity and coping styles. In study 1, 217 students completed the newly developed 20-item College Attributional Complexity Scale (CACS), and several self-report measures used to assess its validity. Results showed that the scale had good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Also, a principal components analysis revealed that the scale had one main factor. Results concerning the …
Morphine-Induced Modification Of Quinine Palatability: Effects Of Multiple Morphine-Quinine Trials, Sharon Nicola D.A. Clarke
Morphine-Induced Modification Of Quinine Palatability: Effects Of Multiple Morphine-Quinine Trials, Sharon Nicola D.A. Clarke
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Contemporary research investigating the effects of opiate receptor agonists and antagonists indicates a role for endorphinergic mechanisms in the control of consummatory behaviours. One way in which opiates may exert an effect on feeding is by altering the hedonic properties or palatability of food and drink. Investigations of the role of palatability in the effect of opiates on feeding and drinking have primarily considered the effect of single exposures to opiates. Recognizing that chronic exposure to opiates may result in the development of tolerance to their palatability-altering properties, the taste reactivity test, a direct measure of the hedonic properties of …
The Role Of Adult Romantic Attachment In Marital Communication, Kimberly Jill Ewing
The Role Of Adult Romantic Attachment In Marital Communication, Kimberly Jill Ewing
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Most married couples experience conflict and disagreement in their relationships. However, some couples deal with this conflict more effectively than do others. Although something is known about patterns of marital interaction, little is known about what predisposes couples to engage in harmonious or conflictual interactions. It seems that factors such as personal predispositions should play a role in couple communication. The present study investigated the association between romantic attachment styles and specific aspects of couple communication. Thirty-nine couples experiencing the transition to parenthood participated in a discussion of a real-life conflict of their own choosing; The discussion was videotaped and …
A Stakeholder Approach To Sexual Assault Prevention Programming In The Halton Board Of Education, Judith Ann Gould
A Stakeholder Approach To Sexual Assault Prevention Programming In The Halton Board Of Education, Judith Ann Gould
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
There are few examples of sexual assault education interventions within the high schools. Research about programmes delivered at universities indicates that the programmes do not change the rape-supportive beliefs of participants (Lenihan, Rawlins, Eberly, Buckley, & Masters, 1992). A criticism of these programmes is that students do not participate in their own learning. A curriculum-writing team at the I-Ialton Board or Education developed two lessons on sexual assault as part of the grade nine “Healthy Sexuality" curriculum. The sexual assault lessons were then piloted with three grade nine classes. After delivery, six to eight students from each class participated in …
The Use Of Dance In The Promotion Of Mental Health In Girls: An Exploratory Study, Irene E. Rossberg-Gempton
The Use Of Dance In The Promotion Of Mental Health In Girls: An Exploratory Study, Irene E. Rossberg-Gempton
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This study had two purposes: (1) to understand how girls experience dance and (2) to examine the idea of using dance as a venue to promote psychological well—being and artistic growth in young children. Fifteen girls between the ages of 3 1/2 and 10 years old participated in a dance program offering dance warm ups, dance techniques, sequential dance steps, pantomime explorations, and creative dance. Methods of data collection included journal notes, video—taped observations, parental interviews, and children's self—reports, drawings, and interviews. The formative evaluation of this dance program indicated that the participants of this small rural community had happy …
Framework For Support: Desired Relationships Between Self-Help-Groups And Professionals, Vicente Constantino
Framework For Support: Desired Relationships Between Self-Help-Groups And Professionals, Vicente Constantino
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
In this study I sought to find out how self-help groups and professionals perceive and relate to one another. The stakeholders involved in this study were self-help group members (psychiatric consumers/survivors and families and friends of consumers/survivors) and community-based and hospital-based professionals. The research questions were as follows: 1. What are the experiences and views of consumers/survivors and family self- help group members with regard to community-based and hospital-based professionals? 2. What are the experiences and views of community-based and hospital-based professionals with regard to consumers/survivors and family self-help groups? 3. What kind of relationship with professionals do self-helpers want? …
An Ounce Of Prevention: The Life Stories And Perceptions Of Men Who Sexually Offended Against Children, Christiane Sadeler
An Ounce Of Prevention: The Life Stories And Perceptions Of Men Who Sexually Offended Against Children, Christiane Sadeler
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The purpose of this study is to modify primary prevention models in child sexual abuse by incorporating the perceptions of men who sexually offended against children. In open-ended, conversational style interviews I asked 10 men, who are/were involved in self-help community based treatment groups at Community Justice Initiatives (CJI), Waterloo Region, to convey their understanding of how sexual abuse could have been prevented in their own lives, and can be prevented in our communities. The participants shared their views about prevention based on their experiences, and their interpretations of these experiences. I based the research results on the stories I …
Bridging The Gap: Mobilizing Race And Ethnocultural Equity Policy Within Secondary Schools, Melanie Wilson
Bridging The Gap: Mobilizing Race And Ethnocultural Equity Policy Within Secondary Schools, Melanie Wilson
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The purpose of this study was threefold. (i) to elucidate student perspectives on multicultural anti racist education, (ii) to compare these perspectives with those held by people responsible for implementing such initiatives, namely teachers and school board personnel assigned to race and ethnocultural equity issues and (iii) to generate recommendations for the effective implementation of race and ethnocultural equity policies in schools based on the synthesis of these perspectives. I conducted this study in one secondary school community in order to identify important links between board level race and ethnocultural policy initiatives and potential implementation strategies for secondary schools. A …
Planting The Seeds Of Hope: Research And Action On Body Image Of University Students, Michelle Poechman Fisher
Planting The Seeds Of Hope: Research And Action On Body Image Of University Students, Michelle Poechman Fisher
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
A number of researchers have expressed concern regarding the growing prevalence of body dissatisfaction, especially among North American women. Such body dissatisfaction is often linked to dieting, weight concerns, excessive exercise, poor nutrition, and eating disorders. In order to expand our awareness and understanding of university students’ needs with regards to issues concerning body image, a needs assessment was conducted in two universities located in southwestem Ontario. In focus groups and individual interviews, students were asked directly about the issues they find most troublesome, their experiences in the recovery process, and their needs for supportive and preventive interventions. In order …
Changing Authoritarians' Attitudes: The Role Of Authority Legitimacy, Bruce Allen Parker
Changing Authoritarians' Attitudes: The Role Of Authority Legitimacy, Bruce Allen Parker
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This study investigated the tendency of right-wing authoritarians (RWAs) to yield to established and legitimate authorities. University students enrolled in an Introductory Psychology course read two persuasive passages. One passage concerned whether homosexuals should be allowed to become schoolteachers, while the other discussed whether an aggressive proselytizing religious group should be allowed to recruit students on university campuses. Some of the participants were informed that the passage was written by a highly established and legitimate authority; others were told the passage came from a less established and legitimate authority. In addition, the passages were manipulated so that half supported and …
The Relation Between Empathic Listening Styles And Moral Reasoning Development In Adolescents, Susan Elizabeth Curror
The Relation Between Empathic Listening Styles And Moral Reasoning Development In Adolescents, Susan Elizabeth Curror
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The focus of this study was to investigate developmental changes in thinking about relationships and the listening attitudes of males and females from middle to late adolescence. Gilligan’s (1982) analysis of the distinctions between care and justice moral orientations was presented as a possible explanation for the development of a gender difference in listening behaviour. Thirty-two middle (15-16 year old) and 30 late (18-20 year old) adolescents were interviewed concerning a disagreement they had experienced with a friend. Two additional standard scenarios were also presented to students which involved a conflict between a parent and child. Responses were scored for …
Citizen Participation In The Development Of Religious Communities As Extended Health Care Centres, Theresa Connie Dunn
Citizen Participation In The Development Of Religious Communities As Extended Health Care Centres, Theresa Connie Dunn
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Citizen participation was encouraged through the use of a needs and resource assessment. The assessment accomplished: 1) a process of involving rural citizens in community decision-making and 2) gathering data useful to the planning of a community chaplaincy program. Seventy participants completed a questionnaire through one of three methods: 1) self-administered by mental health service users, 2) a phone survey of residents in remote rural areas, and 3) a nominal group process involving congregational members. I focused the analysis of the data on: 1) the actual and suggested resources the participants reported for the four needs: personal, spiritual, social and …
Transition To Parenthood: The Role Of Self-Complexity, Margo Michelle Gallant
Transition To Parenthood: The Role Of Self-Complexity, Margo Michelle Gallant
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Becoming a parent is a significant event in the adult developmental cycle. Researchers agree that all couples experience at least some form of stress during this transition. The present study investigated the role that self-complexity plays in a couple’s adjustment to becoming first-time parents. Self-complexity, which is defined as the number of roles or activities that an individual uses to describe himself or herself, was previously found to buffer the impact of stressful events among college students (Linville, 1987). Block (1961), however, found that individuals with higher levels of self-complexity were more maladjusted. The main purposes of this study were …
Gender Differences In The Perception Of Rape: The Role Of Ambiguity, Terence Patrick Humphreys
Gender Differences In The Perception Of Rape: The Role Of Ambiguity, Terence Patrick Humphreys
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Past research in the area of rape has focused on rates of acquaintance or date rape (Koss. 1985), the perception of rape victims (Shotland & Goodstein, 1983; Tieger. 1981) and the prevalence of rape myths (Burt, 1980; Gilmartin-Zena, 1988; Larsen & Long, 1988). Findings from Gilmartin-Zena (1988) suggest that most college students recognize obvious rape myths, but are uncertain about "subtle" ones. Other research indicates that males are more likely than females to perceive that forced intercourse was consensual (Abbey, 1982; Malamuth, Haber, & Feshback, 1980). In this vein, the present study tested the hypothesis that there are gender differences …
Does Religion Teach Empathy And Helpfulness? The Role Of Fundamentalism And Target Of Need In The Religion-Helping Relation, Lynne Marie Jackson
Does Religion Teach Empathy And Helpfulness? The Role Of Fundamentalism And Target Of Need In The Religion-Helping Relation, Lynne Marie Jackson
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The empathy-altruism hypothesis predicts that when social expectation for helping is low, empathy will facilitate, and distress will attenuate, helping (Batson, 1991). Based on this prediction, this study explored the relations among religious fundamentalism, emotional reactions of empathy and distress, and helping behaviour, for differing targets of need. One hundred thirty-three introductory psychology students (38 male, 95 female), of varying levels of religious fundamentalism, read a letter ostensibly written by a person hoping to attend university during the coming academic year. The letter indicated that the author had concerns about coping with the demands of university studies. The potential student …
In Search Of A Place To Call Home: A Qualitative Evaluation Of A Transitional Housing Program For Refugee Families, Colleen Marcia Wiltshire
In Search Of A Place To Call Home: A Qualitative Evaluation Of A Transitional Housing Program For Refugee Families, Colleen Marcia Wiltshire
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Refugees are often faced with insurmountable barriers (such as marginalization and underemployment) as they try to become integrated into their adopted countries. Sand Hills Community Development Inc. (SHCD) devised a transitional housing program to circumvent these barriers, by bolstering newcomers through providing housing and support. The program was located within a residential area and a multicultural housing cooperative, and housed refugee claimants and government-sponsored refugees, respectively. The purpose of this evaluation was to assess the degree of success SHCD had in providing a supportive environment for refugee families. Data for the evaluation were based on qualitative interviews which were conducted …
Gender Differences In Perceptions Of Sexual And Nonsexual Cues In Dating, Christine Alksnis
Gender Differences In Perceptions Of Sexual And Nonsexual Cues In Dating, Christine Alksnis
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This study was an initial attempt to understand how people evaluate their dating experiences. The primary objective was to determine whether males and females have different views about the behaviours that constitute positive, negative and typical dating experiences. Undergraduate students (50 males, 70 females) were asked to rate the likelihood of different sexual and nonsexual events in "good", "bad" and "typical" date contexts as well as to provide written descriptions of their own best, worst and typical dates. For good and typical dates, many of the same events were identified as likely to occur by both men and women. However, …
A Developmental Evaluation Of Frequency Information In Lists, Scripts, And Stories, Deborah Ann Connolly
A Developmental Evaluation Of Frequency Information In Lists, Scripts, And Stories, Deborah Ann Connolly
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
In three experiments, the age-invariance hypothesis of frequency memory of Hasher and Zacks was tested. Children and adults listened to atypical actions presented in lists, or embedded in stories that described activities that are scripted, or in stories that described unfamiliar activities. Results from the list-conditions supported the age-invariance hypothesis. Age differences were found in the story conditions; however, they appeared at high, not at low, presented frequencies. The findings are discussed in terms of a developmental change in ability to retrieve the information needed to accurately judge frequency. The results are also discussed in relation to the Script-Pointer—Plus-Tag theory …
Ontario's Mental Health System: The Experience Of Families And Their Perspective On Reform, Eric Laite Macnaughton
Ontario's Mental Health System: The Experience Of Families And Their Perspective On Reform, Eric Laite Macnaughton
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Over 100 family members were interviewed—individually and in focus groups—to gain a picture of their lived experience and their perspective on reform of Ontario's mental health system. The thesis looks at needs of families in two ways. first, by examining the common themes of their experience with the mental health system and with supporting "consumers" in the community; and second, by asking families directly about their satisfaction with existing supports, and about needed additional supports. Focus group participants were asked to make suggestions about innovative models to meet unmet need, and about how families could participate more fully in the …
The Cultivation Of Neighbourhood Centres: A Life Cycle Model, Barbara Anne Derksen
The Cultivation Of Neighbourhood Centres: A Life Cycle Model, Barbara Anne Derksen
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This study focused on the lifecycle of four neighbourhood organizations located in Cambridge, Ontario. The key question in the study was: “How do the various stakeholders in the neighbourhood organizations experience the life cycle of these organizations”? Participants and staff described their experiences and their relationships with each other, staff, the sponsoring agency, the neighbourhood and the social service agencies that interact with neighbourhood organizations. Their responses helped to build a model of community development grounded in their own experiences that will be helpful in education, planning and evaluation. To answer both the key research question and related questions, an …
Hearing The Voices Of The Silent: Alternative To The Problem Of Blaming Mothers For The Occurrence Of Incest, Josephine Sui-Fun Fong
Hearing The Voices Of The Silent: Alternative To The Problem Of Blaming Mothers For The Occurrence Of Incest, Josephine Sui-Fun Fong
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The problem of intra-familial child sexual abuse has been studied over the past few decades, but the problem of blaming mothers for the occurrence of incest has not been adequately recognized. This study is a documentation of the experiences of mothers of incest survivors. Six women whose daughters were sexually abused by their fathers or step fathers were interviewed for approximately 60 to 120 minutes. Results demonstrated that in their process of dealing with the problem of child sexual abuse, mothers experienced a great deal of pain and hardship. While they were indeed also victims of the incestuous relationship, they …
An Outcome And Process Evaluation Of The Pamscad Supplementary Food Program At Ayeredee In The Brong Ahafo Region Of Ghana, West Africa, Kofi Bobi Barimah
An Outcome And Process Evaluation Of The Pamscad Supplementary Food Program At Ayeredee In The Brong Ahafo Region Of Ghana, West Africa, Kofi Bobi Barimah
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This research was an evaluation of the impact of a nutrition program on women at Ayeredee in the Nkoranza district of the Brong—Ahafo region of Ghana, west Africa. As a part of Ghana's emphasis on primary health care, the program is aimed at improving children's nutritional status and preventing malnutrition, disease and death. Specifically, the Program of Action to Mitigate the Social Cost or Adjustment (PAMSCAD) supplementary food program was examined to determine whether the goals of the program are being met. An empowerment agenda which focused on both process and outcome was used as the conceptual framework for the …
Visible Minorities With Physical Challenges: A Study Of Their Experiences In Integrating Into Canadian Society, Thersiah L. Lubis
Visible Minorities With Physical Challenges: A Study Of Their Experiences In Integrating Into Canadian Society, Thersiah L. Lubis
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This thesis is the result of a qualitative research study exploring the experience of visible minority persons with physical challenges in trying to integrate into Canadian society, in the Kitchener-Waterloo area and Toronto. To capture the larger picture regarding the particular conditions of the challenged visible minority persons in this community, l also examined the experiences of those providing services to them. Another objective of this research was for me to learn to incorporate the values of community psychology into a research process. Using two partia|ly-structured interview guides, one set for the physically- challenged visible minorities and the other for …
A Comparison Of Metamemory Judgements And Forgetting Rates For Item And Associative Recognition For Normal And Closed-Head Injured Populations, Kathy Bharrath Singh
A Comparison Of Metamemory Judgements And Forgetting Rates For Item And Associative Recognition For Normal And Closed-Head Injured Populations, Kathy Bharrath Singh
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Metamemory, in particular memory monitoring during a memory task, was investigated in a closed—head injured (CHI) population and a normal (control) population. Prediction ratings were used to determine memory monitoring at time of encoding, and postdiction ratings were used to determine memory monitoring at time of retrieval. Item and associative information for concrete and abstract words were tested using a forced—choice recognition test procedure. Forgetting rates for these two types of information (item and associative) were examined by analyzing immediate and final recognition memory performance. Results indicated that the CHI group had a lower overall level of recognition performance, however …
Living On The Edge: Families' Experience Of Developmental Disability And Mental Illness Across The Life Cycle, Don R. Roth
Living On The Edge: Families' Experience Of Developmental Disability And Mental Illness Across The Life Cycle, Don R. Roth
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This qualitative research document provides an in-depth description of families’ experience of both developmental disability and mental illness (i.e., "dual diagnosis") across the life cycle. This thesis is devoted to listening to family members as they tell their story beginning with the early years of family life, then through childhood and adolescence, and into young adulthood with their family member. This research describes the process of how families developed a framework to interpret and make sense of the world around them. Then, the research integrates these families’ experience over the life cycle with models of family stress and coping in …
An Investigation Of Complexity Of Reasoning And Transactive Dialogue Behaviour In Parents' And Adolescents' Socio-Political Discussions, Silvana Santolupo
An Investigation Of Complexity Of Reasoning And Transactive Dialogue Behaviour In Parents' And Adolescents' Socio-Political Discussions, Silvana Santolupo
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
There has been no observational investigation of parental socialization of adolescent political thinking reported in the developmental literature to date. Following Berkowitz and Gibbs‘ (1983) work on moral development and dialogue, the techniques of integrative complexity of reasoning and transactive dialogue analysis were applied to mother-adolescent political discussions. Adolescent’s age and gender, family parenting styles, and family communication patterns were expected to affect the quality or nature of these discussions. In turn, variations in the discussions were anticipated to influence adolescents’ subsequent integrative complexity of reasoning (IC) scores on a post-test. An equal number of male and female younger adolescents …
Base Rates, Individuating Information, Expertise, And Transfer Of Knowledge In Judgment Under Uncertainty, Owen Helmkay
Base Rates, Individuating Information, Expertise, And Transfer Of Knowledge In Judgment Under Uncertainty, Owen Helmkay
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Numerous studies suggest that in judging an individual’s category membership, people largely ignore the population frequency membership in the category (base rate information) in favour of the individuating information about that particular individual (more commonly referred to as the “Base Rate Fallcy”: Bar-Hillel, 1980). One particularly interesting strategy that has been shown to increase the use of base rate information is what Ginossar and Trope (1987) refer to as the Prior Activation Assumption. The purpose of this thesis was to extend the boundaries of Ginossar and Trope’s (1987) findings by enhancing participants’ use of base rate information through the manipulation …
The Impact Of Hierarchical Relationship Quality On The Content And Timing Of Evaluative Feedback: An Affectively-Driven Process Model, Peter Lawrence Egan
The Impact Of Hierarchical Relationship Quality On The Content And Timing Of Evaluative Feedback: An Affectively-Driven Process Model, Peter Lawrence Egan
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
A review of the literature revealed that interpersonal affect has been relatively neglected as a potential moderator of the performance feedback process. In an attempt to ameliorate this oversight, a model was proposed which views supervisors’ feedback behavior as being the product of a set of social cognitive operations, all of which may be regarded as having their basis in affective responses. A laboratory study was undertaken to assess the validity of the proposed linkages in the model. While all of the connections did not receive empirical support, affect. was found to influence certain aspects of supervisors’ feedback and evaluative …
Is Conservatism An Artifact Caused By Dissimilarities Between The Laboratory And The Real World?, Stuart B. Kamenetsky
Is Conservatism An Artifact Caused By Dissimilarities Between The Laboratory And The Real World?, Stuart B. Kamenetsky
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Human revision of opinion has often been described as a list of heuristics and cognitive biases. The following study examined the possibility that one of these biases, conservatism, is a result of dissimilarities between the laboratory and the real world. In two experiments, participants ranked problems on a psychological scale of realism, solved several realistic and artificial problems and completed a questionnaire to assess their probability knowledge base. Results showed that participants classified problems into different groups according to their level of realism. Whereas their responses to the artificial problems were conservative, their responses to the realistic problems were very …