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Wilfrid Laurier University

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Articles 511 - 540 of 795

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Motivated Prediction Of Future Feelings: The Effects Of Mood And Mood Focus On Affective Forecasts, Vassili Spyropoulos Jan 2003

Motivated Prediction Of Future Feelings: The Effects Of Mood And Mood Focus On Affective Forecasts, Vassili Spyropoulos

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

People often predict they will experience more positive or more negative emotional reactions to upcoming pleasant and unpleasant events respectively, than they actually do. Although researchers have identified several cognitive processes underlying this bias in affective forecasting, the present research examined the role of motivational factors. We proposed that people sometimes generate relatively positive affective forecasts to fixture positive events (or less negative affective forecasts to future negative events) as a mood regulation strategy. That is, they may attempt to cope with threatening negative feelings by anticipating pleasant emotions in the future. More specific hypotheses were derived from recent research …

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'It's Not What We Do But How We Do It': Process Evaluation Of A National Youth Engagement Conference, Lisa D. Loiselle Jan 2003

'It's Not What We Do But How We Do It': Process Evaluation Of A National Youth Engagement Conference, Lisa D. Loiselle

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Anecdotal evidence suggests that conference such as Creating Change 2001, an annual youth conference sponsored by the Students Commission, are successful in engaging youth; however, until the Creating Change 2011 Kemptville conference on-site process evaluation, neither the program process nor its outcomes had ever been formally evaluated. This process evaluation was designed to examine the particular aspects of the conference that made it successful with the assumption that despite the changing topics of the annual event, there are critical processes of engaging youth, which are consistent throughout the conferences each year. It is these processes, and not the specific topics …

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Driving Without A Map: Father-Son Sexual Health Communication, Alison Elizabeth Pearson Jan 2003

Driving Without A Map: Father-Son Sexual Health Communication, Alison Elizabeth Pearson

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Family sexual health communication is an important area to examine due to the high-risk sexual behaviours that some youth engage in and the influential role that parents can play in teaching and shaping sexual health values. Yet few research studies on family sexual health communication include sons as participants and even fewer include fathers. In this study I attempted to contribute to the literature by examining the perspective of fathers in terms of sexual health communication with their pre-adolescent sons. Eight fathers from Southwestern Ontario with sons between the ages of eight and twelve took part in a qualitative study …

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Effect Of Conditioned Taste Avoidance Learning On Elevated Plus Maze Performance As A Measure Of Potentiated Fear, Shadna Rama Jan 2003

Effect Of Conditioned Taste Avoidance Learning On Elevated Plus Maze Performance As A Measure Of Potentiated Fear, Shadna Rama

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The terms conditioned taste aversion and conditioned taste avoidance are often used interchangeably in the literature; however considerable evidence indicates that they may represent independent processes. Recent studies have demonstrated that conditioned taste aversion is mediated by conditioned sickness; however the mechanism(s) responsible for the establishment and expression of conditioned taste avoidance remains unknown. An early theory suggests that a taste that has been previously paired with a drug produces avoidance of that taste because it elicits some novel change in physiological state which signals danger to the rat. The emotional state produced may be one of conditioned fear. The …

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Wheel Running As A Function Of Varying Effort Requirements In Rats, Doreen B. Weise Jan 2003

Wheel Running As A Function Of Varying Effort Requirements In Rats, Doreen B. Weise

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

These experiments explore a wheel running work-response function with the goal of paralleling the drug magnitude-response (dose-response) function, as a way of measuring the value of running for rats. Friction levels were manipulated by varying the amount of weight applied to running wheels. Experiment 1 examined how male running patterns changed in response to weights applied on alternate days and calculated the work-response scores for each weight. Experiment 2 explored how male running changed when weights were applied for only a portion of the night, on an alternate night schedule. Experiments 3 and 4 replicated the procedures used in Experiments …

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The Planning Fallacy And Group Predictions: Are Groups More Or Less Biased Than Individuals?, Deanna L. Messervey Jan 2002

The Planning Fallacy And Group Predictions: Are Groups More Or Less Biased Than Individuals?, Deanna L. Messervey

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Research on the “planning fallacy" shows that people tend to make overly optimistic predictions about the time it will take to complete a task,despite knowing that similar tasks in the past have exceeded predicted completion times. Although the planning fallacy has been well documented in individuals, few researchers have examined how groups make predictions interactively. The main purposes of this thesis are to examine whether people make overly optimistic predictions for group projects and whether group discussion exacerbates this optimistic bias. In three studies, participants were asked to make predictions for an upcoming collaborative task alter engaging in group discussion …

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From Consumerism And Stereotypes To Pasta Sauce: A Study Of The Barriers Facing Stay-At-Home Fathers, Nastinia (Nina) Bailey-Dick Jan 2002

From Consumerism And Stereotypes To Pasta Sauce: A Study Of The Barriers Facing Stay-At-Home Fathers, Nastinia (Nina) Bailey-Dick

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

In the following thesis I describe and analyze the experiences of stay-at-home fathers by focussing on understanding, analyzing, and changing the barriers that discourage fathers from choosing the role of primary caregiver of their children. In this study, 19 stay-at-home fathers in Ontario (defined as fathers who are or have been the primary caregivers of their children for over 30 hours a week for at least a year) shared their experiences and perspectives regarding their roles as full-time parents through a written survey. Three of these fathers also shared their experiences through qualitative interviews. I found that full-time fathers face …

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Voices From Immigrant Youth: Perceptions Of Their Involvement With The Canadian Justice System. A Qualitative Study, Elba C. Martell Jan 2002

Voices From Immigrant Youth: Perceptions Of Their Involvement With The Canadian Justice System. A Qualitative Study, Elba C. Martell

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The development of the thesis project “Voices from Immigrant Youth: Perceptions of their Involvement with the Canadian Justice System. A Qualitative Study” satisfies two purposes. First, it fulfills an academic requirement that I have to meet in order to obtain the Masters of Arts in Community Psychology, and, second, it explores an issue that was identifies as a social concern by members of the Latin American community in Kitchener-Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. The study explores the issues faced by Latin American immigrant youth in their process of adapting to Canadian society, and highlights their experiences and perceptions regarding their involvement with …

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Employment Experiences Of People With Developmental Challenges: A Participatory Approach, Roslyn J. Shields Jan 2002

Employment Experiences Of People With Developmental Challenges: A Participatory Approach, Roslyn J. Shields

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

No abstract provided.

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The Struggle For Community-Based Health Care: A Case Study Of The Rainbow Valley Community Health Centre (Ontario), Suzanne Galloway Jan 2002

The Struggle For Community-Based Health Care: A Case Study Of The Rainbow Valley Community Health Centre (Ontario), Suzanne Galloway

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Rural communities are particularly disadvantaged in terms of access and control of their health care. Community based health care settings have the potential to provide the collaborative and integrated wellness care espoused in government declarations and reports. In this ethnographic case study, I relate the real life struggle of a citizens’ group trying to establish the Rainbow Valley Community Health Centre (RVCHC), in the small rural town of Killaloe in Northeastem Ontario. My objectives in this research were threefold: to contribute to the setting and document its development process; to reflect on my role in this process; and to inform …

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'Skippers Of The Shore Crew': Women And A Fish Plant Closure (Labrador), Sheila M. Keefe Jan 2002

'Skippers Of The Shore Crew': Women And A Fish Plant Closure (Labrador), Sheila M. Keefe

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The closure of the east coast cod fishery in 1992 resulted in the largest industry lay-off in the country, stripping 35,000 Newfoundlanders and Labradorians of their source of livelihood--l2,000 of whom were women, employed predominately in the processing sector. While the impacts upon Newfoundland women have been the subject of considerable research (e.g., CMHA, 1994), little to no information has been gathered about Labrador women displaced by the closure of fishery. This is a serious gap in the literature--one which the present study attempts to address. The present study examined how senior women fish plant workers in the Labrador Métis …

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Community Partnerships: A Case Study Of The Hamilton-Wentworth Supported Housing Coordination Network (Ontario), Jonathan S. Lomotey Jan 2002

Community Partnerships: A Case Study Of The Hamilton-Wentworth Supported Housing Coordination Network (Ontario), Jonathan S. Lomotey

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Community partnerships are growing in importance as means of improving social service delivery (Boudreau, 1991; MacGillivary & Nelson, 1998; McCann & Gray, 1986; Nelson, Prilletensky & MacGillivary, 2001; Wolff, 2001). Several research studies have identified them as effective means of intervention and for strengthening society (Nelson et al., 2001; Wandersman et al., 1996; Wolff, 2001). In this case study of the Hamilton-Wentworth Supported Housing Coordination Network, information was gathered from the participants in the partnership, documents and participant observation to reconstruct and analyze the partnership story. Current mental health housing policy in Ontario was also analyzed to determine its nature …

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Follow-Up Evaluation Of A Transition To University Intervention Program For First-Year Students, Evelina Julia Rog Jan 2002

Follow-Up Evaluation Of A Transition To University Intervention Program For First-Year Students, Evelina Julia Rog

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Although the transition to university can be a time of great opportunity and personal growth, many students find this period to be very challenging and stressful. Universities across North America report that up to 40% of entering students fail to complete their degree. Many universities attempt to enhance their rates of retention through programs that familiarize students with campus and academic life. Most of these programs, however, are brief and few studies report rigorous evaluations, particularly in the longer term. This thesis evaluates a social support-based, long-term intervention program that attempted to ease first-year students’ adjustment to university. 110 incoming …

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The Internet And Youth Engagement: An Exploration Of How Youth Spend Their Time Online And Its Relation To Civic Involvement, Trevor P.D. Taylor Jan 2002

The Internet And Youth Engagement: An Exploration Of How Youth Spend Their Time Online And Its Relation To Civic Involvement, Trevor P.D. Taylor

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

A study was conducted to investigate the relationship between Internet use and civic involvement in youth. Participants consisted of 378 youth between the ages of 16 and 25 from across Canada. Participants completed an online questionnaire consisting of a measure called the Youth Inventory of Involvement, designed to assess civic involvement in youth. Brief measures of introversion/extraversion and depression were also completed. Participants then completed questions designed to assess the amount of time they spend online in an average week, as well as for what they use the Internet. Results indicate that there may be a non-linear relationship between amount …

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The Genesis Of Generativity: Looking For Signs Of The Seventh Stage In Adolescence, Heather Leigh Lawford Jan 2002

The Genesis Of Generativity: Looking For Signs Of The Seventh Stage In Adolescence, Heather Leigh Lawford

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The purpose of the present study was to investigate Erikson’s construct of generativity, defined as care and concern for the next generation and usually viewed as important for midlife adults, in a late adolescent sample using a developmental perspective. Generativity was studied using the seven component model developed by McAdams and de St. Aubain (1992). The current study examined the presence of four components of the generativity model at age 22: generative concern (concern for future generations), generative commitment (commitment to leave a lasting contribution to future generations), generative acts (actions or behaviours that benefit future generations), and generative narration …

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Investigating Interactions Between Search Mechanisms In The Control Of Visual Attention, Brian J. White Jan 2002

Investigating Interactions Between Search Mechanisms In The Control Of Visual Attention, Brian J. White

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Olds, Cowan and Jolicoeur (2000) showed that although the mechanisms underlying visual search have traditionally been assumed to be independent. in fact they interact. Using coloured disk stimuli, they interrupted pop-out search (target plus Dl distractors) by adding more distractors (D2s) of a different colour to the display before pop-out processes were able to find the target. In short, partially completed pop-out processes facilitated subsequent difficult search processes (“search assistance"). The present study investigated hypotheses for this interaction. In Experiments 1 and 2, we used methods aimed at determining where the bulk of attentional resources are allocated during search of …

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Lifestyle, Medical, And Socio-Structural Content In The Portrayal Of Heart Disease In The Print Media, Christina Jane Fuller Jan 2002

Lifestyle, Medical, And Socio-Structural Content In The Portrayal Of Heart Disease In The Print Media, Christina Jane Fuller

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

In this thesis, l examined how cardiovascular disease (CVD) is portrayed in magazines. Analyses of health in the mass media provide insight into the messages that society receives on areas such as disease, wellness, medicine, illness prevention, and health-promoting and health-damaging lifestyles. In this thesis, l reviewed literature on health promotion, population health, and mass media. Through content analysis I examined quantitative and qualitative differences in the portrayal of CVD in terms of lifestyle, medical, and socio-structural content. I compared articles from magazines that are associated with different socio-economic statuses (SE8), ages, and genders (n = 104). The findings illustrate …

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The Motivational Quality Of Global Attributions In Hypothetical And Experienced Situations Of Gender Discrimination, Mindi D. Foster Jan 2001

The Motivational Quality Of Global Attributions In Hypothetical And Experienced Situations Of Gender Discrimination, Mindi D. Foster

Psychology Faculty Publications

Traditionally, global attributions have been thought to reduce instrumental behavior aimed at resolving negative events. However, the present research shows global attributions for gender discrimination are related to taking action against unfair treatment. In Study 1, women ( N = 157) completed a questionnaire assessing attributions for hypothetical scenarios of discrimination and collective responses to discrimination. In Study 2, women ( N = 79) were placed into a laboratory situation of discrimination and asked to indicate their attributions for and responses to their unfair treatment. In both studies, hierarchical regression analyses showed that global attributions were related to both individual …

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A Model Of Volunteer Progression: Supporting And Sustaining Volunteerism In A Primary Prevention Project, Nicole L. Kenton Jan 2001

A Model Of Volunteer Progression: Supporting And Sustaining Volunteerism In A Primary Prevention Project, Nicole L. Kenton

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This study examined the developmental progression of volunteers involved in a community development project and the role of factors on various ecological levels (individual, familial, project and community) that impede and support this progression. In-depth interviews were completed using a narrative approach with a total of 11 individuals who were volunteers (n=5), staff members (n=4) and individuals who were once volunteers who later became frontline staff members (n=2) at the Highfield Community Enrichment Project. This project is one of the several Better Beginnings, Better Future program sites implemented in Ontario. Volunteer participants were asked to tell a story about their …

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The Effects Of Misleading Information And Group Discussion On Eyewitness Testimony, Matthew A. Cook Jan 2001

The Effects Of Misleading Information And Group Discussion On Eyewitness Testimony, Matthew A. Cook

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The purpose of the present studies was to assess the separate and interactive effects of misinformation and group discussion on eyewitness testimony. In Experiments 1and 2, participants viewed a short video of a simulated robbery and shooting, and were then presented with either neutral or misleading information that was embedded in forced-choice questionnaires in a recognition test. Participants were subsequently randomly assigned to a group-recognition or individual-recognition condition. Groups were instructed to answer questions about details of the video (in Experiment 1 they were instructed to try to reach consensus), while individuals completed the recognition task on their own. Finally, …

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The Effect Of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Thc) On Lithium-Induced Sickness Reactions In Both Rats (Rattus Norvegicus) And The House Musk Shrew (Suncus Murinus), Stephen W.P. Kemp Jan 2001

The Effect Of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Thc) On Lithium-Induced Sickness Reactions In Both Rats (Rattus Norvegicus) And The House Musk Shrew (Suncus Murinus), Stephen W.P. Kemp

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The following experiments examined the ability of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) to attenuate lithium induced sickness in both the nonemetic rat (Rattus norvegicus) and the emetic house musk shrew (Suncus murinus). The ability of THC to attenuate the expression of previously established lithium induced conditioned sickness behavior in Suncus was also examined. Although unconditioned sickness behavior was displayed by both rats and shrews, THC did not attenuate this behavior in either species. However, THC did attenuate conditioned retching in the Suncus murinus. These results are the first to show the attenuation of conditioned sickness in Suncus by THC. They also experimentally verify …

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Timing Differences: The Modality Effect And Filled Interval Illusion With Rats And Pigeons, Andrew Miki Jan 2001

Timing Differences: The Modality Effect And Filled Interval Illusion With Rats And Pigeons, Andrew Miki

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The theoretical implications of the Scalar Timing Theory (STT) and the Mixed Memory Model were used as a paradigm to investigate the effects of stimulus properties on the psychological representation of time. Experiment 1 failed to demonstrate a Modality Effect in two sets of psychophysical tests using filled and empty intervals. Experiment 2 provided no evidence for a Filled Interval Illusion but the results from the acquisition phase and psychophysical tests indicated that, on some trials, rats forgot the presentation of the first marker of an empty interval. In Experiment 3, an Empty Interval Illusion was reliably demonstrated in three …

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The Relationship Between Student Involvement And Adjustment To The Transition To University, Amber Michelle Filiatrault Jan 2001

The Relationship Between Student Involvement And Adjustment To The Transition To University, Amber Michelle Filiatrault

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The study reported in this paper examined the relationship between involvement in extracurricular academic and community activities and students’ adjustment to the transition to university. The study also sought to identify the underlying motivational factors that influence students’ decisions to get involved in these kinds of activities. Participants were 90 first-year undergraduate university students (59 females, 31 males) with a mean age of 19.4 years (SD=.98), participating in mass testing sessions conducted at WLU with introductory psychology classes. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire containing measures designed to assess various aspects of involvement and adjustment. These included a background …

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Conscious, Deliberate, And Purposeful Living: Lessons From The Adult Daughters Of Psychiatrized Women, Jody Lee Brown Jan 2001

Conscious, Deliberate, And Purposeful Living: Lessons From The Adult Daughters Of Psychiatrized Women, Jody Lee Brown

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The following document details the intellectual and emotional journey I embarked on when I chose to cross the subject-object divide by exploring a phenomenon with which I had direct lived experience. Incorporating feminist multiple interviewing techniques, participatory action learning. and critical autobiography. I sought to examine what it means to be the adult daughter of a woman who has been labelled and treated by the psychiatric profession (i.e., who has been psychiatrized). I begin with an exploration of the “phenomenon” as it is presented in the literature. To orient the reader I offer a description of what I believe are …

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Errors In Pigeons' Memory For Number: Effects Of Iti And Di Illumination, Christopher W. Hope Jan 2001

Errors In Pigeons' Memory For Number: Effects Of Iti And Di Illumination, Christopher W. Hope

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

In Experiment 1 all pigeons were trained to discriminate 2 flashes of hopper light in 4 sec from 8 flashes in 4 sec, at a 0 sec delay. One group of pigeons experienced dark lTl’s (Group Dark) while the other experienced an illuminated lTl (Group Light). All birds were then tested with dark delays of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 sec. Analysis showed a significant bias to respond to the comparison correct for small at extended delays, with no difference between groups. In Experiment 2 training was identical to that in Experiment l except that a 5 sec baseline …

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A Qualitative Study Of Presently And Formerly Homeless Female Adolescents (Ontario), Allison J. Rice Roberts Jan 2001

A Qualitative Study Of Presently And Formerly Homeless Female Adolescents (Ontario), Allison J. Rice Roberts

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Very little research has been carried out with young homeless females in Canada. Therefore, the following study investigated homeless in the Kitchener-Waterloo Region, in two age groups of female adolescents from two different types of settings, a youth drop in centre and a female youth shelter. One sample of 8 female youth was between the ages of 14-19 and was presently homeless. The other sample was an older group of 5 individuals between the ages of 19-27, who had experienced homelessness in their earlier adolescent years. A semi-structured, open-ended interview was carried out with these 13 females. The interview was …

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Temporal Response Of The Human Visual System To Suprathreshold Luminance And Opponent Colour Contrast Gratings, Melanie Bucking Jan 2001

Temporal Response Of The Human Visual System To Suprathreshold Luminance And Opponent Colour Contrast Gratings, Melanie Bucking

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The goal of the present study was to characterize the temporal processing of both suprathreshold luminance and opponent-colour defined contrast in the human visual system. We used a detection task in five experiments; following a 900 Hz, 2-cycle tone, observers were presented with a sinusoidal grating stimulus. The interval separating the waming tone and the presentation of the grating was manipulated to determine the influences of attentional dwell time in a cross-modal task. This theory states that the first of two successive events will interfere with the processing of the second event. In all four luminance experiments the gratings were …

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Exploring The Inequalities Between Men And Women In Relation To Marriage: A Feminist Analysis Of Women In Social Work's Experiences Of Marriage, Natalie Mccormac Jan 2001

Exploring The Inequalities Between Men And Women In Relation To Marriage: A Feminist Analysis Of Women In Social Work's Experiences Of Marriage, Natalie Mccormac

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

In this thesis I explore the inequalities between men and women in relation to marriage and the impact ofexternal pressures on women and their choices within their marriages. I interviewed five married women and one woman in a common-law relationship about the story of their marriage. I used narrative analysis to interpret the verbatim transcriptions of each interview. In the findings I present portions of each woman’s story in her words along with my own interpretative comments. The findings indicated that women are experiencing indirect pressure from extemal sources within regard to their individual choices and their choices within their …

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Acculturation Of Missionaries: Religious Orientation, Coping And Adjustment, Geoffrey S. Navara Jan 2001

Acculturation Of Missionaries: Religious Orientation, Coping And Adjustment, Geoffrey S. Navara

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The focus of the present study was the acculturation process of missionaries residing in foreign countries. Combining two theoretical frameworks (religious orientations and sojourner acculturation), the study explored the relationship between the stress/adjustment model of acculturation and religious orientations. Seventy-six missionaries, posted overseas for at least one year, completed several measures, including measures of religious orientation, perceived stress, religious coping, adjustment and anxiety. It was found that quest and immanent religious orientations were negatively correlated with perceived stress while positively correlated with posting satisfaction. Intrinsic religious orientation was found to be negatively correlated with both measures of anxiety and depression. …

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'Love The Sinner, Hate The Sin': Reality Or Fiction?, Scott G. Veenvliet Jan 2001

'Love The Sinner, Hate The Sin': Reality Or Fiction?, Scott G. Veenvliet

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Do religious individuals “love the sinner, but hate the sin?” More specifically, is relatively higher intrinsic religious orientation linked to tolerant attitudes toward gays and lesbians, yet condemnation of homosexual behaviour? There have been conflicting conclusions within the relevant literature in answering this question (Batson, Floyd, Meyer, & Winner, 1999; Fisher, Derison, Polley III, Cadman, & Johnston, 1994; Fulton, Gorsuch, & Maynard, 1999). 169 undergraduate students completed several scales measuring religious orientation, church teaching of “love the sinner, hate the sin," and scales measuring attitude toward both homosexual people and homosexual behaviour. Intrinsic religion was associated with relatively less tolerance …

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