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Articles 661 - 690 of 1153

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Do Dilemmas On A Moral Judgment Task Elicit Feeling States Known To Affect Information Processing?, Brian Barger Aug 2005

Do Dilemmas On A Moral Judgment Task Elicit Feeling States Known To Affect Information Processing?, Brian Barger

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The role of emotion in the process of moral decision making has become of interest in recent years (Haidt, 2001). At the same time, emotion researchers are beginning to understand that different basic emotion states (i.e., joy, anger) lead to different information processing styles (Aspinwall, 1998; Nabi, 2003). Skoe, Eisenberg, and Cumberland (2002) found evidence that the feeling states of anger and sympathy are present in moral judgment tasks. Unfortunately, aside from anger, Skoe et al. (2002) primarily focused on emotion terms that have not been experimentally linked to changes in information processing. This study extended the findings of Skoe …

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Predicting Age Related Changes In Mobility And Driving Habits, Melissa Mathews Aug 2005

Predicting Age Related Changes In Mobility And Driving Habits, Melissa Mathews

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Older adults encounter many changes as they age, both cognitively and physically. These changes tend to impact one's mobility in terms of driving ability and exposure. It has been well documented that this population is increasing in number (Lyman, Ferguson, Braver, & Williams, 2002) and that they pose a higher crash risk than a younger population (Braver & Trempel, 2004; Dellinger, Kresnow, White, & Seghal, 2004; Tavris, Kuhn, & Layde, 2001). These cognitive and physical changes combined with increased crash risk lead a number of drivers to reduce the amount that they dri\ c or cease dri\ ing altogether, thereby …

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Perceptions Of Connective Leadership And Work Outcomes: The Role Of Gender And Group Identification, Melisa Appleby May 2005

Perceptions Of Connective Leadership And Work Outcomes: The Role Of Gender And Group Identification, Melisa Appleby

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

This study examines connective leadership, a theory of leadership largely ignored in research, in relation to work outcomes and other leadership styles. The purpose of this study was to increase the understanding of how connective leadership affects work outcomes. Two hundred forty-four undergraduate and graduate students (32% male and 68% female) from nursing, business, and psychology classes participated in the study. Participants completed measures of leadership perceptions, group identification, and work outcomes. Correlations, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and regression analyses were conducted to test the hypotheses. The results indicated that women were more often perceived to be connective leaders than …

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Relations Between Job Analysis Questionnaire Responses And Incumbent Characteristics, Ronnie Meredith May 2005

Relations Between Job Analysis Questionnaire Responses And Incumbent Characteristics, Ronnie Meredith

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

A properly conducted job analysis can aid in the development of selection tests, performance appraisals, job evaluations, compensation systems, and training programs. Federal court decisions, employment law, and professional practice emphasize the importance of collecting job analysis information from a representative sample of incumbents. Unfortunately, research has been scarce and inconclusive in determining whether rater race and tenure is associated with job analysis task ratings. In this study a job analysis questionnaire was developed and administered to incumbents. Race based rating differences were found in only three of the 16 analyses. Associations between rater tenure and dimension scores were also …

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A Comparison Of The Basc And The Cbcl With Referred Preschoolers, Kristina Sidebottom May 2005

A Comparison Of The Basc And The Cbcl With Referred Preschoolers, Kristina Sidebottom

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Behavior rating scales, such as the Behavior Assessment System for Children ([BASC] Reynolds & Kamphaus, 1998) and the Child Behavior Checklist ([CBCL] Achenbach & Rescorla, 2000), are often used to assess social and emotional behavior problems. Although a substantial amount of research exists on the previous version of the BASC/6-18 and CBCL/4-18, little research exists on the latest preschool versions of the BASC/2.5-5 and CBCL/1.5-5. The current study examined the overall consistency between the latest BASC and CBCL preschool versions. A sample of 50 parents of preschool-aged children referred for a developmental evaluation participated in this study by completing both …

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A Meta-Analysis Of Test-Retest Reliability Studies, Bryan Cromwell May 2005

A Meta-Analysis Of Test-Retest Reliability Studies, Bryan Cromwell

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The effect of intertest interval on test-retest reliability has received little attention in the research literature. In addition, no information has been gathered regarding the intertest intervals currently being used in test-retest reliability studies. This meta-analysis consists of 172 test-retest reliability studies. We hypothesized that the length of the intertest interval would be negatively associated with the test-retest reliability coefficient. The results of the study show that a median intertest interval of 14 days is typically usedin test-retest reliability studies. Data are also provided on typical intertest intervals and test-retest reliabilities categorized by the type of test and the type …

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The Effect Of Gender, Victim Job Performance, And Victim Employment Status On Individual And Jury Perceptions Of Sexual Harassment, Marcie Krastman May 2005

The Effect Of Gender, Victim Job Performance, And Victim Employment Status On Individual And Jury Perceptions Of Sexual Harassment, Marcie Krastman

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The current study investigated the impact of gender, victim job performance, and victim employment status on individual juror and jury perceptions of sexual harassment. Gender, victim job performance, and victim employment are all extralegal factors that were found to influence individual jurors' perceptions of sexual harassment. The present study revealed individual female jurors were more likely than male jurors to find sexual harassment. Although gender did not have a significant effect in jury perceptions of sexual harassment, further analysis revealed females were more likely than males to change their decision on sexual harassment in a jury. Victim job performance and …

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Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Through The Alive Center (A Local Information And Volunteer Exchange), Stacia Wolf May 2005

Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Through The Alive Center (A Local Information And Volunteer Exchange), Stacia Wolf

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Risk and protective factors for juvenile delinquency are identified and addressed at national and local levels. A need for an information, referral, and volunteer center to reduce risk factors and promote protective factors in youth was identified in Warren County. The ALIVE Center (A Local Information and Volunteer Exchange) was founded to address this need. Qualitative research of services and programs offered by information, referral, and volunteer centers and a survey to specific local agencies as regards their use of the ALIVE Center was conducted to guide the development of services at the ALIVE Center. Information, resource, and referral centers …

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Revealing Socially Undesirable Information: A Comparison Of Bipolar Adjective Scaling Methods, Jordan Mudd May 2005

Revealing Socially Undesirable Information: A Comparison Of Bipolar Adjective Scaling Methods, Jordan Mudd

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Despite the popularity of personality testing for personnel selection, criticisms have arisen regarding the potential for response distortions by applicants. Researchers have developed many techniques to control for such response distortions, including the use of different response formats. Using both a university sample of introductory psychology students and an applied sample of police officers during a promotional exam, the present study examined two bipolar adjective scaling methods (paired-comparison and semantic differential) to determine scaling effects on test taker reports of socially undesirable information on a self-report personality measure of conscientiousness. Results indicate that no differences exist in socially desirable responding …

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Actual And Ideal Self Discrepancy And Body Satisfaction, Sheena Moyers May 2005

Actual And Ideal Self Discrepancy And Body Satisfaction, Sheena Moyers

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Over the past decade, there has been an increase in research and concern over body image and body attitudes in both clinical and community settings (Sondhaus, Kurtz, & Strube, 2001). Historically, body image has been thought to be more important to women than to men. However, recently male body image has begun to increase in importance. Over the past few decades, men have been facing increased societal pressure, concerning the type of body that they should have. One such way that pressure is manifested is through muscle dysmorphia, and a potential influence on muscle dysmorphia is self-concept. Self-concept may interact …

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Lasting Impressions: Parental Persuasion And Its Permanence In A Child's Development, Kelcey Newton May 2005

Lasting Impressions: Parental Persuasion And Its Permanence In A Child's Development, Kelcey Newton

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The questions of parents are never fully answered due to the plethora of factors involved in raising children. However, a different angle of research has uncovered some new techniques that provide renewed hope for the longevity of parental impact. Many people understand that parents—and people in general—use and are daily impacted by persuasion. This research shows that if parents can more completely understand positive persuasive tactics, their values can potentially follow children from the bubble of the home to their adulthood. An important component of this parental persuasion is the use of inoculation techniques to help children not only live …

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Hey, That's Not Fair! A Comparison Of Faculty And Department Head Fairness Perceptions Of Pregnancy Leave Practices, Amy Schirmer May 2005

Hey, That's Not Fair! A Comparison Of Faculty And Department Head Fairness Perceptions Of Pregnancy Leave Practices, Amy Schirmer

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

As more women enter the workforce, employers are increasingly faced with issues such as pregnancy leave. This study addresses perceptions of faculty pregnancy leave practices in a university setting. In part, this study is a replication/follow-up to a study conducted in 1995 on the perceptions of procedural justice when establishing a maternity leave policy. This study examined current pregnancy leave practices and faculty and department head perceptions of fairness of such leave to the pregnant faculty member and other faculty members. Options used most frequently in 1995 are still the options most frequently used by department heads in 2005. Faculty …

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The Effects Of Mental Skills Training On Serve Accuracy Of An Intercollegiate Volleyball Team, Amber Usry May 2005

The Effects Of Mental Skills Training On Serve Accuracy Of An Intercollegiate Volleyball Team, Amber Usry

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

A pre-season mental skills program for serving was implemented for the 12 members of a NCAA Division-I volleyball team. Key mental skills taught were relaxation, imagery, and attentional skills. A videotaped expert (i.e., the coach), who articulated and demonstrated the technical performance keys to effective serving, was used for behavioral modeling of the desired performance. Players utilized a three-phase service routine to increase automaticity of performance and to incorporate key mental skills. Phase I included: (a) selecting the target zone, (b) relaxing, (c) goal setting for pace, trajectory, and placement of the serve, and (d) imagery. Phase II included: (a) …

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Concurrent Validity Of The Clinical Assessment Of Depression With The Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition, Shelley Hicks May 2005

Concurrent Validity Of The Clinical Assessment Of Depression With The Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition, Shelley Hicks

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Depression is a disorder that can affect every aspect of one's life, ranging from physical health issues to interpersonal relationship difficulties. Therefore, it is imperative that the depressive symptoms of college students be identified, evaluated, and treated. Self-report measures are a common technique to identify depressive symptomatology in individuals and assist in diagnosis and treatment. Existing measures are often used as a criterion by which to validate the psychometric properties and effectiveness of newly designed, self-report measures. The purpose of this investigation was to explore the concurrent validity of a newly published self-report measure of depression, the Clinical Assessment of …

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More Than Meets The Eye: The Covert Nature Of Female Aggression In A Kindergarten Through Second Grade Population, Allison Janoski May 2005

More Than Meets The Eye: The Covert Nature Of Female Aggression In A Kindergarten Through Second Grade Population, Allison Janoski

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The current study addressed the verification of the existence of relational aggression in boys and girls in a kindergarten through second grade population. There has been little, if any, empirical research conducted with children in kindergarten through second grade concerning their use of relational aggression. The current research was conducted with teachers' reports of aggression styles displayed by their kindergarten through second grade students (N = 257). This research was conducted to compare the incidence of Relational aggression in boys and girls and to compare the incidence of overt aggression in boys and girls. This research also examined whether the …

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Emotional Intelligence And Social Skills: Studying Students With Emotional-Behavioral Disability (Ebd), Bridget Wilfert May 2005

Emotional Intelligence And Social Skills: Studying Students With Emotional-Behavioral Disability (Ebd), Bridget Wilfert

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Students diagnosed with Emotional-Behavioral Disability (EBD) have an inability to successfully interact with peers or adults. This study examined 33 students with EBD to investigate their emotional intelligence, social skills, and the relationship between these two constructs. Participants were classified as either primary (grades 1-6, n = 14) or secondary (grades 7-12, n = 19). Students completed a Social Skills Rating System (SSRS) Self-Report Student Form and a BarOn Emotional Quotient Inventory: Youth Edition (EQi: YV) Form, while special education teachers completed the SSRS Teacher Form on each student. Results indicated that the emotional intelligence and social skills of these …

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A Comparison Of The Basc And Cbcl With At-Risk Preschoolers, Sara Murphy May 2005

A Comparison Of The Basc And Cbcl With At-Risk Preschoolers, Sara Murphy

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Behavior rating scales, such as the Behavior Assessment System for Children ([BASC] Reynolds & Kamphaus, 1998) and the Child Behavior Checklist ([CBCL] Achenbach & Rescorla, 2000), are often used to assess social and emotional behavior problems. Although a substantial amount of research exists on the previous version of the BASC/6-18 and CBCL/4-18, little research exists on the latest preschool versions of the BASC/2.5-5 and CBCL/1.5-5. The current study examined the overall consistency between the revised BASC and CBCL preschool versions. A sample of 33 parents of preschool-aged children considered "at-risk" participated in this study by completing both the BASC and …

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Observed Incivility At Work And Job Outcomes: The Moderating Role Of Workgroup Characteristics, Catharine Tate Apr 2005

Observed Incivility At Work And Job Outcomes: The Moderating Role Of Workgroup Characteristics, Catharine Tate

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The purpose of this study was to investigate group identification and group cohesion as moderators of the relationship between observed incivility and job outcomes. Participants included 36 men and 54 women from a property management company who completed scales assessing observed incivility in their workgroup, feelings of workgroup cohesion and identification, and job related outcomes (e.g., job satisfaction, burnout, turnover intentions, and affective organizational commitment). Results showed that observing incivility at work was directly related to turnover intentions for employees. Results also showed that employees who perceived their workgroup as highly cohesive reported being less committed to the organization. Additionally, …

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The Alive Center (A Local Information & Volunteer Exchange): An Evaluation Of The Year 2003-2004, Joel Kaunisto Dec 2004

The Alive Center (A Local Information & Volunteer Exchange): An Evaluation Of The Year 2003-2004, Joel Kaunisto

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Volunteerism plays an important role in modern American society with benefits accruing to the community and individuals who volunteer. This thesis evaluated the first year of operation of the ALIVE Center (A Local Information and Volunteer Exchange) by addressing four objectives of the program with data obtained from the ALIVE Center. To meet its first objective, the ALIVE Center maintains a current database of local human service organizations. The second objective, to establish a resource center and provide referrals and information to 1,000 people, was achieved. The third objective of maintaining a website was also met. Matching over 200 volunteers …

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The Effects Of Age And Task Timing Characteristics On Contingency Judgment, Marci C. Sammons Aug 2004

The Effects Of Age And Task Timing Characteristics On Contingency Judgment, Marci C. Sammons

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Detecting contingency relationships between causal events allows us to adapt to and control these events. However, research has shown age-related impairments in this ability. The goal of this study was to examine how reduced processing speed in older adults affects contingency learning. Manipulating the time during which to generate the response, to test the limited time mechanism of processing speed, had little effect on contingency judgments. Varying the temporal contiguity of events, to test the simultaneity mechanism of processing speed, affected young adults’ contingency judgments. Older adults’ judgments were less accurate overall, and young adults’ judgments were similarly less accurate …

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The Effects Of Music Preference And Exercise Intensity On Exercise Enjoyment And Perceived Exertion, Allison Dyrlund Aug 2004

The Effects Of Music Preference And Exercise Intensity On Exercise Enjoyment And Perceived Exertion, Allison Dyrlund

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

In spite of the well-known physical and psychological benefits of exercise roughly 50% of people who start an exercise program will have dropped out within six months. Therefore, it is important to examine the determinants of exercise adherence. Past research has shown that enjoyment is an essential factor in exercise adherence. Additionally, music has been shown to influence exercise enjoyment. The music and enjoyment literature has generally included most preferred and no music conditions, yet no one has considered a least preferred music condition. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the effects of music preference and exercise …

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Job Applicant Faking Of Overt Integrity Tests: Fact Or Fantasy?, Caitlin Stewart Aug 2004

Job Applicant Faking Of Overt Integrity Tests: Fact Or Fantasy?, Caitlin Stewart

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Integrity tests are among the least utilized pre-employment selection instruments due, at least in part, to concern regarding the ease at which applicants can successfully fake their responses. The current study attempted to assess the extent to which actual job applicants fake overt integrity tests. We assigned one group of applicants to an honest condition and one group to a standard response condition. Applicants in the honest condition received a set of instructions that were modified to illustrate the importance of responding as honestly as possible when completing the questionnaire, whereas the standard response condition received a set of instructions …

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Aging And The Effects Of Prior Expectancies In Contingency Judgment, Laura Strain Aug 2004

Aging And The Effects Of Prior Expectancies In Contingency Judgment, Laura Strain

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

This study examined how prior expectancies affect young and older adults' contingency judgments. Participants completed contingency problems representing all combinations of expectancy (positive, negative, unrelated, and unknown) and contingency (positive, negative, and zero). I originally predicted that the largest age differences would emerge when both the expectancy and the contingency were strong and incongruent, regardless of the nature of the expectancy. However, age differences in the effect of expectancy were strongest when the expectancy was positive and the contingency was Incongruent, and older adults' judgments were more biased by this expectancy. Likewise, I predicted that there would be no age …

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Exploration Of The Relationship Between Moral Judgment Development And Crystallized Intelligence, Kristy Jones Aug 2004

Exploration Of The Relationship Between Moral Judgment Development And Crystallized Intelligence, Kristy Jones

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Recent studies have reported different findings about how moral judgment as defined by the Defining Issues Test (DIT; Rest, Narvaez, Bebeau, & Thoma, 1999) relates to verbal intellectual ability. For example, Sanders, Lubinski, and Benbow (1995) argued that DIT scores are reducible to indices that represent verbal intellectual ability. Thoma and his colleagues (Derryberry, Thoma, Narvaez, & Rest, 2000; Thoma, Derryberry, & Narvaez, 2003; Thoma, Narvaez, Rest, & Derryberry, 1999) found support that DIT scores and indices of verbal intellectual ability are separate sources of information. In considering this relationship, these previous studies have most often referred to grade point …

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The Effect Of Experience Upon The Visual And Haptic Discrimination Of 3-D Object Shape, Anna Clayton Aug 2004

The Effect Of Experience Upon The Visual And Haptic Discrimination Of 3-D Object Shape, Anna Clayton

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Both our sense of touch and our sense of vision allow us to perceive common object properties such as size, shape, and texture. The extent of this functional overlap has been studied in relation to infant perception (Bushnell & Weinberger, 1987; Gibson & Walker, 1984; Streri, 1987; Streri & Gentaz, 2003), overlap in brain regions (Amedi, Malach, Hendler, Peled, & Zohary, 2001; Deibert, Kraut, Kermen, & Hart, 1999; James, Humphrey, Gati, Menon, & Goodale, 2002), and adult perception (Gibson, 1962, 1963, 1966; Klatzky, Lederman, & Reed, 1987; Lakatos & Marks, 1999; Norman, Norman, Clayton, Lianekhammy, & Zielke, 2004). The current …

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The Effects Of Rejected Job Offers On The Costs And Benefits Associated With The Use Of Banding Strategies For Employee Selection, Joshua Daniel May 2004

The Effects Of Rejected Job Offers On The Costs And Benefits Associated With The Use Of Banding Strategies For Employee Selection, Joshua Daniel

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Among the available selection strategies (e.g., top down selection), sliding bands with minority preference selection was shown to be the most effective at striking a balance between reducing adverse impact with minimal test utility loss. Unfortunately, all previous research into selection strategy effectiveness failed to model job acceptance rates, a variable shown to decrease overall test utility (Murphy, 1986). In this study we compared the utility and adverse impact ratios obtained from strict top down and sliding bands with minority preference selection strategies in which we varied selection ratios, job acceptance rates, and sample sizes. Across all conditions, utility and …

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The Effects Of Self-Monitoring And Religious Self-Discrepancies On Negative Affect, John Parker May 2004

The Effects Of Self-Monitoring And Religious Self-Discrepancies On Negative Affect, John Parker

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

According to Higgins's (1987) self-discrepancy theory, an individual's selfesteem is based upon fulfilling one's self-expectations or the expectations of significant others (e.g., spouse or parent). Failure to live up to these expectations results in greater levels of depression, anxiety, and lower self-esteem. Previous research has also found that those low in Snyder and Gangestad's (1986) self-monitoring construct are more influenced by their own expectations, while those high in self-monitoring are more influenced by others' expectations. It was predicted that Christians who are low in self-monitoring will have greater levels of depression and anxiety and lower self-esteem if they fail to …

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Accident And Injury Prevention: The Effects Of Job Factors And Employee Behaviors, Suzaane Dobbs May 2004

Accident And Injury Prevention: The Effects Of Job Factors And Employee Behaviors, Suzaane Dobbs

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Virtually all organizations are concerned about employee safety and the prevention of workplace accidents, but maybe unaware that most accidents are the cause of unsafe employee behaviors. In this study, one company in particular wanted to know where, when, how, and why accidents were occurring in its plant. Accidents of the past three years were content analyzed. The results show that 87.4% of the accidents were due to unsafe behaviors. The highest absolute frequency of accidents occurs in the die cast area, while the highest relative rate of accidents occurs in the furnace room. The type of accident that occurs …

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Using Social Stories To Teach Social And Behavioral Skills To Preschool Children With Autism, Melissa Jean Herrin May 2004

Using Social Stories To Teach Social And Behavioral Skills To Preschool Children With Autism, Melissa Jean Herrin

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

There is limited research support for the use of Social Stories with elementary and secondary-aged students. However, there is even less research support for the effectiveness of Social Stories with preschool-aged children. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Social Stories with three preschool-aged children diagnosed with autism. Using a multiple baseline design across subjects, Social Stories were implemented in the home setting. The children’s parents were responsible for daily implementation of the Social Story, as well as recording data daily. Direct observations were conducted once a week during the identified times the target behavior occurred. …

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Cognitive Ability Testing And Selection: A Review Of Court Decisions Since 1991, Leslie Pedigo May 2004

Cognitive Ability Testing And Selection: A Review Of Court Decisions Since 1991, Leslie Pedigo

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Cognitive ability testing is utilized by many organizations in the selection process. Historically, cognitive ability testing has resulted in group differences in scores, particularly between Caucasians and African-Americans. Such group differences can result in adverse impact. This impact can lead to legal ramifications for the organization utilizing the cognitive ability test. The present study examined ten factors to determine their relationship to the findings of the courts in cases involving cognitive ability tests. The factors examined were gender of the plaintiff, reason for the lawsuit, workplace setting, group or individual plaintiffs, standardadized versus unstandardized tests, validation of the tests, development …

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