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Articles 481 - 510 of 1258
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Naughty Or Nice: An Exploration Of Human Sexuality And Its Associations To Online Dating Behavior And The "Hook-Up" Culture, Ciara Peebles
Naughty Or Nice: An Exploration Of Human Sexuality And Its Associations To Online Dating Behavior And The "Hook-Up" Culture, Ciara Peebles
Honors Undergraduate Theses
This study was conducted to examine the relationship between human sexuality, online dating, and personality. The two sexual subcultures investigated were the hook-up culture (casual sexuality) and unconventional sexual subculture (such as fetishes). The first hypothesis was that one's casual sexuality would influence one’s online dating participation. The second hypothesis was that there would be gender differences between participation in casual sexuality and participation in unconventional sexuality. The third hypothesis was certain personality traits would influence whether they would participate both sexuality measures. The measures used for the survey were Online Dating Index, Brief Sexual Attitudes Scale, Big Five Inventory, …
Oculomotor Mechanisms Underlying Attentional Costs In Distracted Visual Search, Joanna Lewis
Oculomotor Mechanisms Underlying Attentional Costs In Distracted Visual Search, Joanna Lewis
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Performance consequences have been long established when humans multitask. This research concerns the impact of distraction on the attentional shifts during a task that underlies many cognitive processes and everyday tasks, searching for a target item among non-target items (e.g., scanning the road for potential collisions). There is evidence that increasing the mental workload by introducing additional tasks influences our ability to search our environment or interferes with processing fixated information. In the current studies, I aimed to evaluate the changes in gaze behaviors during visual search to evaluate how multitasking impairs our attentional processes. Participants completed a visual search …
Human Factor Effects Of Simulating Battlefield Malodors In Field Training, William Pike
Human Factor Effects Of Simulating Battlefield Malodors In Field Training, William Pike
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In order to explore how to better utilize simulated odors for live training, a study of 180 United States Military Academy at West Point cadets was undertaken to determine whether pre-exposure to a simulated malodor may result in an amelioration of performance issues, as well as improving performance of a complex task. Exposure to malodors has long been shown to increase stress and escape behavior, and reduce performance of complex tasks, in addition to degrading other human factor areas. However, desensitization to a particular odor through a process known as olfactory adaptation, could ameliorate these performance issues. In this study, …
Anything But Crazy: How American Musical Theatre Can Change Societal Stigmas Against Mental Illnesses, Benjamin Walton
Anything But Crazy: How American Musical Theatre Can Change Societal Stigmas Against Mental Illnesses, Benjamin Walton
Honors Undergraduate Theses
There is a societal stigma that villainizes or degrades anyone diagnosed or associated with any mental illness. While many different forms of media have attempted to destroy this stigma through psycho-centric narratives, I wanted to argue that musical theatre has the greatest potential as a live entertainment source to deconstruct and reduce the stigma surrounding mental illness. For my research, I theorized that musical theatre can most effectively change societal stigma about mental illness by communicating a clear understanding of the disease through music, and achieving popularity in the public eye longer than other live forms of theatre. I chose …
Online Product Reviews: Effects Of Star Ratings And Valence On Review Perception Among Those High And Low In Need For Cognition, Jacquelyn L. Schreck
Online Product Reviews: Effects Of Star Ratings And Valence On Review Perception Among Those High And Low In Need For Cognition, Jacquelyn L. Schreck
Honors Undergraduate Theses
The Internet is becoming the main source for various tasks, from learning, to working, and shopping. There are many websites one can use to shop. Almost all stores have a website from which you can order anything you might want. As online shopping becomes more prominent, it is important to understand the effects of the Internet and its product reviewers and, specific to this study, consumer decision making. This study seeks to understand the effect of star ratings and valence on review perception between the different cognitive levels of individuals. Recognition review perception, and intent to purchase were being measured. …
Psychometric Properties Of A Working Memory Span Task, Juan M. Alzate Vanegas
Psychometric Properties Of A Working Memory Span Task, Juan M. Alzate Vanegas
Honors Undergraduate Theses
The intent of this thesis is to examine the psychometric properties of a complex span task (CST) developed to measure working memory capacity (WMC) using measurements obtained from a sample of 68 undergraduate students at the University of Central Florida. The Grocery List Task (GLT) promises several design improvements over traditional CSTs in a prior study about individual differences in WMC and distraction effects on driving performance, and it offers potential benefits for studying WMC as well as the serial-position effect. Currently, the working memory system is composed of domain-general memorial storage processes and information-processing, which involves the use of …
Influence Of Selected Factors On A Counselor's Attention Level To And Counseling Performance With A Virtual Human In A Virtual Counseling Session, John Hart
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Virtual humans serve as role-players in social skills training environments simulating situational face-to-face conversations. Previous research indicates that virtual humans in instructional roles can increase a learner's engagement and motivation towards the training. Left unaddressed is if the learner is looking at the virtual human as one would in a human-to-human, face-to-face interaction. Using a modified version of the Emergent Leader Immersive Training Environment (ELITE-Lite), this study tracks visual attention and other behavior of 120 counselor trainees counseling a virtual human role-playing counselee. Specific study elements include: (1) the counselor's level of visual attention toward the virtual counselee; (2) how …
Rumination And Executive Dysfunction: Risk Factors For Vascular Depression, David Brush
Rumination And Executive Dysfunction: Risk Factors For Vascular Depression, David Brush
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Introduction: The widely-supported vascular depression hypothesis is underspecified with respect to cognitive mechanisms by which high cerebrovascular burden (CVB) and neuropathology relate to depressive symptoms. Integration of the vascular depression hypothesis with the CaR-FA-X model, a framework of affect regulation mechanisms, suggest that Rumination (R) and executive dysfunction (X) may increase due to altered recruitment of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex resulting from high CVB and underlying neuropathology. This process would contribute to depressive symptomatology among older adults with high CVB. The progression of examined hypotheses included mediation models examining mechanistic relationships between predictors (CVB, DLPFC activation), cognitive correlates (rumination, executive …
Adaptation And Resilience Of Extreme Teams: A Qualitative Study Using Historiometric Analysis, Lauren Campbell
Adaptation And Resilience Of Extreme Teams: A Qualitative Study Using Historiometric Analysis, Lauren Campbell
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The business and academic worlds agree that team resilience and team adaptation are in increasing need of study. This study explores the behavioral processes of team adaptation—specifically, those action phase and interpersonal processes mapped by Marks, Mathieu, and Zaccaro (2001) and overlapping with the team adaptation model by Burke, Stagl, Salas, Pierce, and Kendall (2006) and expanded by Rosen et al. (2011). Additionally, the impact of trigger type on adaptive behaviors is explored as suggested by Maynard and Kennedy (2016). These explorations are conducted within the context of extreme teams, and the primary method used is Crayne and Hunter's (2018) …
Predicting Patients' Trust In Physicians From Personality Variables, Ethnicity, And Gender, Zoreed A. Mukhtar
Predicting Patients' Trust In Physicians From Personality Variables, Ethnicity, And Gender, Zoreed A. Mukhtar
Digital Repository: Showcase of Undergraduate Research Excellence
No abstract provided.
The Relationship Between Millennials' Attitudes Towards The United States And Their Goals And Personal Constructs, Angelica M. Hernandez
The Relationship Between Millennials' Attitudes Towards The United States And Their Goals And Personal Constructs, Angelica M. Hernandez
Honors Undergraduate Theses
The purpose of this study was to examine various aspects of Millennials' attitudes related to their beliefs about the United States and in the context of their personal, career, and family goals and ethnic identity. Another purpose of this study was to determine if selected personality variables would predict attitudes toward the United States. It was found that Millennials who held positive attitudes toward the United States in terms of being a viable country for them also had relatively clear and developed personal, career, and family goals. Moreover, three personality variables—resiliency, optimism, and (inversely) cynicism significantly contributed to Millennials' views …
Exploring The Relationship Between Attitudes About Mental Illness, About Guns, And Personality Variables, Rachel N. Chavez
Exploring The Relationship Between Attitudes About Mental Illness, About Guns, And Personality Variables, Rachel N. Chavez
Honors Undergraduate Theses
This study explores relationships among attitudes about mental illness and guns in order to shed some light on two issues often mentioned in the same realm: mental illness and gun violence. This study also explores if personality variables relate to these attitudes about guns and mental illness. The results of this study found that those who reported more positive attitudes toward guns will have more negative attitudes toward mental illness. The data supported another part of the hypothesis that males would report more positive attitudes towards guns and more negative attitudes towards mental illness than females. This study did not …
A Deviance Regulation Theory Intervention To Reduce Alcohol Problems Among First-Year College Students, Angelina V. Leary
A Deviance Regulation Theory Intervention To Reduce Alcohol Problems Among First-Year College Students, Angelina V. Leary
Honors Undergraduate Theses
OBJECTIVE: An alcohol-drinking culture exists among first-time-in-college students, where many of these students come to their university relatively inexperienced with alcohol, which may increase alcohol-related consequences. Several interventions exist to combat this campus problem. The current study investigates the use of a Deviance Regulation Theory (DRT) intervention, presented in a web-based manner, to increase alcohol Protective Behavioral Strategies (PBS), such as monitoring drinks, using a designated driver, and drinking water in between alcoholic beverages, among college freshmen. METHOD: College freshmen participants (N = 157) completed web-based surveys examining alcohol behaviors once a week for six weeks. Participants were randomly …
Social Anxiety And Subtypes Of Empathy: The Moderating Influence Of Biological Sex, Samantha K. Berg
Social Anxiety And Subtypes Of Empathy: The Moderating Influence Of Biological Sex, Samantha K. Berg
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Only a few studies have examined relationships between social anxiety and subtypes of empathy. Findings are mixed. The present study examined social anxiety severity on a continuum and how it related to affective and cognitive empathy in 684 nonpsychiatric adults (77% female). Participants completed an online battery of measures that included: a self-report measure of social anxiety severity (Fear of Negative Evaluation), a self-report measure with subscales for affective and cognitive empathy (Interpersonal Reactivity Index), and a behavioral measure of cognitive empathy (Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task; MIE). After statistically covarying for general anxiety severity, biological sex moderated …
Childhood Experiences And Domestic Violence: The Role That Interpartner Violence Plays In Relationship Functioning And Parenting Behaviors In Adulthood., J'Nelle Stephenson
Childhood Experiences And Domestic Violence: The Role That Interpartner Violence Plays In Relationship Functioning And Parenting Behaviors In Adulthood., J'Nelle Stephenson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
It is estimated that approximately 25% of women and 7.6% of men report experiencing violence from their romantic partner during their lifetime. Additionally, in households where interpartner violence occurs, there are between 3.3 and 10 million children in the United States alone. It is important to understand the cycle of domestic violence that can occur, as it can inform us about expected outcomes across time. This study examined mothers' childhood exposure to their own parents' domestic violence. It was hypothesized that childhood exposure to domestic violence would be related to unhealthy intimate relationships and to the development of maladaptive parenting …
Sleep Disturbances Among Firefighters: The Impact Of Shift Work On Sleep And Cognition, Jeremy Stout
Sleep Disturbances Among Firefighters: The Impact Of Shift Work On Sleep And Cognition, Jeremy Stout
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A comprehensive sleep assessment of 45 firefighters was conducted over 9- days in an effort to determine the impact of their 24 hour work and 48 hour off work schedule on their sleep duration, sleep quality, processing speed, sustained attention, vigilance, and mental health. Chronic patterns of poor sleep are associated with an increased likelihood of performing poorly on tasks that require processing speed and sustained attention/vigilance which could lead to firefighters' suboptimal work performance or an increased risk of injury. Firefighters completed sleep actigraphy, self- report measures, as well as neuropsychological sub-tests at their beginning of their shift and …
The Efficacy Of A 6-Week Evidence-Based Support Group For Caregivers Of Dementia In A Primary Care Setting, Mona Shah
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
More than 16 million Americans provide unpaid care for those with Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Extant literature has well documented the increased risk for physical, emotional, social and financial burden associated with caregiving. While intensive support groups may be well-suited to caregiver needs, they are often difficult to implement given financial, personnel and resource constraints. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy of a theoretically-based, 6-week caregiver support group in a community primary care setting. The group focuses on self-care, behavior management techniques and interdisciplinary caregiver resources. A total of 22 participants completed the active …
The State Of Trauma-Informed Care In The Preschool, Ellen Kolomeyer
The State Of Trauma-Informed Care In The Preschool, Ellen Kolomeyer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study aimed to provide a foundational knowledge base from which to begin bridging the gap between research on trauma-informed, relationship-based therapeutic interventions in early childhood preschool classrooms and the practice of such classroom-based interventions. Specifically, this study identified several specific predictors (e.g., funding) and barriers (e.g., lack of knowledge and training in assessment instruments and referral options) to gaining trauma-informed knowledge and engaging in trauma-informed practices in preschool classrooms. Individuals in leadership roles at preschools were sampled anonymously with regard to their current trauma-informed knowledge and program practices. Participants included 98 preschool leaders from Florida, 36 preschool leaders from …
Eye Movements And Spatial Ability: Influences On Thinking During Analogical Problem Solving, Bradford Schroeder
Eye Movements And Spatial Ability: Influences On Thinking During Analogical Problem Solving, Bradford Schroeder
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Classic studies have examined the factors that influence the way in which people can solve difficult "insight" problems, which require creative solutions. Recent research has shown that guiding one's eye movements in a pattern spatially congruent with the solution improves the likelihood of formulating a spatial solution. The authors in this line of research argued that guiding eye movements in a pattern spatially equivalent to the solution of the problem yields an embodied cognitive benefit that aids problem solving. Specifically, guiding eye movements leads to the generation of a mental representation containing perceptual information that helps a problem solver mentally …
Investigating The Role Of Cognitive Load In Synthetic Learning Environments For Training, Joelene Goh
Investigating The Role Of Cognitive Load In Synthetic Learning Environments For Training, Joelene Goh
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Ensuring effectiveness of training programs has been a dominant theme in the training industry, and is constantly evolving with the steady incorporation of emerging technology. This field study offers an investigation into the intersection between the applied and research world, and examines the practicality of recommended best practices for implementing synthetic learning environments (SLEs) in the military. Specifically, cognitive load has been identified as a significant factor in influencing the effectiveness of training programs. Research on this topic has focused on utilizing the affordances of SLEs to decrease cognitive load imposed by the material and system in order to allow …
Does Constructive Criticism Boost Creativity? Examining The Moderating Role Of Leader-Member Exchange, Learning Goal Orientation, And Feedback Seeking Behavior, Devin Burnell
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This research investigates whether constructive criticism enhances creative performance within the relationship context of leaders and followers. Previous research on leadership and creativity defines creative products as novel and useful, but overlooks antecedents to creative action—the immediate precondition of creative products. Creative action, or creative performance, includes (1) identifying a problem, (2) searching for information, (3) generating solutions, and (4) evaluating the best solution. Previous research informs that three psychological mechanisms are responsible for creative actions: (1) sense-making, (2) motivation, and (3) knowledge processes. Constructive criticism is posited to act simultaneously on each of these processes to encourage creative performance …
The Relationship Between Team Role Sub-Dimensions, Personality, And Team Effectiveness, Ryan Howell
The Relationship Between Team Role Sub-Dimensions, Personality, And Team Effectiveness, Ryan Howell
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A manned mission to Mars would be the longest manned mission (both by distance and duration) to date by a considerable margin. Such a mission poses a unique set of challenges to astronaut teams, including extreme levels of isolation and confinement never before experienced by Earth-bound teams. A crucial step in ensuring the team will arrive back on Earth safely is selecting those individuals who are most apt for the job. To facilitate the selection process and development of countermeasures, this work (as part of a larger NASA research grant) involves examining the relationship between personality (Big 5; openness, conscientiousness, …
A Psychophysical Approach To Standardizing Texture Compression For Virtual Environments, Jeremy Flynn
A Psychophysical Approach To Standardizing Texture Compression For Virtual Environments, Jeremy Flynn
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Image compression is a technique to reduce overall data size, but its effects on human perception have not been clearly established. The purpose of this effort was to determine the most effective psychophysical method for subjective image quality assessment, and to apply those findings to an objective algorithm. This algorithm was used to identify the minimum level of texture compression noticeable to the human, in order to determine whether compression-induced texture distortion impacted game-play outcomes. Four experiments tested several hypotheses. The first hypothesis evaluated which of three magnitude estimation (ME) methods (absolute ME, absolute ME plus, or ME with a …
Is Proactive Behavior Always Positive? An Examination Of Leader Reactions Based On Employee Gender And Organizational Crisis, Nicole Carusone
Is Proactive Behavior Always Positive? An Examination Of Leader Reactions Based On Employee Gender And Organizational Crisis, Nicole Carusone
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Organizations are increasingly looking to hire employees who are willing to take initiative and go above and beyond expectations (Campbell, 2000). To that aim, proactive behaviors have been increasingly considered as a potentially important characteristic of today's workers (Campbell, 2000). With workplaces becoming more decentralized and work becoming increasingly innovative and self-directed, organizations require employees who are able and willing to be proactive (Campbell, 2000; Frese & Fay, 2001). Researchers have found many benefits to proactive behavior, including increases in individual performance and innovation (Seibert, Kraimer, & Crant, 2001; Tornau & Frese, 2013). While proactive behavior may have many benefits, …
Psychophysiology Meets Computer Science: Predicting The Magnitude Of Participant Physiological Response With Machine Learning, Avonie Parchment
Psychophysiology Meets Computer Science: Predicting The Magnitude Of Participant Physiological Response With Machine Learning, Avonie Parchment
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The present inquiry uses methods from psychophysiology and machine learning to reduce overall error in classification models. The field of psychophysiology, though rooted in decades of experimentation, has never reached the same level of precision as some aspects of medical inquiry. In fact, while some medical regression models, when determining some way to classify a patient's illness based on certain symptoms, can result in highly significant results with large effect sizes, equal levels are virtually unheard of in psychophysiology. The present investigation attempts to unravel some part of this mystery and determines some possible reasons for the difficulty in finding …
Examining Followership Role Orientation, Douglas Monsky
Examining Followership Role Orientation, Douglas Monsky
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study attempts to make steps toward filling significant gaps in the followership literature. The study of followership has often been seen through the lens of leaders' ability to impart change in follower behavior. In doing so, the literature has primarily focused on leader behavior as the agent of change rather than acknowledging followers as active agents in their own behaviors. However, some recent research has shown the emergence of followers as the primary focus, even looking at how their actions can change the way leaders act. This research focuses primarily on followership role orientations as mental models which specify …
Olfaction, Memory, And Presence In Warfighters: Do The Scents Of War Matter?, Benson Munyan
Olfaction, Memory, And Presence In Warfighters: Do The Scents Of War Matter?, Benson Munyan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Background: Exposure therapy (EXP) is a first-line intervention for combat-related PTSD. EXP works by repeatedly exposing the patient to the feared stimuli, situation, or physical sensations in the absence of actual danger until the stimuli no longer evoke maladaptive responses. Over the past decade, multiple technologies have been introduced to augment the EXP process by presenting multi-sensory cues (e.g., sights, smells, sounds) to increase patients' sense of presence. Exploratory research has only broadly examined the effect of odorants on the patient's sense of presence during simulated exposure tasks. This study hypothesized that those with autobiographical memories similar to the virtual …
Autism Spectrum Disorder (Asd) And Equine Assisted Therapy: An Integrative Review Of The Literature, Brittany R. Selzer
Autism Spectrum Disorder (Asd) And Equine Assisted Therapy: An Integrative Review Of The Literature, Brittany R. Selzer
Honors Undergraduate Theses
The purpose of this integrative review of the literature is to examine the effectiveness of equine assisted therapy with individuals diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). An extensive review of the literature was conducted regarding children diagnosed with ASD who received equine therapy, equine psychotherapy, therapeutic horseback riding, or horse therapy. Inclusion criteria include articles written in the English language, articles that were peer-reviewed, and had a publication date from 2006 to present. Fourteen articles were analyzed regarding children with ASD who participated in different types of equine therapy. The majority of the studies found individuals with ASD who participated …
Subjective-Objective Discrepancies Among Patients With Sleep Complaints In The Patient-Centered Medical Home, Keri Bayley
Subjective-Objective Discrepancies Among Patients With Sleep Complaints In The Patient-Centered Medical Home, Keri Bayley
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Sleep misperception – the discrepancy between objective and subjective measures of sleep – has been shown to be prevalent among patients with insomnia and may be a promising target for sleep intervention. This study examined sleep misperception in a diverse outpatient medical sample using consumer-grade wearable actigraphs (i.e., Fitbit Charge HR™). Forty-four self-identified problem sleepers aged 20 to 79 participated in the study. Participants completed sleep diaries for one week while also tracking their sleep using the Fitbit Charge HR™. After receiving a personalized sleep report based on these data, participants repeated another week of sleep assessment. Sleep misperception was …
Understanding Human Performance And Social Presence: An Analysis Of Vigilance And Social Facilitation, Victoria Claypoole
Understanding Human Performance And Social Presence: An Analysis Of Vigilance And Social Facilitation, Victoria Claypoole
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Social facilitation is characterized by improved performance on simple, or well-known, tasks and impaired performance on complex, or unfamiliar, tasks. Previous research has demonstrated that the use of social presence may improve performance on cognitive-based tasks that are relevant to many organizational contexts, such as vigilance. However, to date, there has not been consolidation of the research regarding the different implementations of social facilitation, or any analysis indicating which types of social presence are best under varying conditions. The present dissertation describes three experiments that seek to contribute to a taxonomic framework of social facilitation. Experiment One statistically established a …