Psychology Commons^™

The Protective Roles Of Latinx Intercultural Competence And Acculturation On Acculturative Stress And Depression: A Brief Longitudinal Study, Mark W. Driscoll, Lucas Torres

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

This study examined the ability of cognitive schemas of culturally based skills, or Latinx intercultural competence (LIC), and acculturation to influence later acculturative stress and depression symptom severity. Latinx adults (final n 98), recruited from national e-mail listings and organizations with a predominant Latinx cultural base, completed online self-report measures of Latinx and Anglo acculturation, acculturative stress, LIC, and depression symptom severity at baseline (T1) and 6-month follow-up (T2). Path analysis indicated that T1 LIC was significantly related to greater T1 Latinx and T1 Anglo acculturation, and that T1 LIC was significantly, indirectly related to lower T2 acculturative stress through …

Ethnic Discrimination, Sexism, And Depression Among Latinx Women: The Roles Of Anxiety Sensitivity And Expressive Suppression, Felicia Mata-Greve, Lucas Torres

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Latinx women are twice as likely to experience depression compared to Latinx men. Latinx women are also subjected to heightened stress in the form of ethnic and sexist discrimination. Limited research has sought to explore variables that may have explanatory roles between discrimination and mental health outcomes among women of color. The current study tested whether anxiety sensitivity and expressive suppression uniquely link discrimination and depression for Latinx women. This cross-sectional study included 246 Latinx women primarily of Mexican descent (n = 173) recruited from community events and Mechanical Turk. On average, participants were 36.29 years old (SD …

What Happened Next? New Measures Of Consequences Of Bystander Actions To Prevent Interpersonal Violence, Victoria Banyard, Elizabeth Moschella, John H. Grych, Ernest N. Jouriles

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Exploring The Cognitive Process And Complexity Of Diverse Patient Conceptualization: A Mixed Methods Study, Michelle Parisa Toigo

Dissertations (1934 -)

In an era when culture is valued in therapy, the field has increasingly emphasized therapist competence in working with diverse clients and reducing mental health disparities (Bernal, Jimenez-Chafey, & Rodriguez, 2009). While there are multiple aspects of multicultural competence (e.g., choosing assessments with appropriate norming groups, consulting with members of the client’s culture, culturally sensitive therapy practices), case conceptualization is believed to be a crucial competence to providing effective services to clients who are racial or ethnic minorities (Hill, Vereen, McNeal, & Stotesbury, 2013). These skills allow the therapist to integrate client culture into their understanding of the client and …

Neuropsychological Sequela Of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Contemporary Meta-Analytic Review, David E. Marra

Dissertations (1934 -)

Mild traumatic brain injuries (MTBIs) result in a constellation of non-specific physical, cognitive, and psychological symptoms. There is significant variability in neurocognitive recovery after MTBI, ranging from a few days to a few months, and others who fail to make complete recovery. A broad literature has attempted to elucidate what individual differences explain this variability. The present study sought to build upon previous meta-analyses, which systematically aggregated and examine relevant literature, by including a more heterogenous population and utilizing contemporary meta-analytic techniques. Three online databases (PsychINFO [sic], PubMed, MedLine) were searched for pertinent studies. Separate random-effects Analogue-to-ANOVA were utilized to …

Exonerees In Black And White: The Influence Of Race On Perceptions Of Those Who Falsely Confessed To A Crime, Simon Howard

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Black Americans account for 61% of those who have been released from prison through DNA exoneration. In the present study, we explored the influence of race on perceptions of wrongfully convicted individuals who have been exonerated. Participants (N = 121) were randomly assigned to read a fictional newspaper article about a Black or White individual who was wrongfully convicted due to a false confession and then report their perceptions of the exoneree’s guilt, warmth, competence and aggression, how deserving the exoneree was of government assistance and the likelihood that once released, the exoneree would commit a crime resulting in …

Cusp Catastrophe Models For Cognitive Workload And Fatigue In Teams, Stephen J. Guastello, Anthony N. Correro, David E. C. Marra

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

The use of two cusp catastrophe models has been effective for untangling the effects of cognitive workload, fatigue, and other complications on the performance of individuals. This study is the first to use the two models to separate workload and fatigue effects on team performance. In an experiment involving an emergency response simulation, 360 undergraduates were organized into 44 teams. Workload was varied by team size, number of opponents, and time pressure. The cusp models for workload and fatigue were more accurate for describing trends in team performance criteria compared to linear alternatives. Individual differences in elasticity-rigidity were less important …

Resilience In Children Exposed To Violence: A Meta-Analysis Of Protective Factors Across Ecological Contexts, Kristen Yule, Jessica Houston, John H. Grych

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Children who experience violence in their families and communities are at increased risk for a wide range of psychological and behavioral difficulties, but some exhibit resilience, or adaptive functioning following adversity. Understanding what promotes resilience is critical for developing more effective prevention and intervention strategies. Over 100 studies have examined potential protective factors for children exposed to violence in the past 30 years, but there has been no quantitative review of this literature. In order to identify which protective factors have received the strongest empirical support, we conducted a meta-analysis of 118 studies involving 101,592 participants. We separately evaluated cross-sectional …

The Role Of Racial Microaggressions, Belongingness, And Coping In African American Psychology Doctoral Students’ Well-Being, Ryan Charles Warner

Dissertations (1934 -)

Research has indicated that African American undergraduate students experience racial microaggressions within their university contexts, and these experiences are associated with negative outcomes such as symptoms of depression and anxiety (Cokely, Hall-Clark, & Hicks, 2011; Nadal, 2011; Nadal, et al., 2014). Little is known about the experience of microaggressions and their effects on African American doctoral students, particularly those within the field of psychology. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between racial microaggressions, sense of belonging, coping strategies (problem solving, social support and avoidance), and psychological well-being among African American doctoral students in psychology. Results revealed …

Men Who Abuse Women: Testing A Narrative-Feminist Approach To Group Psychotherapy, Ketan Tailor

Dissertations (1934 -)

Although a number of treatment approaches are available to psychotherapists who work with men who abuse women, we still know very little about how to effectively treat these men (Smedslund, Dalsbø, Steiro, Winsvold, & Clench-Aas, 2011). This study set out to test the efficacy of a process group for partner violent men, a group that was guided largely by a narrative-feminist philosophy developed by Australian psychologist Alan Jenkins (Jenkins, 1990). A secondary analysis of data was conducted on a sample of 821 partner violent men who were self- or court-referred to a non-profit community counseling agency in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. …

Assessing Intersectional Identity: Investigating The Scales Of Contextualized Identity And Perceived Marginalization, Lauren Yadlosky

Dissertations (1934 -)

The existing literature highlights chronic and extensive psychological and physical health disparities between minority and majority individuals across a variety of identity dimensions including but not limited to race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and socio-economic class. Existing methods used to assess the minority identities associated with these health disparities are theoretically and statistically limited and often reinforce the oppressive mechanisms with which disparities are associated. While numerous researchers have identified these concerns, no quantitative assessment measure addressing them currently exists.To address this gap in the literature, researchers introduced the Scales of Contextualized Identity and perceived Marginalization (SCIM). The resulting measure …

Examining The Effects Of Stress And Age On Neural Reward Processing: Considerations For The Role Of Individual Differences In Autonomic Reactivity, William Mccuddy

Dissertations (1934 -)

Acute stress is unavoidable and may hinder basic reward processing underlying adaptive decision-making. Additionally, older adults may be at an increased risk of poor decision-making after exposure to acute stress due to age-related changes in cognitive and autonomic functioning. The current study assessed the influence of acute stress, autonomic reactivity, and age on a simple behavioral task during fMRI. Specifically, old and young adults completed a basic reward processing paradigm (i.e., where participants received monetary rewards and punishments) after exposure to acute stress (i.e., social evaluative cold pressor) or control procedure between-subjects. In the young group, differential responses for monetary …

Examining Latino Family Participation In Treatment For Childhood Adhd: The Role Of Parental Cultural Factors And Perceptions, Theresa Lauer Kapke, Margaret A. Grace, Al Castro, Alyson C. Gerdes

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common mental health disorder in childhood. Unfortunately, Latino youth and their families are at increased risk of demonstrating poor treatment outcomes. The current study examined the impact of parental cultural factors and perceptions on Latino family participation in a psychosocial intervention for childhood ADHD. Sixty-one Latino youth and at least one of their primary parents and teachers participated in the current study. Results indicated that parental acculturation, attitudes regarding treatment, and baseline severity of child symptomatology and functional impairment were related to treatment participation outcomes. Implications and future directions are discussed.

Comprehensive Systematic Review Summary: Treatment Of Tics In People With Tourette Syndrome And Chronic Tic Disorders, Tamara Pringsheim, Michael S. Okun, Joseph Jankovic, John Piacentini, Andrea E. Cavanna, Davide Martino, Kirsten Muller-Vahl, Douglas W. Woods, Michael Robinson, Elizabeth Jarvie, Veit Roessner, Maryam Oskoui

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Objective

To systematically evaluate the efficacy of treatments for tics and the risks associated with their use.

Methods

This project followed the methodologies outlined in the 2011 edition of the American Academy of Neurology's guideline development process manual. We included systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials on the treatment of tics that included at least 20 participants (10 participants if a crossover trial), except for neurostimulation trials, for which no minimum sample size was required. To obtain additional information on drug safety, we included cohort studies or case series that specifically evaluated adverse drug effects in individuals with tics.

Results …

The Role Of Neurocognitive Tests In The Assessment Of Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Molly A. Nikolas, Paul S. Marshall, James B. Hoelzle

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Despite widespread recognition that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder, optimal methods of diagnosis among adults remain elusive. Substantial overlap between ADHD symptoms and cognitive symptoms of other mental health conditions, such as depression and anxiety, and concerns about validity in symptom reporting have made the use of neuropsychological tests in ADHD diagnostic assessment appealing. However, past work exploring the potential diagnostic utility of neuropsychological tests among adults has often relied on a relatively small subset of tests, has failed to include symptom and performance validity measures, and often does not include comparison groups of participants with commonly …

Practice Guideline Recommendations Summary: Treatment Of Tics In People With Tourette Syndrome And Chronic Tic Disorders, Tamara Pringsheim, Michael S. Okun, Kirsten Muller-Vahl, Davide Martino, Joseph Jankovic, Andrea E. Cavanna, Douglas W. Woods, Michael Robinson, Elizabeth Jarvie, Veit Roessner, Maryam Oskoui, Yolanda Holler-Managan, John Piacentini

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Objective

To make recommendations on the assessment and management of tics in people with Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders.

Methods

A multidisciplinary panel consisting of 9 physicians, 2 psychologists, and 2 patient representatives developed practice recommendations, integrating findings from a systematic review and following an Institute of Medicine–compliant process to ensure transparency and patient engagement. Recommendations were supported by structured rationales, integrating evidence from the systematic review, related evidence, principles of care, and inferences from evidence.

Results

Forty-six recommendations were made regarding the assessment and management of tics in individuals with Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders. These include …

Determining A Transitional Scoring Link Between Promis® Pediatric And Adult Physical Health Measures, David S. Tulsky, Pamela A. Kisala, Aaron J. Boulton, Alan M. Jette, David M. Thissen, Pengsheng Ni, Darren A. Dewalt, I-Chan Huang, Yang Liu, M. J. Mulcahey, Mary Slavin, Brooke E. Magnus, Holly Crump, Robin Hanks, Susan Charlifue, Bryce B. Reeve

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Purpose

Having independent versions of the PROMIS® scales (for Pediatric and Adults) is problematic as scores cannot be evaluated longitudinally as individuals move from childhood into adulthood. The primary aim of this research project is to use item response theory (IRT) to develop a transitional scoring link (or “crosswalk”) between the PROMIS adult and pediatric physical health measures.

Setting

Sample 1 was collected at 6 rehabilitation hospitals in the U.S., and participants in Sample 2 were recruited from public health insurance programs and an online research panel.

Methods

PROMIS pediatric and adult physical function, mobility, upper extremity, fatigue, and pain …

Establishment And Replication Of Emotion Regulation Profiles: Implications For Psychological Health, Samantha Chesney, Sydney Clare Timmer-Murillo, Nakia S. Gordon

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Background and Objectives: A promising method of capturing the complex nature of emotion regulation is to assess composite profiles of regulation (i.e., default pattern of regulation across multiple strategies). However, it remains unclear whether regulatory profiles demonstrate consistency across samples and in relation to mental health. Design: Two studies are presented here. Both utilized a cross-sectional design, and the second study presents a replication of the first. Method: Both studies utilized self-report data from independent undergraduate samples to perform latent profile analyses of emotion regulation use. Results: Studies 1 and 2 demonstrated evidence for four replicable regulatory profiles: Adaptive, Accepting …

Factors Associated With Decision‐Making Preferences Among Parents Of Infants In Neonatal Intensive Care, Elliott Mark Weiss, Brooke E. Magnus, Katherine Coughlin

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

The Relationship Between Identity Dimensions, Gender Conformity, And Satisfaction With Life, Alexandria Colburn

Master's Theses (2009 -)

There is a large body of evidence indicating physical and mental health disparities among marginalized populations. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between identity dimensions, gender conformity, and well-being. I anticipated that identification with a marginalized identity group would predict poorer satisfaction with life, compared to identification with a privileged group. In addition, I investigated the role of gender conformity as a possible interaction variable in the relationship between identity factors (assigned sex, age, race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation) and outcomes of satisfaction with life. A hierarchical multiple regression was used to investigate these hypotheses. Results …

Perspectives On Social Support And Stigma In Prep-Related Care Among Gay And Bisexual Men On Prep: A Qualitative Investigation, Juan Pablo Zapata

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately impacted by HIV. Today, one of the most effective and innovative HIV prevention tools available is pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Despite its remarkable effectiveness at preventing HIV transmission, awareness and uptake of PrEP as a prevention strategy has been slow to take hold. As evidenced in previous literature, experiences of stigma have been found to negatively impact psychological and physical stress, and medication adherence. Social support has been found to buffer against some of these psychological and behavioral responses. This study explored the psychosocial dimensions of PrEP use among MSM to promote …

Developing Functional Analysis-Informed Interventions To Reduce Mouthing In Dogs, Mindy Waite

Master's Theses (2009 -)

In human populations, the most efficacious behavioral interventions are function-based, which first requires identification of the behavioral function. The gold standard for isolation of the behavioral function is the functional analysis, which has been effectively used for decades on human behavior. However, companion animals also engage in behavior considered problematic by their human owners. In domesticated dogs, mouthing is a common behavior displayed by young dogs and is considered problematic by many human families. Without efficacious interventions, undesirable behavior in companion animals may result in reduced welfare, relinquishment, or even euthanasia of the animal. The purpose of this study was …

Teachers' Perspectives On Their Role In Fostering Supportive Relationships With Their Students, Jamee S. Carroll

Dissertations (1934 -)

Adolescence is a critical developmental period when the risk for developing several mental health disorders and problem behaviors increases. Promoting resilience, which describes healthy functioning in the presence of adversity, can be beneficial to this population (Masten, 2014). Supportive relationships with caring, competent adults contribute to the promotion of resilience in adolescents. Research demonstrates that teachers can serve in this role (Yeung & Leadbeater, 2010). While there is evidence in the literature regarding the benefits of supportive teacher-student relationships for positive youth outcomes and school climate, there is little empirical research on the factors that serve to cultivate these relationships. …

The Role Of Values Enculturation, Mental Health Stigma, & Attitudes About Treatment On Help-Seeking Intent Among Latinos, Natasha Suhail Najar

Dissertations (1934 -)

The current study examined how attitudes about psychological treatment and stigma toward mental illness influence the relationship between Latino cultural values (i.e., values enculturation) and their intention to seek psychological services. Using a sample of 220 Latino adults, multiple mediation analyses examined if the relationship between enculturation, operationalized as cultural pride and familismo; and intent to seek help from mental health provider was mediated by Latinos’ attitudes about psychological treatment (i.e., stigma tolerance and belief in psychologists’ expertness) and stigma toward mental illness. Further, it was hypothesized that depression would moderate the mediational pathway. The major findings indicated the Latino …

Mental Health Symptoms And The Reintegration Difficulty Of Military Couples Following Deployment: A Longitudinal Application Of The Relational Turbulence Model, Leanne K. Knobloch, Lynne M. Knobloch-Fedders, Jeremy B. Yorgason

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Objective

Understanding the factors that predict the reintegration difficulty of military couples during the postdeployment transition has important implications for theory, research, and practice. Building on the logic of the relational turbulence model, this paper evaluates the relationship processes of reunion uncertainty and reintegration interference from a partner as mediators of the connection between people's mental health symptoms and their difficulty with reintegration after deployment.

Method

Dyadic longitudinal data were collected from 555 US military couples once per month for 8 consecutive months.

Results

Findings mapped the trajectory of reintegration difficulty and suggested reunion uncertainty and reintegration interference from a …

Comparison Of Task Interspersal Ratios On Efficiency Of Learning And Problem Behavior For Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Sophie C. Knutson, Tiffany Kodak, Dayna R. Costell, Terra Cliett

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

The current study extends the literature on task interspersal (TI) by comparing the effects of four different TI ratios on the efficiency of skill acquisition and on levels of problem behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder and related disorders. The four ratios of TI were 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, and 0:1 mastered‐to‐acquisition tasks. An adapted alternating treatments design was implemented to compare the cumulative number of stimuli mastered, mean training time to mastery, rate of acquisition, and the level of problem behavior. The results showed that the 0:1 condition was the most efficient intervention procedure for all four participants. In …

“We Almost Had The Whole Block's Phone Number On The Wall”: A Mixed Methods Investigation Of Informal Helping In A Predominantly Rural Sample, Matthew Hagler, Sherry L. Hamby, Victoria Banyard, John H. Grych

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Community psychologists have noted the limitations of professional models of mental health treatment, demonstrating that people are more likely to use informal familial or community support during adversity. However, relatively little is known about the forms and functions of informal help seeking and provision. Semistructured interviews (N = 170), in which a sample of predominantly rural‐dwelling adolescents and adults described significant life experiences, were coded for instances of receiving help. Codes thematically categorized the type of adversity, role of the helper, and nature of the help received. Most participants (67.64%) reported the presence of at least one informal helper; only …

A Comparison Of Stimulus Set Size On Tact Training For Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Tiffany Kodak, M. Nerissa Halbur, Samantha Bergmann, Dayna R. Costello, Brittany Benitez, Miranda Olsen, Ella Gorgan, Terra Cliett

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Previous studies on skill acquisition have taught targets in stimulus sets composed of different numbers of stimuli. Although the rationale for selection of a stimulus set size is not clear, the number of target stimuli trained within a set is a treatment decision for which there is limited empirical support. The current investigation compared the efficiency of tact training in 4 stimulus set sizes, each of which included 12 stimuli grouped into (a) 4 sets of 3 stimuli, (b) 3 sets of 4 stimuli, (c) 2 sets of 6 stimuli, and (d) 1 set of 12 stimuli. Results of all …

Interrogating The Genetic Determinants Of Tourette’S Syndrome And Other Tic Disorders Through Genome-Wide Association Studies, Douglas W. Woods, Tourette Association Of America International Consortium For Genetics, Gilles De La Tourette Gwas Replication Initiative, Tourette International Collaborative Genetics Study, Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Tourette Syndrome Working Group

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Objective:

Tourette’s syndrome is polygenic and highly heritable. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) approaches are useful for interrogating the genetic architecture and determinants of Tourette’s syndrome and other tic disorders. The authors conducted a GWAS meta-analysis and probed aggregated Tourette’s syndrome polygenic risk to test whether Tourette’s and related tic disorders have an underlying shared genetic etiology and whether Tourette’s polygenic risk scores correlate with worst-ever tic severity and may represent a potential predictor of disease severity.

Methods:

GWAS meta-analysis, gene-based association, and genetic enrichment analyses were conducted in 4,819 Tourette’s syndrome case subjects and 9,488 control subjects. Replication of top …

The Acceptance And Action Questionnaire – Ii: An Item Response Theory Analysis, Clarissa W. Ong, Benjamin G. Pierce, Douglas W. Woods, Michael P. Twohig, Michael E. Levin

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Psychological flexibility is the act of being open to internal experiences while pursuing valued life directions and has been implicated in positive mental health. A lack of psychological flexibility has been implicated in a wide range of mental health problems. In most research, assessment of psychological (in) flexibility has been done with the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire – II (AAQ-II), yet researchers have noted that items on the AAQ-II may not adequately discriminate between responses to experiences and the experiences themselves. Furthermore, little research has examined whether items on the AAQ-II function as intended in terms of assessing psychological (in) …