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Articles 31 - 60 of 1825
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Open-Minded Cognition And Transmission Of Norms, Mia Jasmine Martinez
Open-Minded Cognition And Transmission Of Norms, Mia Jasmine Martinez
Master's Theses
This research aimed to explore general and general normative open-minded cognition, respectively, as shaped by prominent social figures (i.e., normative referents). The administered survey included two distinct measures in attempt to estimate the amount and/or severity of influence each referent possesses over the participants, GOMC (i.e., General Open-Minded Cognition) and GNORM (i.e., General Open-Minded Cognition as determined by normative standards). The research hypothesized the GNORM of the determinants: Caregivers, Teachers, Community Leaders, and Peers, have a statistically significant affect over both the GOMC and GNORM of the participants, due to the fundamental psychological authority each determinant maintains over the participant …
Examining The Sexual Identity Disclosure Process Among Black Queer Femmes And Their Families, Kaylah Denis
Examining The Sexual Identity Disclosure Process Among Black Queer Femmes And Their Families, Kaylah Denis
Master's Theses
Existing queer identity development theories often overlook the unique intersectional experiences of Black queer femmes (BQF), limiting their applicability and effectiveness in addressing the challenges faced by this population. Traditional models typically emphasize "coming out" to friends and family as a key step towards identity integration and self-actualization. However, these frameworks may not adequately capture the complexities faced by BQF, who navigate tensions between their racial/ethnic and LGBTQ+ identities. This study aimed to: 1) explore BQF experiences related to disclosing their sexual minority status to family members, 2) understand family members' responses to these disclosures, and 3) identify factors influencing …
The Ingroup-Outgroup Effect: Effects On Open And Closed-Minded Cognitive Style, Ava Jackson Dempsey
The Ingroup-Outgroup Effect: Effects On Open And Closed-Minded Cognitive Style, Ava Jackson Dempsey
Dissertations
Prior research provides evidence of an Ingroup-Outgroup effect on open-mindedness, specifically, that group membership (ingroup or outgroup) influences Situation-Specific Open-Minded Cognition (SOMC), the intention to be open-minded. Researchers have found that group members were more open-minded towards critics of their ingroup when criticism came from ingroup, as opposed to outgroup members, and that this effect was mediated by normative entitlement (SNORM), that is, how open-minded participants feel they “should be”. The present study aimed to extend these findings, examining actual manifestations of open-minded cognition, as opposed to how open-minded participants say they would be. The present study tested whether political …
Bilingual Latinx Adolescents Experiences In A Predominantly White Institution: A Mixed Method Study, Danieli Marie Mercado Ramos
Bilingual Latinx Adolescents Experiences In A Predominantly White Institution: A Mixed Method Study, Danieli Marie Mercado Ramos
Dissertations
Extent scholarship has provided insight into how Latinx adolescents actively experience exclusion. These adolescents are often the targets of microaggressions tied to their language (Gonzalez et al., 2018), ethnicity, race, and intersecting identities--such as being bilingual Latinx students--which serve as reminders that they do not belong. However, little is known about Spanish-English bilingual Latinx adolescents and how their heritage language plays a role in predominantly white spaces and institutions. This convergent parallel mixed methods study explored how Spanish-English bilingual Latinx students in the Midwest described their experiences in a predominantly white institution (PWI). A total of 42 Spanish-English bilingual Latinx …
Capturing Diverse Adolescents’ Social Contexts: The Development Of An Ethnic-Racial Microaffirmations Scale For Peer Interactions, Maria Radulescu
Capturing Diverse Adolescents’ Social Contexts: The Development Of An Ethnic-Racial Microaffirmations Scale For Peer Interactions, Maria Radulescu
Dissertations
The development of a strong and positive sense of ethnic-racial identity (ERI) has been identified as an asset for ethnically and racially marginalized adolescents. Peer interactions during the adolescent years can support ERI development. In particular, a subtle micro-level form of peer support—microaffirmations—may be protective for ERI processes. However, the field of microaffirmations is very small, and there is no scale that captures adolescents’ experiences of ethnic-racial microaffirmations from their peers. The current study developed an ethnic-racial peer microaffirmations scale based on extant literature and feedback from 4 focus groups with 22 sophomore high school students. Findings indicated that 5 …
“What’S Happening In The Gulf Of Maine?”: Middle School Students’ Engagement In Climate Science Through Data Visual Representation And Reflections, Grace Ocular
Dissertations
This study examined how middle school students engaged with science concepts while working with data visualizations during a field trip learning experience. Fifty-one teams of 2–4 students from 35 schools participating in the LabVenture program were video- and audio-recorded. Students completed two activities: one using a frequency table of marine species illustrating threats to Maine’s lobster population, and another using maps depicting changes in Gulf of Maine sea surface temperature. After each activity, students annotated the visualization, discussed their claims, and recorded short reflections. Transcripts were coded for science-related talk, and annotations and gestures were also analyzed. Findings indicate that …
Systematic Review Examining How Black Youth In The United States Cope With Stressful And Traumatic Experiences, Marcus Aaron Flax
Systematic Review Examining How Black Youth In The United States Cope With Stressful And Traumatic Experiences, Marcus Aaron Flax
Dissertations
Coping is an important behavioral skillset that youth use to emotionally regulate after experiencing stress or trauma. Research has repeatedly highlighted the stressors that Black youth experience, often finding that Black youth face higher levels of stress and trauma than their White peers. However, there has been a lack of research in understanding how Black youth cope with these higher levels of stress. This systematic review includes 72 studies (N = 16,205 participants) examining the frequency and effectiveness of coping strategies used by Black youth in response to a trauma or stressor, along with the associations between utilized coping strategies …
Experiences And Perceptions Of Gaslighting In The Workplace, Lauren Flanagan
Experiences And Perceptions Of Gaslighting In The Workplace, Lauren Flanagan
Dissertations
The topic of gaslighting has gained increasing traction over the last several years. People have begun researching it in real-world settings such as relationships, politics, and the workplace. Furthermore, researchers have looked at the effects it has on the victim. However, there has been limited research on how one might react to an instance of gaslighting. This study examines how the victim’s race and the perpetrator’s position of power influence third parties’ recommendations on how to handle a scenario of workplace gaslighting. Psychology 101 students (N = 154) were randomly assigned to a 2 (race of victim: white vs black) …
Sel For Well-Being And Equity In Higher Education, Colleen Conley, Deborah Donahue-Keegan
Sel For Well-Being And Equity In Higher Education, Colleen Conley, Deborah Donahue-Keegan
Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works
The understood overarching purpose of higher education is to prepare students, typically young adults, with the knowledge and skills needed to navigate, thrive in, and be contributing members of society (Hurtado, 2019). In this time of unprecedented cross-sectoral complexity and volatility on a global scale, institutions of higher education must consider a more expansive set of learning and competency outcomes (Gopalan et al., 2022). This paradigm shift is essential given the alarming rise in mental health challenges on college and university campuses, deep polarization, and an increased demand for prosocial skills in workplaces across sectors (Dermody et al., 2022; Padurean …
A Fisher Information Theory Of Aesthetic Preference For Complexity, Sébastien Berquet, Hassan Aleem, Norberto M. Grzywacz
A Fisher Information Theory Of Aesthetic Preference For Complexity, Sébastien Berquet, Hassan Aleem, Norberto M. Grzywacz
Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works
When evaluating sensory stimuli, people tend to prefer those with not too little or not too much complexity. A recent theoretical proposal for this phenomenon is that preference has a direct link to the Observed Fisher Information that a stimulus carries about the environment. To make this theory complete, one must specify the model that the brain has about complexities in the world. Here, we develop this model by first obtaining the distributions of three indices of complexity measured as normalized Shannon Entropy in real-world images from seven environments. We then search for a parametric model that accounts for these …
Bipoc Counseling And Health Service Psychology Graduate Students’ Experience Of Racism And Sense Of Belonging: A Conditional Mediation Analysis Of Coping And Social Support, Erica Pinney
Dissertations
This study sought to understand the relationship between experiences of racism within academic settings and sense of belonging to the field of Counseling/Health Service Psychology (C/HSP) for BIPOC graduate students. Further, this study sought to understand the potential mediating role of engagement coping in this relationship, as well as the conditional effect of high, neutral, or low perception of race-related social support from faculty/peers. Two-hundred forty-nine BIPOC C/HSP students responded to survey questions measuring frequency of racial/ethnic microaggressions, sense of belonging to C/HSP, engagement styles of coping with racism (Education/Advocacy and Resistance), and perception of availability of racism-related social support …
Early Childhood Foundations Of Adolescents' Critical Consciousness In Under-Resourced And Minoritized Communities: The Roles Of Prosocial Behavior And Cognitive Self-Regulation In Middle Childhood, Zahra F. Naqi-Hasnain
Early Childhood Foundations Of Adolescents' Critical Consciousness In Under-Resourced And Minoritized Communities: The Roles Of Prosocial Behavior And Cognitive Self-Regulation In Middle Childhood, Zahra F. Naqi-Hasnain
Dissertations
As Black and Latino teens from under-resourced backgrounds remain vulnerable to oppressive forces, critical consciousness has emerged as a developmental asset that involves understanding, reflecting upon, and acting against inequitable social structures. However, scholars have yet to determine how critical consciousness may fit into a developmental framework, leaving unanswered questions regarding the roots of adolescents’ critical consciousness. By integrating sociopolitical and developmental frameworks, this dissertation empirically examined how early environmental factors and individual competencies set the stage for critical consciousness during adolescence, via prosocial and self-regulatory skills during middle childhood. Longitudinal data were drawn from the Chicago School Readiness Project …
Examining How Adolescents From Underrepresented And Minoritzed Backgrounds View And Navigate Their Racial Ethnic Identity: Exploring The Impact Of Dominant Narratives And Counternarratives On Racial Ethnic Identity, Jesus Eduardo Ramos
Dissertations
This study delves into the impact of dominant narratives on the perceptions of Racial Ethnic Identity (REI) among adolescents from underrepresented, minoritized backgrounds and assesses the effects of counternarrative interventions. It explores how racially oppressive messages in education and media shape self-perception and examines the potential of counternarratives in challenging stereotypes, promoting critical thinking, and advancing social justice. Utilizing a qualitative cross-case study design, the research involved 8 participants aged 12-14 who identified as Hispanic/Latino or Black/African. Data collection methods included demographic questionnaires, semi-structured pre- and post-intervention interviews, and reflection logs. The analysis employed constant comparison techniques and data triangulation …
Identifying And Characterizing Cognitive Profiles In Midlife Females: A Latent Profile Analysis, Hannah Hagy
Identifying And Characterizing Cognitive Profiles In Midlife Females: A Latent Profile Analysis, Hannah Hagy
Dissertations
Females are at two-thirds greater risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) than males. Due to this notable sex difference in cognitive aging and disease burden, there has been an increased focus on understanding the critical role of the menopausal transition (decline in fertility during midlife) as it relates to cognitive functioning across midlife. Thus, the present cross-sectional study used a sample of midlife females at different stages in the menopausal transition (N=202; Age 40-60 years) as part of a larger, multimodal design study, to elucidate distinct cognitive profiles while accounting for education, which were then characterized by other demographic factors, …
Generations After Us (Undergoing Stress): An Exploration Of Interpersonal Violence And Loss On Psychosocial Functioning At The Parent, Child, And Family Level, Kaleigh Valencia Wilkins
Generations After Us (Undergoing Stress): An Exploration Of Interpersonal Violence And Loss On Psychosocial Functioning At The Parent, Child, And Family Level, Kaleigh Valencia Wilkins
Dissertations
Previous studies propose that interpersonal violence and loss, parenting, and attachment each individually contribute to child and family distress. The following studies aimed to further explore these effects across and within various generational groupings. The first study explored exposure to community violence at the parent level and at the child level in an attempt to understand how such stress impacts parents’ perceptions of family functioning in African-American and Latine families. Findings suggested that family functioning is weakened the most when both a parent and adolescent are exposed and when just a parent was exposed. The second study examined differences in …
Napping, Sleep, And Affect In Adolescents: A Daily Diary And Actigraphy Study, Elizabeth Rea
Napping, Sleep, And Affect In Adolescents: A Daily Diary And Actigraphy Study, Elizabeth Rea
Dissertations
Adolescents in the United States do not typically attain enough quality sleep at night due to a combination of biological maturation and academic and social commitments, leading to poor cognitive, mental, and physical health outcomes. Naps may compensate for inadequate sleep; however, little is known about how napping affects nocturnal sleep and mood over time among adolescents who are poor sleepers. The present study used daily diary and actigraphy data collected over 15 days in a sample of evening-chronotype, poor sleeping adolescents (n=99; Mage=15.85 (SD=0.99); 44% Male, 55% Female; 46% White, 30% Black, 12% More than one race, 8% Other, …
Resiliency And Positive Childhood Experiences: Implications For Black Youths' Mental And Behavioral Health And School Engagement, Sharnequa Nashay Hunter
Resiliency And Positive Childhood Experiences: Implications For Black Youths' Mental And Behavioral Health And School Engagement, Sharnequa Nashay Hunter
Dissertations
Two independent studies were conducted to examine the buffering impact of positive childhood experiences on Black youths’ mental and behavioral health and school engagement outcomes. The purpose of Study 1 was to investigate the potential moderating effects of positive childhood experiences on the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and the occurrence of mental or behavioral health conditions (anxiety, depression, ADHD/ADD, and/or a behavioral/conduct problem) and school engagement, using secondary data from the 2020 National Survey of Children’s Health, a survey completed by primary caregivers. The study sample included 2,201 Black youth ages 6-17 across the United States. Logistic regression and …
Understanding Stress, Strengths, And Strategies To Support Immigrant Youth: A Bundled Dissertation, Sarah Jolie
Understanding Stress, Strengths, And Strategies To Support Immigrant Youth: A Bundled Dissertation, Sarah Jolie
Dissertations
In the study of child development and mental health of Latine and immigrant and refugee youth, it is necessary to understand their cultural experiences and stress experiences in the U.S. The present project aims to address culture, stress, and the development of internalizing outcomes among Latine, immigrant, and refugee youth across two important stages of development: middle childhood and adolescence. The first study provides a comprehensive review of Latine children’s immigration experiences, the effects of exposure to multiple stressors, cultural factors, and intervention implications. The second study provides a focused examination of the impact of two culturally relevant stressors among …
Asian Americans’ Experiences Of Covid-Related Discrimination: Collective Identity, Critical Consciousness, And Intergroup Solidarity, Han Na Lee
Dissertations
The outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has stirred fear and panic with a surge of anti-Asian hate in the United States. Racial discrimination was exacerbated by labeling COVID19 as “the Chinese virus” and blaming Asians and Asian Americans as the source of the virus. Within the exacerbated xenophobic and racist rhetoric since the COVID outbreak in 2019, racial discrimination was amplified towards anyone who phenotypically presented as “Asian.” It is unclear how various Asian ethnic individuals identify with their Asian American identity while experiencing the intensified discrimination. Specifically, experiencing COVID-related racism and group-based rejection may increase or decrease Asian …
Comparing Caregiver-Teacher-Adolescent Mental Health Reporting: Examining Changes Over Time And Related Outcomes Among Youth Involved In The Child Welfare System, Jennifer Osborne
Comparing Caregiver-Teacher-Adolescent Mental Health Reporting: Examining Changes Over Time And Related Outcomes Among Youth Involved In The Child Welfare System, Jennifer Osborne
Dissertations
The benefits of psychological assessment are particularly salient for children and youth in the child welfare system, as youth in contact with the system are more likely to experience mental health symptoms, disorders, and comorbidities as compared to youth in the general population. These assessments often utilize multiple reporters, as emerging evidence indicates that utilizing multiple more effectively captures the mental health experiences of children and youth. However, the extant literature has consistently observed only low-to-moderate (i.e., .2-to-.3) agreement across informants, including among dyads in contact with the child welfare system. Several factors are associated with level of agreement across …
Associations Between Neighborhood Factors And Adherence In Youth With Spina Bifida: The Mediating Role Of Parental Stress And Youth Internalizing Symptoms, Breana Lyn Bryant
Associations Between Neighborhood Factors And Adherence In Youth With Spina Bifida: The Mediating Role Of Parental Stress And Youth Internalizing Symptoms, Breana Lyn Bryant
Master's Theses
Spina bifida (SB) is a birth defect that impacts physical, medical, and neuropsychological functioning. Physical complications like hydrocephalus and bladder dysfunction require daily adherence to complex medical regimens. Additionally, youth with SB are more likely to have symptoms of anxiety and depression which can impact their ability to master their regimens. Evidence in other pediatric populations have examined the impact of family factors, like parental stress, and individual-level predictors of self-management outcomes, yet few have examined how the broader context, like neighborhoods, impact outcomes. Therefore, the current study examined (1) the level of the neighborhood vulnerability and acute healthcare services …
Development And Preliminary Validation Of The Internalized Heterosexist Racism Measure For Sexual Minorities Of Color, Juan Pantoja-Patino
Development And Preliminary Validation Of The Internalized Heterosexist Racism Measure For Sexual Minorities Of Color, Juan Pantoja-Patino
Dissertations
Research on intersectional internalized oppression among sexual minorities of color is scant. One of the reasons as to why such oppression is understudied amongst such population is the lack of psychological measures. At the same time, sexual minorities of color are faced with the negative impact of living in a racist and heterosexist society. Therefore, this study is one of first to develop and preliminarily validate the Internalized Heterosexist Racism Measure (IHRM) that evaluates internalized heterosexist racism in sexual minorities of color. By applying an intersectionality framework, the IHRM was generated from an extensive literature review and then reviewed by …
Exploring The Relationship Between Partner Boundary Flexibility Congruence And Well-Being Outcomes While Work From Home During Covid: The Mediation Of Dyadic Empathy, Huaying Li
Dissertations
This study integrates person-environment fit theory and boundary theory to examine the influence of congruence in work and family boundary management on the well-being of couples working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. Focusing on the differences in work and family boundary management preferences between spouses, the study assesses the effects on dyadic empathy (empathic concern and perspective-taking), marital satisfaction, and job performance. Utilizing latent congruence modeling with survey data from 222 US employees, the study reveals that congruence (difference) in family flexibility between couples negatively impacts empathic concerns and perspective-taking. Conversely, actual transitions between work and family positively influence …
Savoring And Bereavement; Exploring Whether Savoring Can Be Used As An Interventional Tool For Grieving Older Adults, Ajla Basic
Dissertations
Relational savoring is the idea that savoring can be achieved through focusing on a critical relationship with another person and then extracting the positivity from that relationship (Borelli, et al., 2020). Relational savoring differs from regular savoring because in the former, it is the savoring of memories within a relationship that has attachment, and where the memories themselves have attachment-based content (i.e., protection, support, love) (Borelli, et al., 2020). This proposed study would seek to answer the question of whether relational savoring can act as a protective barrier against psychological distresses a bereaved person may experience by priming and enhancing …
Morality And Power: The Influence Of Individual Differences And Situational Factors On Ethical Decision Making, Mallory Rose Smith
Morality And Power: The Influence Of Individual Differences And Situational Factors On Ethical Decision Making, Mallory Rose Smith
Master's Theses
Decision making is a process we see, encounter, and engage in all the time. Many of the choices made by people every day have little, if any, relation to ethics. However, many of the important decisions people make do have potential implications for others and ethical considerations would be relevant. Due to the prevalence of less-than-ethical decisions, it is important to gain a better understanding of when, and why such decisions are made. Several factors that influence ethical decision making have been identified in the literature. Two of the more prevalent research topics involve situational factors and individual differences. The …
The Impact Of Risk And Trust On Confrontations Of Sexism: The Role Of Goals, Emily H. Budde
The Impact Of Risk And Trust On Confrontations Of Sexism: The Role Of Goals, Emily H. Budde
Dissertations
Sexism is still persistent in the United States (Swim et al., 2001), especially in the workplace (Fitzgerald, 1993; Loy & Stewart, 1984), leading to many negative outcomes for women. Unfortunately, there is an assumption in America that targets of bias will confront the perpetrator in the moment. However, this is often not the case leading to a disconnect in society at the cost of the target (Gutek & O’Connor, 1995). Looking at targets’ decision-making process and the factors that influence it can provide more context for why targets respond the way they do. I tested whether behaviors following bias (i.e., …
The Role Of Affect In Regulating The Influence Of Belief Superiority On Open-Minded Cognition And Information Selection Bias, Whinda Yustisia
The Role Of Affect In Regulating The Influence Of Belief Superiority On Open-Minded Cognition And Information Selection Bias, Whinda Yustisia
Dissertations
Previous studies show that people high in belief superiority tend to hold higher attitude confidence and certainty, increasing information selection bias. However, it remained unclear why and when such an effect occurred. Two studies were conducted to address these questions. Study 1 aimed to examine the effect of belief superiority on information selection bias and its potential mediator: situation-specific open-minded cognition (SOMC). In line with the logic of earned dogmatism hypothesis, I posit that belief superiority induces a sense of entitlement to be close-minded, consequently leading to information selection bias. In study 2, I examined the role of affect (happy/sad) …
Exploring The Relationship Of Social Dominance Orientation, Symbolic Ableism, And Support For Mitigation Implementation With Exposure To A Health Threat, Samantha Chambers
Exploring The Relationship Of Social Dominance Orientation, Symbolic Ableism, And Support For Mitigation Implementation With Exposure To A Health Threat, Samantha Chambers
Master's Theses
Social Dominance Theory (Sidanius & Pratto, 1999) proposes that groups of individuals in society are organized in social hierarchies that place dominant groups at the top of the hierarchy and subordinate, disadvantaged groups at the bottom. Research on prejudice, discrimination, and intergroup relations has largely focused on sexism and arbitrary-set hierarchies (e.g., race), leaving the idea of a health hierarchy largely neglected. Recently, Raoul (2023) presented the theoretical framework of a health-based social hierarchy, and the present study is an application of this framework. The aims of this study were to a) replicate previous findings by Raoul (2023) that found …
Understanding Political Rigidity: Exploring The Epistemic Underpinnings Of Political Ideology, Chad Mitchel Osteen
Understanding Political Rigidity: Exploring The Epistemic Underpinnings Of Political Ideology, Chad Mitchel Osteen
Dissertations
The ideology as motivated social cognition model conceptualizes conservatism in terms of two unique constructs: political conservatism and psychological conservatism. The former pertains to a predisposition to specific ideological beliefs (e.g., resistance to change), while the latter pertains to the psychological traits that are associated with particular ideologies (e.g., negativity bias). Experimental research demonstrates the mechanistic relationship of epistemic motivations and emergent political behavior. Much of the evidence lies in explicitly ideological outcomes. The current proposal seeks to test the fundamental assumption in this body of work. This is the assumption that increased epistemic motivation should lead to a preference …
Feeling A Little Uneasy: A Comparative Discourse Analysis Of White And Bipoc College Students’ Reflective Writing About Systemic Racism, Brett Russell Coleman, Caitlyn Yantis
Feeling A Little Uneasy: A Comparative Discourse Analysis Of White And Bipoc College Students’ Reflective Writing About Systemic Racism, Brett Russell Coleman, Caitlyn Yantis
Center for Urban Research and Learning: Publications and Other Works
This critical discourse analysis compares the ways in which White and BIPOC college students discuss their experiences of an educational intervention meant to promote better understanding of systemic racism. We analyzed reflective writing produced by 11 White psychology students from a private liberal arts college in the eastern United States and 17 BIPOC students from a Human Services program at a public university in the western United States. White students engaged in whiteness discourse that distanced themselves from the realities of systemic racism and/or relieved the cognitive dissonance associated with the self- and group-image threat related to learning about systemic …