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Articles 361 - 390 of 818
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
The Efficacy Of Interactive Journaling® In Reducing Alcohol Use And Alcohol-Related Problems Among Mandated College Student Drinkers, Steven Lee Proctor
The Efficacy Of Interactive Journaling® In Reducing Alcohol Use And Alcohol-Related Problems Among Mandated College Student Drinkers, Steven Lee Proctor
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Alcohol use and alcohol-related problems remain serious public health and safety concerns on United States college campuses. Considerable research has amassed to support the efficacy of the Alcohol Skills Training Program (ASTP), most notably the Brief Assessment and Screening Intervention for College Students, in reducing alcohol use and alcohol-related problems among mandated and voluntary college student drinkers. The most recent outgrowth of the ASTP curriculum, CHOICES About Alcohol: A Brief Alcohol Abuse Prevention Program, is a self-guided, experiential writing process which utilizes Interactive Journaling®. The present study sought to evaluate the efficacy of CHOICES in reducing alcohol use and alcohol-related …
Construct Validity Of The Autism Spectrum Disorders-Child Version (Asd-C) And The Child Behavior Checklist (Cbcl), Kimberly Tureck Sheffield
Construct Validity Of The Autism Spectrum Disorders-Child Version (Asd-C) And The Child Behavior Checklist (Cbcl), Kimberly Tureck Sheffield
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Previous researchers have demonstrated that Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is related to increased prevalence of other psychological disorders. Comorbid disorders increase the difficulties in socialization and communication already experienced by children with ASD. These symptoms often require additional intervention techniques and should be identified as early as possible to beget the best prognosis. The Autism Spectrum Disorders – Child Version (ASD-C) is an informant based assessment battery specifically designed to measure symptoms of ASD, comorbid disorders, and challenging behavior in children with ASD. The reliability and validity of this assessment has been established in previous studies, but there is no …
Coworking: Crafting Lives Alongside Each Other, Claire Frances Taylor
Coworking: Crafting Lives Alongside Each Other, Claire Frances Taylor
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Coworking is a form of alternative work arrangement in which communities of individuals share common office and work space but are most often employed by different employers within different fields/industries (Foertsch, 2011). Despite its growing prevalence, coworking is nearly absent from the organizational literature. The present mixed methods study introduced and defined the construct of extent of coworking. Extent of coworking is conceptually defined in this research as the degree to which an individual spends her/his workweek coworking. Qualitative literature review was conducted to establish this construct, and qualitative interview data provided support for the definition. Using job crafting and …
Effects Of Brief Motivational Interviewing On Motivation For Weight Loss, Krystal Marie Waldo
Effects Of Brief Motivational Interviewing On Motivation For Weight Loss, Krystal Marie Waldo
LSU Master's Theses
Obesity rates have continued to increase over the past decade with a current estimate of 35.7% of adults who are obese in the United States. Several behavioral weight loss programs are available to individuals, which typically lead to a 10% decrease in body weight; however, most individuals begin gaining weight after six months. Long-term weight maintenance interventions may be needed to help individuals keep the weight off and more cost-effective, and tailored weight-loss treatments need to be available. Motivation may play an important role in long-term weight maintenance. Self-determination theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 1995) states that it is important …
Teachers' Perspectives On The Need And Acceptability Of School-Based Identification And Treatment For Children Exposed To Violence: A Mixed-Methods Approach, Rachel Marie Olinger
Teachers' Perspectives On The Need And Acceptability Of School-Based Identification And Treatment For Children Exposed To Violence: A Mixed-Methods Approach, Rachel Marie Olinger
LSU Master's Theses
Increasing research has emerged in the last decade focusing on interventions for youth experiencing difficulties due to traumatic experiences in their lives. In addition, recent literature has proposed that schools may in fact be an effective location for the delivery of mental health services to these children and, that teachers and school staff may be effective at implementing the proposed interventions. However, trauma is a broad term often used to describe a wide range of stressful situations for students, each of which has varying degrees of influence. With the increase of violence exposure for youth in their homes, schools, and …
Feedback As A Source Of Criterion Noise In Recognition Memory, Bryan Franks
Feedback As A Source Of Criterion Noise In Recognition Memory, Bryan Franks
LSU Master's Theses
In two experiments, I investigated whether providing accuracy feedback on recognition memory tests affects discriminability of encoded targets from lures. The primary hypothesis was that feedback is a source of criterion noise which leads to lower discriminability. Additionally, it was predicted that separate sources of criterion noise might have additive effects. In both experiments, the presence of feedback was manipulated within-subjects. In Experiment 1, participants completed two recognition tests in which they made either “old/new” decisions or responded using an 8-point confidence scale. Feedback lowered discriminability for both response type conditions, although a slightly larger deleterious effect was observed in …
Autism Severity And Comorbid Symptoms In Children With Asd, Jina Jang
Autism Severity And Comorbid Symptoms In Children With Asd, Jina Jang
LSU Master's Theses
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are reported to evince high rates of comorbid symptoms. Co-occurring disorders among individuals with ASD are often difficult to assess and diagnose accurately. Also, comorbid conditions frequently exacerbate symptoms of ASD. Different treatment regimens may be effective for comorbid symptoms in ASD; however, research looking at comorbid symptoms and ASD is limited. The current study aimed to extend the literature in this area by examining the relationship between ASD and comorbid symptoms. First, the current study assessed how often and how severely comorbid symptoms were endorsed. Further, autism severity was used to predict comorbid …
The Effect Of Habituation And Changes In Cognition On Anxious Children's Performance On The Wisc-Iv, Franziska Noack
The Effect Of Habituation And Changes In Cognition On Anxious Children's Performance On The Wisc-Iv, Franziska Noack
LSU Master's Theses
Researchers have shown that children with anxiety disorders perform worse on intelligence tests than children with no diagnosable disorders. At this point, two theories have been put forth to describe the direction of this relationship: anxiety results in lowered test performance, and underlying cognitive deficits result in the development of anxiety. Lowered test performance as a result of anxiety may either be due to attention-deficits due to state anxiety or anxiety-elicited difficulties with long-term retention and learning. The purpose of this study was to further examine the first theory: that clinical levels of anxiety can hamper intelligence test performance in …
The Moderating Effect Of Gender On The Relationship Between Socialization And Internalizing Problems In Early Childhood, Hilary Lynn Adams
The Moderating Effect Of Gender On The Relationship Between Socialization And Internalizing Problems In Early Childhood, Hilary Lynn Adams
LSU Master's Theses
Researchers in the field of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have confirmed that comorbidities are a common problem among diagnosed individuals. Current estimates suggest that more than two thirds meet criteria for an additional diagnosis of psychopathology. In particular, rates of several internalizing problems (i.e., anxiety, depression) appear to be greater for individuals with ASD than their typically developing counterparts. However, little research has been conducted examining factors apart from autism symptomatology that could influence this prevalence difference. Additionally, it is well established that anxiety and depression are more common in females than males in the general population. However, few studies …
Examination Of The Relationship Between School Climate And Other School-Based Factors And Teacher Self-Efficacy, Elise C. Mciver
Examination Of The Relationship Between School Climate And Other School-Based Factors And Teacher Self-Efficacy, Elise C. Mciver
LSU Master's Theses
Years of failed school reform speak to the need for a larger body of evidence that prioritizes the factors documented to be pivotal to student success. Research consistently demonstrates that teachers may be the most influential factor; therefore, it is necessary to critically understand the skills and personal competencies retained by highly effective teachers. One such competency is teacher self-efficacy, which is broadly defined as a belief in one’s abilities to influence student achievement. The construct has been shown to relate to a host of positive outcomes for both teachers and students. Given the significance of and implications for teacher …
Memory Self-Efficacy And Beliefs About Memory Controllability In Late Life, Bethany A. Lyon
Memory Self-Efficacy And Beliefs About Memory Controllability In Late Life, Bethany A. Lyon
LSU Master's Theses
The Selective Optimization with Compensation (SOC) model for lifespan development (Baltes & Baltes, 1990) holds that as we age, our goals change from growth to maintenance. When people face difficulties, they work to minimize losses in order to maintain skills they already have physically, mentally, and socially. Thus, we compensate when possible in order to maintain the life we have established. In the case of memory people assume that there is little they can do when memory starts to fail and forgetfulness becomes more prominent. In the present research, we examine memory self-appraisals to provide new evidence on memory self-efficacy …
Examination Of The Differential Effectiveness Of Interdependent And Dependent Group Contingencies In Reducing Disruptive Behavior In The Classroom, Kelsey Lynn Hartman
Examination Of The Differential Effectiveness Of Interdependent And Dependent Group Contingencies In Reducing Disruptive Behavior In The Classroom, Kelsey Lynn Hartman
LSU Master's Theses
Disruptive behavior in the classroom negatively affects all students’ academic engagement, achievement, and behavior. Group contingencies have been proven effective in reducing disruptive behavior as part of behavior interventions in the classroom. The Good Behavior Game is a classwide intervention that employs an interdependent group contingency to diminish disruptive behavior. Previous research comparing the effects of the different group contingencies has been inconclusive, inconsistent or unable to rule out sequence effects. This study employed an alternating treatments design across 3 elementary classrooms to compare the effectiveness of interdependent and dependent group contingencies in decreasing disruptive behavior. Results showed that the …
What To Expect When You're Expecting: Gaps In Utility Perceptions Of The Online Adult Learner, Byron Shane Lowery
What To Expect When You're Expecting: Gaps In Utility Perceptions Of The Online Adult Learner, Byron Shane Lowery
LSU Master's Theses
The adult learner can be defined as someone who, while enrolled in an academic institution, is involved in other major life responsibilities such as work or family obligations. Recently, there has been an increase in the number working adults pursuing a college education. However, empirical research regarding the job-related utility of obtaining this education is limited. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly important to examine not only the expectations regarding how a degree may be useful for career advancement, but the work and life outcomes associated with obtaining the degree as well. This study examined job-related utility perceptions for obtaining an …
Premature Birth As A Factor In Autism Spectrum Disorder, Rachel Lichtenstein Goldin
Premature Birth As A Factor In Autism Spectrum Disorder, Rachel Lichtenstein Goldin
LSU Master's Theses
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by pervasive delays in socialization, communication, and repetitive behaviors and restricted interests. While there is a growing body of evidence on the etiology of ASD, there are a limited number of studies examining factors which may impact the differentiation of ASD compared to other developmental disabilities. Additionally, few studies have examined factors which may predict level of ASD symptom severity. The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether premature birth occurs more commonly in infants and toddlers (17-37 months) with ASD than those with atypical development. A secondary aim of this study …
The Contribution Of Comorbid Symptomology To The Social Skill Deficits In Infants And Toddlers With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Paige Elizabeth Cervantes
The Contribution Of Comorbid Symptomology To The Social Skill Deficits In Infants And Toddlers With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Paige Elizabeth Cervantes
LSU Master's Theses
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and the presence of restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior or interests. The onset of ASD symptomology occurs prior to 30 months of age; however, typical diagnosis is made at 3 to 4 years old. Early identification of ASD is imperative for more effective treatment and a bettered prognosis. The evaluation and treatment of ASD is complicated by high rates of comorbid psychopathology. When an individual presents with ASD and a co-occurring disorder, symptoms may manifest differently. Utilizing the Baby and Infant Screen for Children with …
Everything Is Alright: Parental Positive Impression Management In Assessment Of Anxious Youth, Megan Elizabeth Kirkpatrick
Everything Is Alright: Parental Positive Impression Management In Assessment Of Anxious Youth, Megan Elizabeth Kirkpatrick
LSU Master's Theses
Lifetime prevalence rates of anxiety disorders in youth are substantial and range from 6-15%. Valid evidence-based assessments are therefore of critical importance in screening pediatric clients. Assessment of childhood disorders requires multi-informant data (e.g., parents, teachers, child); however, this presents a host of obstacles not found in adult assessment. No single source represents the gold standard and it is therefore up to the judgment of the clinician to integrate often conflicting information. Parents’ reports of their children's symptomology may be marred by their own anxious or depressive symptoms as well as conflict due to differing motivations, values, and goals. This …
The Effects Of A Test-Taking Skills Intervention On Test Anxiety And Test Performance In 4th Graders, Meredith T. Harris
The Effects Of A Test-Taking Skills Intervention On Test Anxiety And Test Performance In 4th Graders, Meredith T. Harris
LSU Master's Theses
Increases in standardized testing have been accompanied by increased reports of test anxiety in younger students. School-based test anxiety interventions can be implemented to decrease test anxiety and improve test performance. Skill-based interventions have effectively addressed both of these variables; however, the research has primarily targeted secondary and university students. The purpose of the current study was to determine if a test-taking skills intervention would decrease test anxiety and improve test performance in 4th grade students. Results indicated that the test-taking skills intervention resulted only in a minor decrease in test anxiety that maintained at 1-month follow-up. Effects on test …
Effort-Based Decision-Making In Schizotypy, Jessica Elaina Mcgovern
Effort-Based Decision-Making In Schizotypy, Jessica Elaina Mcgovern
LSU Master's Theses
Avolition/apathy, defined as reduced initiation of or persistence in goal-directed behavior, is a pernicious, core negative symptom of schizophrenia. While deficits in effort-based decision-making have been proposed to underlie negative symptom deficits, it remains unknown whether subjective or objective motivation deficits are evident in individuals with elevated schizotypy, a trait associated with putative latent liability of developing psychosis. Thus, the present study examined whether and how objective and subjective motivation deficits manifest in individuals high (n = 57) versus low (n = 58) in schizotypy traits (based on a median-split of total experience scores on the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire –Brief …
Factor Analysis And Cut-Off Scores For The Autism Spectrum Disorders-Observation For Children, Megan Alice Hattier
Factor Analysis And Cut-Off Scores For The Autism Spectrum Disorders-Observation For Children, Megan Alice Hattier
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Optimal prognoses for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) often rely upon early intervention; thus, there has been a call for reliable and valid assessment tools in order to ensure accurate diagnoses among youth at risk for developmental disabilities (DDs) such as autism. The target of this paper is to inspect the underlying factor structure of a recently developed observation tool for assessing autistic symptoms, the Autism Spectrum Disorders – Observation for Children (ASD-OC). More importantly, cutoff scores were also developed for clinical use in order to distinguish between those with and without an ASD. Given that marked changed were …
Multivariate Generalizability Of Writing Curriculum-Based Measurement (Cbm): An Examination Of Form, Occasion, And Scoring Method, Katherine Hunter Chenier
Multivariate Generalizability Of Writing Curriculum-Based Measurement (Cbm): An Examination Of Form, Occasion, And Scoring Method, Katherine Hunter Chenier
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Curriculum-based measurement (CBM) is an assessment technique that has become increasingly popular in schools, gaining importance with the recent national emphasis on school and teacher accountability for student achievement. CBM is used to monitor student performance to provide an indicator of which students are at-risk of not achieving grade level standards and thus are in need of intervention. CBM is easy to administer, utilizes standard procedures, and provides measures indicative of general achievement in various domains. The utility of CBM to measure student ability in writing has been well-established. However, there is a paucity of technical adequacy research for writing …
Does Subtype Matter?: Comparing The Effects Of A Self-Monitoring Intervention On Adhd-C And Adhd-I, Caleb James Corwin
Does Subtype Matter?: Comparing The Effects Of A Self-Monitoring Intervention On Adhd-C And Adhd-I, Caleb James Corwin
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Recently Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) research has been confronted with questions regarding the subtype distinctions. Millich, Ballantine, and Lyman (2001) have claimed that ADHD – Combined Type (ADHD-C) and ADHD – Predominantly Inattentive Type (ADHD-I) are “distinct and separate disorders.” As important as this distinction is diagnostically, it is, possibly equally important with regards to treatment. Multiple pharmacological studies have compared the responsiveness of ADHD-C and ADHD-I to stimulant medications, yet the results are often conflicting (e.g. Grizenko, Paci, & Joober, 2010; Solanto et al., 2009; Stein et al., 2003). To date, only one study has compared ADHD subtypes with respect …
Evaluating Teaching Efficiency In Reading And Spelling Instruction, Sarah Joanne Miller
Evaluating Teaching Efficiency In Reading And Spelling Instruction, Sarah Joanne Miller
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Reading and spelling are essential skills for a student’s educational success. The current literature on spelling instruction has examined a variety of spelling modalities, but has never directly compared written versus oral spelling. There are theoretical and empirical indications that either method may be superior to the other. Thus, study one directly compared written and oral spelling instruction for their rates of spelling acquisition as well as generalization to reading. The results of study 1 indicated that written spelling was superior to oral spelling in rates of acquisition of both spelling and reading accuracy. Previous research has also indicated that …
Evaluating The Efficacy And Acceptability Of Videoconferencing In School-Based Behavioral Consultation, Aaron Jason Fischer
Evaluating The Efficacy And Acceptability Of Videoconferencing In School-Based Behavioral Consultation, Aaron Jason Fischer
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
School-based behavioral consultation is a way of providing psychological services to students through their teachers. This indirect service delivery model has been shown to be effective for improving academic and behavioral concerns. Typically, school-based behavioral consultation is conducted face-to-face (in-vivo) between consultants (psychologists) and consultee’s (teachers); however, current technologies have provided an alternative medium to communicate, via videoconferencing. Videoconferencing has been shown to be an effective alternative to face-to-face communication across many different practice domains and applications. Videoconferencing in schools, particularly for school-based behavioral consultation, may be a viable alternative. The proposed study evaluated the efficacy and acceptability of videoconferencing …
Working Memory, Processing Speed, And Academic Achievement In Adults With Adhd, Alyse Barker Blanchard
Working Memory, Processing Speed, And Academic Achievement In Adults With Adhd, Alyse Barker Blanchard
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
In Barkley’s (1997a, 1997b) model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), he proposes that working memory deficits resulting from ADHD may cause impairments in reading comprehension. ADHD has been associated with poorer processing speed and working memory as well as academic underachievement in some studies. However, more research is needed examining the relationship between ADHD, working memory, processing speed, and academic achievement in adults to help elucidate the neuropsychological correlates of ADHD and their potential impact on academic functioning. The aim of the current study is to examine the relationship between ADHD, verbal working memory performance, processing speed, and academic achievement in …
Differential Examination Of Disgust In Spider, Blood-Injection, And Contamination Fear: Self-Reported And Attention-Based Assessment Of Differences, Whitney Shay Jenkins
Differential Examination Of Disgust In Spider, Blood-Injection, And Contamination Fear: Self-Reported And Attention-Based Assessment Of Differences, Whitney Shay Jenkins
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Biased attention toward threat has been demonstrated across anxiety disorders as well as among nonclinical samples. While such studies have produced findings of attentional bias for fear-related or threatening stimuli, other types of emotionally laden stimuli have been ignored. This study sought to examine the experience and impact of disgust on individuals experiencing various types of anxiety, which may play a more significant role than fear in some disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and some specific phobias. Specifically, this study examined self-reported disgust and attentional bias in relation to disgust and threatening stimuli. A modified dot-probe task with pictorial …
Examining The Boundary Conditions Between Cognitive Control And Interference Derived From Stimulus-Based And Response-Based Conflict, Jonathan D. Tall
Examining The Boundary Conditions Between Cognitive Control And Interference Derived From Stimulus-Based And Response-Based Conflict, Jonathan D. Tall
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Cognitive control is a broad construct that defines a set of processes involved in maintaining task goals in response to interference. Working memory capacity (WMC) is a similarly defined construct that shares many overlapping functions with cognitive control. The studies presented used controlled forms of interference to identify limits, or boundary conditions, that could help clarify the relationship between cognitive control and WMC. Experiment 1 used context effects to manipulate how interference and cognitive control could overlap. A spatial Stroop/Simon task was used in which proportion congruency for each subset (e.g., Simon or spatial Stroop) was manipulated to produce a …
The Role Of Recursive Remindings On Memory Updating Of Emotional Stimuli, Tanya Karam
The Role Of Recursive Remindings On Memory Updating Of Emotional Stimuli, Tanya Karam
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
It has been argued that emotional memories are harder to update than neutral memories (Novak & Mather, 2009; Sakaki, Niki, & Mather, 2012) and that the cause is that emotional memories are subject to greater levels of proactive interference. This explanation was questioned in this paper and another explanation – the recursive reminding hypothesis (Hintzman, 2004) was considered. This hypothesis was used to explain the previous findings by suggesting that the remindings embedded in emotional memory representations are stronger than neutral remindings (as supported by a preliminary experiment) and therefore attract attention internally during re-presentation, resulting in less attention toward …
A Longitudinal Model Of Posttraumatic Stress And Posttraumatic Growth In Adults Affected By Hurricane Katrina, Mark Allen Schexnaildre
A Longitudinal Model Of Posttraumatic Stress And Posttraumatic Growth In Adults Affected By Hurricane Katrina, Mark Allen Schexnaildre
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Numerous studies have documented the negative psychological outcomes in individuals who experienced Hurricane Katrina. However, little is known about the long-term adjustment of hurricane-exposed individuals, especially with regard to positive outcomes, in the years after the storm. Specifically, few studies have measured posttraumatic growth (PTG), which refers to positive psychological change achieved by individuals who struggled with a traumatic experience. In their model of PTG, Tedeschi and Calhoun theorize that a certain level of trauma-related psychological distress and disruption is necessary for PTG to develop. The current study attempted to test the PTG model with a longitudinal path analysis of …
Do Tight Deadlines And Dirty Diapers Fuel Or Fizzle The Next Big Thing? The Differential Effect Of Work And Non-Work Stressors On Employee Creativity, Rachel Trout
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
As our society has transitioned from an economy built on production to one built on knowledge, employee creativity has become necessary for organizations seeking to gain and maintain profits. Therefore, the focus of this dissertation was to investigate how an employee’s social environment, specifically stressors from their work and non-work roles, impacts their ability to generate new ideas at work. Two independent studies were conducted. Within Study 1, the challenge-hindrance framework was integrated with the componential model of creativity (Amabile, 1983) to determine how individual factors interacted with work and non-work stressors. Although main effects were present, moderation was not …
Longitudinal Predictors Of School Problems In Youth Affected By Hurricane Katrina, Julia Elizabeth Thompson
Longitudinal Predictors Of School Problems In Youth Affected By Hurricane Katrina, Julia Elizabeth Thompson
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
In the wake of Hurricane Katrina, youth faced significant disruption to their lives due to the storm damage and, for many, long-term evacuation. One domain of functioning that faced significant threat because of this disruption was student engagement. The purpose of this study was to examine predictors of student engagement, as measured by the BASC-2-SRP School Problems scale, in youth affected by the Hurricane Katrina over four time points (3-7 months, 13-17 months, 19-22 months and 25-27 months post-Katrina). Participants included 426 youths living in New Orleans and the surrounding parishes at the time Hurricane Katrina made land-fall. Examined predictors …