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Articles 271 - 300 of 788

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Effects Of Positive Bedtime Routines On Sleep In Toddlers, Mallory Osterloo Jan 2012

Effects Of Positive Bedtime Routines On Sleep In Toddlers, Mallory Osterloo

Masters Theses

Establishment of a consistent bedtime routine is often recommended to parents of toddlers. Few studies have investigated the efficacy of implementing a bedtime routine, without additional behavioral intervention. Sixty-one parents and their toddler (ages 18- 48 months, n = 61) were given written information regarding a positive bedtime routine to examine the effects on bedtime-resistance and improving parent mood. This study found that institution of a consistent nightly bedtime routine with non sleep-disordered toddlers may improve some aspects of bedtime resistance (i.e., calling out), increase sleep duration during the night, and improve parent's negative mood. However, there was no change …

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The World Is Not Flat: Can People Reorient Using Slope?, Daniele Nardi, Nora S. Newcombe, Thomas F. Shipley Jan 2011

The World Is Not Flat: Can People Reorient Using Slope?, Daniele Nardi, Nora S. Newcombe, Thomas F. Shipley

Faculty Research and Creative Activity

Studies of spatial representation generally focus on flat environments and visual input. However, the world is not flat, and slopes are part of most natural environments. In a series of 4 experiments, we examined whether humans can use a slope as a source of allocentric, directional information for reorientation. A target was hidden in a corner of a square, featureless enclosure tilted at a 5° angle. Finding it required using the vestibular, kinesthetic, and visual cues associated with the slope gradient. In Experiment 1, the overall sample performed above chance, showing that slope is sufficient for reorientation in a real …

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Relations Among Academic Enablers And Academic Achievement In Children With And Without High Levels Of Parent-Rated Symptoms Of Inattention, Impulsivity, And Hyperactivity, Michelle Demaray, Lyndsay Jenkins Jan 2011

Relations Among Academic Enablers And Academic Achievement In Children With And Without High Levels Of Parent-Rated Symptoms Of Inattention, Impulsivity, And Hyperactivity, Michelle Demaray, Lyndsay Jenkins

Faculty Research and Creative Activity

This study examined the relationships among academic enablers (i.e., engagement, interpersonal skills, motivation, study skills) and academic achievement in children with and without high levels of parent-rated symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity (Symptoms of IIH Group). The study included 69 participants (29 [42%] in the IIH Group and 40 [58%] in the Comparison Group), with 33 boys and 36 girls in the third through fifth grades. The researchers found significant differences on the measure of academic enablers, including engagement, interpersonal skills, motivation, and study skills, in which participants in the Comparison Group received higher scores. In addition, several academic …

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Familial Factors And Attachment Styles Of Male And Female Adult Children Of Alcoholics, Kristina M. Decker Jan 2011

Familial Factors And Attachment Styles Of Male And Female Adult Children Of Alcoholics, Kristina M. Decker

Masters Theses

In the United States, alcohol use disorders represent some of the most prevalent mental health disorders. Research has begun to explore parental alcoholism and its impact on children and families. The present study sought to examine the relationship between parental alcoholism and adult attachment styles in adult children of alcoholics (A CO As), as well as the relationship with several familial factors such as gender of the alcoholabusing parent, family cohesion, family satisfaction, parent-child attachment, physical abuse, and verbal abuse. A sample of 223 college students completed a series of measures on parental alcoholism, family cohesion, family satisfaction, parent-child attachment, …

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Knowing Whose [Sic] Calling: Telephone Telepathy, Clint Harvey Jan 2011

Knowing Whose [Sic] Calling: Telephone Telepathy, Clint Harvey

Masters Theses

This study focuses on the possible role of mental telepathy in perceiving the identity of telephone callers before the caller is known through the normal senses. Many people report that this phenomenon occurs frequently in their day-to-day lives prompting controlled laboratory experimentation. The data was collected during the summer of 2010. One of the most important goals in determining the existence of mental telepathy involves the replication of different modes of research in different laboratory settings. This research attempts to replicate data Rupert Sheldrake collected during the beginning part of this century, in which he reported significant findings from studies …

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Submissive And Dominant Sexual Cognitions Of College Women With A History Of Sexual Abuse, Jisun Kelly Park Jan 2011

Submissive And Dominant Sexual Cognitions Of College Women With A History Of Sexual Abuse, Jisun Kelly Park

Masters Theses

The study investigated the effect of timing of sexual abuse on sexual cognitions of submission and dominance. Female college students completed questionnaires containing reports of history of sexual abuse, sex guilt, social desirability, and sexual cognitions. The results show that the childhood and the adulthood abused group have more frequent positive sexual cognitions, more frequent arousal to sexual cognitions, and higher intensity of sexual arousal to these sexual cognitions. The frequency of overall cognitions was the most significant predictor in predicting all submission and dominance sexual cognitions variables. This study while replicating previous findings that survivors of sexual abuse tend …

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Behavioral Risk Factors Of Non-Suicidal Self-Injurious Behavior In A Community Sample Of Adolescents, Sarah Ritter Jan 2011

Behavioral Risk Factors Of Non-Suicidal Self-Injurious Behavior In A Community Sample Of Adolescents, Sarah Ritter

Masters Theses

This study examined group differences of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents on four behavioral risk factors: risk behaviors, peer victimization, substance use, and weight related behaviors. It was hypothesized that adolescents who engaged in NSSI within the past year would endorse more risk behaviors than adolescents who did not engage in NSSI. It was further hypothesized that the higher the frequency with which an adolescent engaged in NSSI, the more risk factors they would report. Frequency was divided into three groups: "more frequently" (6 + times in the past year), "less frequently" (1-5 times in the past year) and "no …

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Finding The Path Within The "Ego Tunnel": A Buddhist Approach To Tackling The Problems Of A Western Self, Bryan James Hinman Jan 2011

Finding The Path Within The "Ego Tunnel": A Buddhist Approach To Tackling The Problems Of A Western Self, Bryan James Hinman

Masters Theses

If many of the problems associated with a Western sense of self stem from its penchant for distorting reality, it follows that to free ourselves from its grasp we would need to implement an alternative way to view our experience accurately, such as that described in the Buddhist doctrine of no-self. The dangers of becoming attached to the Western self are outlined, as well as the means of transcending them through accurate self-assessments gained from insights of no-self. In addition, considerable research is reviewed that supports this idea by suggesting that Western constructs similar to no-self, like the "quiet" ego, …

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Relationship Between Indirect Aggression And Social Anxiety In A College Sample, Jennifer A. Kusy Jan 2011

Relationship Between Indirect Aggression And Social Anxiety In A College Sample, Jennifer A. Kusy

Masters Theses

Indirect aggression, a nonphysical form of aggression, has received increased attention in research because of the manipulative nature of the act. While it usually occurs during the preadolescent and adolescent years, research has started to examine its effects in young adult and adult populations. This study examined the link between indirect aggression and social anxiety and social avoidance in a sample of college students. Four distinct groups of aggressors were identified (perpetrator, victim, both, neither), with the majority of students indicating they have had no experience with indirect aggression. Results indicated that those who experienced indirect aggression in some form …

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Effects Of Statewide Training On Functional Behavioral Assessment (Fba) Knowledge, Kendra L. Brading Jan 2011

Effects Of Statewide Training On Functional Behavioral Assessment (Fba) Knowledge, Kendra L. Brading

Masters Theses

Positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS) is a 3-tiered approach to eliminating problem behaviors by replacing them with appropriate behaviors. PBIS implementation differs depending on the tier. Implementation at Tier 1 focuses on school-wide prevention of problem behaviors. Tier 2 involves diminishing current problem behavior cases at the classroom-level. In Tier 3, a functional behavioral assessment (FBA) is conducted, which evaluates the problem behaviors and determines antecedents and consequences of the behaviors so that an intervention can be planned. Training educators to conduct FBAs is linked to appropriately and accurately implementing FBAs. This study examined pre and posttest scores to …

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Children's Emotion Regulation And Social Anxiety, Generalized Anxiety, And Depressive Symptoms, Monica Renee Karsai Jan 2011

Children's Emotion Regulation And Social Anxiety, Generalized Anxiety, And Depressive Symptoms, Monica Renee Karsai

Masters Theses

Emotion regulation is necessary for a child to adapt to and function well in the environment. Problems in child emotion regulation have been linked with numerous negative outcomes. This paper reviews the current literature linking child social anxiety, generalized anxiety, and depression to emotion regulation. In addition, the relationship between parent symptomatology and child emotion regulation is discussed. A mediated model that examines the association between maternal social anxiety and the three symptom clusters (i.e., social anxiety, generalized anxiety, and depressive symptoms), with child emotion regulation as a mediator, was tested. Contrary to the hypotheses, child emotion regulation did not …

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Do You "Like" Your Body?: The Effect Of Facebook Investment On Self-Objectification, Body Shame, And Disordered Eating, Chandra Feltman Jan 2011

Do You "Like" Your Body?: The Effect Of Facebook Investment On Self-Objectification, Body Shame, And Disordered Eating, Chandra Feltman

Masters Theses

The model derived from objectification theory proposing that body shame mediates the relationship between self-objectification and disordered eating has been empirically supported in numerous past studies. The present study extended the research on objectification theory by first examining this model in a sample of 71 female undergraduates and then investigating what effect Facebook investment had on the study's variables. Participants completed self-report questionnaires assessing selfobjectification, body shame, disordered eating symptoms, and Facebook investment. Results demonstrated that body shame fully mediated the relationship between selfobjectification and disordered eating. Analyses also revealed Facebook investment to be a significant predictor of self-objectification in …

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Panic!: Anxiety Sensitivity, Perceived Stress, And Social Support As Predictors Of Uncued Panic Attacks In College Students, Julie Lynn Kaspar Jan 2011

Panic!: Anxiety Sensitivity, Perceived Stress, And Social Support As Predictors Of Uncued Panic Attacks In College Students, Julie Lynn Kaspar

Masters Theses

Uncued panic attacks are prevalent in the college student population. In the current study, anxiety sensitivity, perceived stress, and social support were explored as predictors of uncued panic frequency. Additionally, family support and close friend support were compared. A sample of 117 college students from Eastern Illinois University were assessed using an online survey that included a one-item uncued panic frequency measure, the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Child and Adolescent Social Support Scale-College Version (College CASSS). Results indicated that all three predictors were significant when tested independently. When placed in a hierarchical regression, …

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Role Of Exercise On Psychological Health Of College Students, Shannon L. Goering Jan 2011

Role Of Exercise On Psychological Health Of College Students, Shannon L. Goering

Masters Theses

Campus recreation centers have been gradually developing within the past decade to not only serve as recruitment tools for perspective students, but to promote better physical health in college students. Also throughout recent years, researchers have linked participation in physical activity to improved mental health. Targeting the college-aged population, the present study examined the relationship between physical activity and psychological well-being in college students, specifically those who use the student recreation center (SRC) on campus. A sample of 210 university students completed various measures to assess overall psychological well-being (i.e., level of mood, selfesteem, stress, & life satisfaction) and regular …

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Perceptions Of Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder And Treatment Acceptability: Cultural Trends, Sarah Girresch Jan 2011

Perceptions Of Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder And Treatment Acceptability: Cultural Trends, Sarah Girresch

Masters Theses

A survey study, usmg a convenience sample, was conducted to assess relationships between adult perceptions of childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and treatment acceptability. Trends in perceptions about ADHD were also examined among African Americans, European Americans, and Hispanics. Ninety (90) participants completed questionnaires developed by the authors that evaluated beliefs about the etiology of ADHD, sources of information used to learn about ADHD, perceptions of stigma associated with ADHD, trust in the system, and attitudes about treatments. Participants overwhelmingly expressed a neutral perspective regarding ADHD-related perceptions. However, beliefs about etiology, endorsement of nonprofessional information sources, and trust in the system …

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Differential Predictors Of Overt And Relational Aggression In Outpatient Youth, Andrea Hadley Jan 2011

Differential Predictors Of Overt And Relational Aggression In Outpatient Youth, Andrea Hadley

Masters Theses

Youth overt (OA) and relational (RA) aggression are linked to future maladjustment and problems such as delinquency, poor academic achievement, and depression (Crick, Ostrov, & Werner, 2006). Although these two types of aggression overlap, overt and relational aggression have been consistently identified as distinct forms of aggression. Researchers explored the overlap between overt and relational aggression and review differential predictors of these aggressive behaviors in a sample of clinically- referred youth ages 8 to 1 7. Youth and parent beliefs about overt and relational aggression, psychopathology, conduct problems, and parenting styles as differential predictors for overt and relational aggression were …

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Test-Retest Reliability Of The Acters-2, Alaine A. Benson Jan 2011

Test-Retest Reliability Of The Acters-2, Alaine A. Benson

Masters Theses

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) is one of the most commonly studied and diagnosed psychiatric disorders in children. Behavior rating scales are often utilized in the assessment and treatment monitoring for AD/HD. This study investigated the testretest reliability of the ADD-H Comprehensive Teacher's Rating Scale 2nd Edition (ACTeRS-2). The ACTeRS-2 rating scale is comprised of four behavior subscales, which include conduct areas frequently displayed by children with AD/HD. The subscales consist of Attention, Hyperactivity, Social Skills, and Oppositional behavior items. For the purpose of this study, data were collected on 124 students in third, fifth, and sixth grade who attended public …

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School-Based Support As A Mediator Between Homophobic Bullying And Depression In Sexual Minority Youth, Jamie Henkelman Jan 2011

School-Based Support As A Mediator Between Homophobic Bullying And Depression In Sexual Minority Youth, Jamie Henkelman

Masters Theses

School-based support as a mediator between the relationship of homophobic bullying during high school and depression later on was examined retrospectively using a sample of 195 participants who identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or questioning. Participants were recruited from a Midwestern state via email and social networking sites through their college campus' Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender campus groups. The survey was conducted online and used the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale to measure depression symptoms. The modified version of the Gay Lesbian and Straight Education Network's Community Climate survey was used to measure schoolbased support and homophobic bullying. Results …

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Siblings Of Children With Autism: A Family Systems Approach, Mina Ohata Jan 2011

Siblings Of Children With Autism: A Family Systems Approach, Mina Ohata

Masters Theses

In the present study, experiences and perceptions of siblings of children with an autism spectrum disorder, as well as their mothers, were examined using family systems theory as a guideline. Because previous researchers reported inconsistent findings related to possible positive and negative effects of having a sibling with an autism spectrum disorder, the present study collected descriptive data by means of interviews in order to obtain in-depth information. Five siblings (ages ranged from 6 to 14) of children with an autism spectrum disorder and their mothers participated in the study and described in their own words their experiences of having …

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The Relationship Between School Belongingness And Drop Out Rates, Lauren Sanders Jan 2011

The Relationship Between School Belongingness And Drop Out Rates, Lauren Sanders

Masters Theses

The present study investigated the relationship between several measures of school belongingness and drop out rates for 22 high schools in a Midwestern state. Measures of school belongingness were taken from students' responses to the adapted version of the Center for Disease Control for the Department of Health and Human Service's Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). Results indicated that the relationship between items addressing school belongingness (i.e., the student's feeling comfortable in, being respected in, feeling that school contributes to his or her experience in an important way, and feeling connected to the larger school community) and drop out rates …

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A Between Subjects Analysis Of The Additive Interspersal Technique For Multiplication Assignments, Lindsay A. Nash Jan 2011

A Between Subjects Analysis Of The Additive Interspersal Technique For Multiplication Assignments, Lindsay A. Nash

Masters Theses

Adding easy problems to an assignment with more difficult target problems, known as additive interspersal, has demonstrated the potential to enhance students' perceptions of assignments and also seem to be preferred over non-interspersal assignments. The purpose of this study is to examine the additive interspersal method accomplished by using assignment types (3 x 2 multiplication) that are relevant to the participants (fifth grade students) as well as using a between-subjects design. Specifically, this study examined student's ratings of difficulty, time to complete, and effort required to complete mathematics assignments. In addition, the effects of the different pairs of math assignments …

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Happiness And Me: An Exploratory Study Of Parental And Romantic Attachments And Self-Esteem And Their Effects On Adulthood Body Image Dissatisfaction, Stephanie Kibble Jan 2011

Happiness And Me: An Exploratory Study Of Parental And Romantic Attachments And Self-Esteem And Their Effects On Adulthood Body Image Dissatisfaction, Stephanie Kibble

Masters Theses

In this study, the author investigated parental attachments, self-esteem, and romantic satisfaction as they related to the cognitive and affective components of the selfconcept when represented through Body Image Dissatisfaction (BID). The study was a within-subject design with 70 participants. They participants were instructed to report their feelings about each of these variables through 4 questionnaires. Individuals with low self-esteem identified as having increased BID as compared to those individuals with high self-esteem. Compared with those who reported supportive parental attachments, individuals with a highly overprotective mother reported higher BID. Multiple regression analysis indicated that gender had no significant impact …

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Using Alternating Treatment Design To Determine Math Interventions For Linear Equations, Bridget Mckenna Jan 2011

Using Alternating Treatment Design To Determine Math Interventions For Linear Equations, Bridget Mckenna

Masters Theses

Although algebraic skills are vital to continuing success in higher order mathematics, few studies have examined the effectiveness of mathematics interventions with high school students. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of four mathematics interventions, contingent reinforcement, repeated practice, mathematic problem previewing, and immediate corrective feedback, with six students working on linear equations. Three participants were performing instructional level and four at frustration level. After a curriculum based assessment and baseline, an alternating treatment design examined the effectiveness of each intervention across participants. The distance between the data and the x axis was analyzed to determine …

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School Attachment And The Use Of Alcohol Among Rural High School Students, Michelle L. Weiler Jan 2011

School Attachment And The Use Of Alcohol Among Rural High School Students, Michelle L. Weiler

Masters Theses

The present study examined the relationship between school attachment and alcohol use in rural communities to determine if students with high levels of school attachment were less likely to participate in alcohol use. Participants included 4,768 high schools students in the largest rural geographic educational region in the state of Illinois. The students participated in a program called I Sing the Body Electric and completed a survey which asked questions including how well students are attached to their school and alcohol use. Chi square goodness of fit tests were used to analyze student's reporting of school attachment, how old they …

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Marital Behavior, Oxytocin, Vasopressin, And Wound Healing, Jean-Phillipe Gouin, Jeffrey R. Stowell, C. Sue Carter, Hossein Pournajafi-Nazarloo, Ronald Glasser, William B. Malarkey, Timothy J. Loving, Janice K. Kiecoltglaser Aug 2010

Marital Behavior, Oxytocin, Vasopressin, And Wound Healing, Jean-Phillipe Gouin, Jeffrey R. Stowell, C. Sue Carter, Hossein Pournajafi-Nazarloo, Ronald Glasser, William B. Malarkey, Timothy J. Loving, Janice K. Kiecoltglaser

Faculty Research and Creative Activity

Animal studies have implicated oxytocin and vasopressin in social bonding, physiological stress responses, and wound healing. In humans, endogenous oxytocin and vasopressin levels covary with perceptions of relationship quality, marital behaviors, and physiological stress responses. To investigate relationships among marital behavior, oxytocin, vasopressin, and wound healing, and to determine the characteristics of individuals with the highest neuropeptide levels, 37 couples were admitted for a 24-hour visit in a hospital research unit. After small blister wounds were created on their forearm, couples participated in a structured social support interaction task. Blister sites were monitored daily following discharge to assess wound repair …

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Slope-Driven Goal Location Behavior In Pigeons, Daniele Nardi, Kristian P. Nitsch, Verner P. Bingman Jan 2010

Slope-Driven Goal Location Behavior In Pigeons, Daniele Nardi, Kristian P. Nitsch, Verner P. Bingman

Faculty Research and Creative Activity

A basic tenet of principles of associative learning applicable to models of spatial learning is that a cue should be assigned greater weight if it is a better predictor of the goal location. Pigeons were trained to locate a goal in an acute corner of an isosceles trapezoid arena, presented on a slanted floor with 3 (Experiment 1) or 2 (Experiment 2) orientations. The goal could be consistently determined by the geometric shape of the arena; however, its position with respect to the slope gradient varied, such that slope position was not a good predictor of the goal. Pigeons learned …

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The Role Of Slope In Human Reorientation, Daniele Nardi, Nora S. Newcombe, Thomas F. Shipley Jan 2010

The Role Of Slope In Human Reorientation, Daniele Nardi, Nora S. Newcombe, Thomas F. Shipley

Faculty Research and Creative Activity

Studies of spatial representation generally focus on flat environments and visual stimuli. However, the world is not flat, and slopes are part of many natural environments. In a series of four experiments, we examined whether humans can use a slope as a source of allocentric, directional information for reorientation. A target was hidden in a corner of a square, featureless enclosure tilted at a 5° angle. Finding it required using the vestibular, kinesthetic and vis-ual cues associated with the slope gradient. Participants succeeded in the task; however, a large sex difference emerged. Men showed a greater ability in using slope …

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Oral Reading Fluency And Maze Selection For Predicting 5th And 6th Grade Students' Reading And Math Achievement On The Illinois Standards Achievement Test, Samuel Whitley Jan 2010

Oral Reading Fluency And Maze Selection For Predicting 5th And 6th Grade Students' Reading And Math Achievement On The Illinois Standards Achievement Test, Samuel Whitley

Masters Theses

This study sought to examine the relationship between two reading curriculum based measures ( oral reading fluency and MAZE) and the reading and mathematics subsections of the Illinois Standards Achievement Test (ISA T) at the 5th and 6th grades. It was predicted that MAZE would be better at predicting who would pass the ISAT than oral reading fluency. Bivariate correlations were conducted between each curriculum based measure and each subsection of the ISA T. Simple linear regression analyses were also conducted to derive cut scores for predicting ISAT performance. The ability of each curriculum based measure to predict student performance …

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The Big Five Personality Traits As Predictors Of Academic Maturity, Ryan W. Althoff Jan 2010

The Big Five Personality Traits As Predictors Of Academic Maturity, Ryan W. Althoff

Masters Theses

Big Five measures of personality have long been used to assess the relationship between personality and academic performance. The Academic Maturity Scale (AMS), a 101-item instrument designed to identify the skills, strategies, and motivations that are shared among successful students, has been shown to be correlated with academic performance (Addison, Althoff, & Pezold, 2009). In the present study, I assessed the relationship between personality characteristics and academic maturity, specifically which personality characteristics are the best predictors of academic maturity. I administered the Big Five Inventory (BFI; John, Donahue, & Kentle, 1991) and AMS to 163 students from introductory and upper …

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The Best Predictors Of Self-Reported Depressed Mood In Adolescents, Melissa H. Wineberg Jan 2010

The Best Predictors Of Self-Reported Depressed Mood In Adolescents, Melissa H. Wineberg

Masters Theses

The present study examined multiple predictors of depression simultaneously in order to determine which variables best predict self-reported depressed mood in adolescents. Although the current literature has identified several individual variables and their relationship to depression in adolescents, few studies have investigated multiple variables at the same time in relation to depression. Participants included 4,693 high school students from a Midwestern state. Of these students, 4 7% were girls, 4 7% were boys, and 6% did not indicate their gender. These students attended various high schools across seven counties and were recruited for a health prevention program called I Sing …

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