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Articles 1441 - 1470 of 1681

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Don't Deny It: Cultural Patterns In Coping With Stress, Bryan J. Jensen, Julianne Lunstad-Holt, Patrick Steffen, Bruce Brown Apr 2010

Don't Deny It: Cultural Patterns In Coping With Stress, Bryan J. Jensen, Julianne Lunstad-Holt, Patrick Steffen, Bruce Brown

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Stress is a part of everyday life. One important way that stress influences our health is by increasing blood pressure. Research has consistently reported that foreign‐born Mexicans have lower blood pressure than Caucasians 1. This surprises many, since foreign‐born Mexicans are typically more socioeconomically under advantaged 2. Numerous psychosocial factors such as social support and perceived control have been shown to moderate this socioeconomic status (SES)‐health gradient3, but surprisingly li1le work has been done examining how perceived stress and coping strategies influence this relationship. The current study seeks to examine how the psychological factors of perceived stress and coping influence …


Marcia’S Identity Statuses In Comparison With Time Management Habits, Anu O'Neill, David Rackham, Mary Finley, Scott C. Steffensen Apr 2010

Marcia’S Identity Statuses In Comparison With Time Management Habits, Anu O'Neill, David Rackham, Mary Finley, Scott C. Steffensen

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

This study found that time management correlates with Marcia's Identity Status theory. Marcia's Identity Status reflects on the four different levels of identity: achievement, foreclosure, moratorium, diffusion. Identity can consist of things such as reasons for going to school, what career they want and knowing what accomplishments they are working towards. Identity and time usage are related because as a person know what is important to them they know how they want to use their time. We are hoping to see the strength of identity in how time is allocated.


The Effect Of Positive Affect On Memory, Jenna Gardner, Jeremy Ashworth, Brittney Rasmussen, Erin D. Bigler Apr 2010

The Effect Of Positive Affect On Memory, Jenna Gardner, Jeremy Ashworth, Brittney Rasmussen, Erin D. Bigler

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

The majority of positive affect research has been studied in relation to mental flexibility and creative thinking, with a smaller emphasis in the area of memory recall. Studies have specifically looked at the influence of positive affect as it relates to the following: creative problem solving (e.g., Mikulincer, & Sheffi, 2000, Estrada, Young, & Isen, 1994; Greene & Noice, 1988; Isen, Johnson, Mertz, & Robinson, 1985), improves recall of neutral and positive information (Isen, Shalker, Clark, & Karp, 1978; Nasby & Yando, 1982; Teasdale & Fogarty, 1979), promotes mental flexibility (Carnevale & Isen, 1986; Estrada, Isen, & Young, 1997; Isen …


Trpv1 Modulation Of Plasticity In The Hippocampus, Curtis Walther, M. Mors, J. Blickenstaff, B. Nelson Apr 2010

Trpv1 Modulation Of Plasticity In The Hippocampus, Curtis Walther, M. Mors, J. Blickenstaff, B. Nelson

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Learning and memory are phenomena made possible via physical changes at neuronal synapses in the brain, a process known as synaptic plasticity. Dysfunctions in synaptic plasticity contribute to such diseases and disorders as Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and retrograde amnesia (Brunetal., 2001). Recently, TRPV1 activation was shown to mediate synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus (Gibsonetal., 2008). TRPV1 is a presynaptic ligand-gated calcium (Ca2+) channel located throughout the CNS, including in the hippocampus. TRPV1 channels are activated by the binding of capsaicin, which is responsible for producing the “heat” of red peppers. Several studies implicate a role for TRPV1 in contextual …


Non-Target Incidental Memory And Associated Factors, Sean Peterson, Erin D. Bigler Apr 2010

Non-Target Incidental Memory And Associated Factors, Sean Peterson, Erin D. Bigler

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Students want to learn what is on the test, but professors want students to learn all the curriculum, tested or not. One compromise is through non-target incidental memory, which acts like peripheral vision, so that even though some material is emphasized, surrounding material is also processed and learned. The current study found a significant amount of incidental memory that did not vary with year in school or sex. Therefore, “teaching to the test” does not necessarily block all learning of other material: some of it is automatically learned as well.


Acupuncture Reduces Ethanol Inhibition Of Vta Gaba Neuron Activity And Ethanol Self-Administration: Role Of Endogenous Opioids, Jung J. Park, Bryan Blumell, Brian Hoyt, Mandy M. Foote Apr 2010

Acupuncture Reduces Ethanol Inhibition Of Vta Gaba Neuron Activity And Ethanol Self-Administration: Role Of Endogenous Opioids, Jung J. Park, Bryan Blumell, Brian Hoyt, Mandy M. Foote

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Acupuncture of the Shenmen(HT-7) channel has a strong inhibitory effect on ethanol(ETOH)-induced dopamine (DA) release and prevents the reduction of dopamine (DA) by chronic ETOH (Zhaoetal.,2006). GABA neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) regulate DA neuron activity and release in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). They also express mu-opioid receptors (Fig.1) and their firing rate is inhibited by ETOH andopioids (Fig.2).


Benefits And Applications Of Journaling: Exploring The Lower Boundary For Effective Dosage In Non-Clinical Populations, Ryan Hunsaker, Patrick Steffen Apr 2010

Benefits And Applications Of Journaling: Exploring The Lower Boundary For Effective Dosage In Non-Clinical Populations, Ryan Hunsaker, Patrick Steffen

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Written expressions of emotion have been shown to produce favorable outcomes in both spheres of physicalhealth and mentalhealth (Murray, 2009; Pennebaker, 2000). Although scientists have identified to some degree what the effects of journaling are, much less is known regarding exactly whenthis impact is most likely to occur (Pennebaker, 2000). Several studies have shown clinically significant benefits for brief journaling interventions (e.g., Greenberg, Wortman, & Stone, 1996; Burton and King, 2008), but the long-term benefits and the lowest dosages necessary for these benefits are debatable. The current study provides an opportunity to assay the therapeutic effects of a brief journaling …


Classical Music And Its Effects On Verbal And Nonverbal Memory Performance, Clarence Holbrook, Emily Hadlock, Jentri Rasmussen, Erin D. Bigler Apr 2010

Classical Music And Its Effects On Verbal And Nonverbal Memory Performance, Clarence Holbrook, Emily Hadlock, Jentri Rasmussen, Erin D. Bigler

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

The purpose of this study was to test the effect that music has on memory. To date there have been several studies done that fail to agree on the question of whether music affects memory. The fairly well-known phenomenon called the Mozart effect found that spatial-temporal memory increased due to exposure to classical music. This research is intended to determine whether the Mozart effect in fact increases verbal and nonverbal memory, employing the Rey-Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCFT).


Consistency Of Temperament Of In Group-Housed Infant Rhesus Monkeys (Macacamulatta) During The First Months Of Life, Joshua W. Kirton, Daniel Blocker, Kfir Orgad, James D. Higley Apr 2010

Consistency Of Temperament Of In Group-Housed Infant Rhesus Monkeys (Macacamulatta) During The First Months Of Life, Joshua W. Kirton, Daniel Blocker, Kfir Orgad, James D. Higley

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

While a wide number of studies have assessed temperament as a predictor of future personality or behavior, few studies have assessed its interindividual stability over the first few months of life in nonhuman primates. This laboratory study examined temperament in group-housed infant rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) assessing interindividual consistency from the second through fifth months of life using objective behavioral measures. Stability of temperament was measured by correlating (Pearson Product-Moment tests) individual differences in the frequency of 25 behaviors over months 2-5 of life in 88 mother-reared subjects. Two 5-minute sessions were recorded for subjects each week and the mean …


Pornography Addiction: Shedding Light On Internet Help Resources, Joshua Ruchty, Sam Hardy Apr 2010

Pornography Addiction: Shedding Light On Internet Help Resources, Joshua Ruchty, Sam Hardy

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

The purpose of this pilot study is to empirically evaluate the effectiveness of the Candeo Program by collecting self-reported improvement data from Candeo subscribers. Candeo is an online, subscription-based recovery program for pornography addiction. Candeo guides subscribers through 10 levels of instruction --including text, video, and interactive exercises –all aimed toward reshaping thought processes in order alter addictive behaviors.


Evidence Of Opinion: A Critical Analysis Of The Use Of Empirical Literature In Controversial Topics, David Erekson, Sasha Mondragon, Kiley Delange, Amelia Leetham Apr 2010

Evidence Of Opinion: A Critical Analysis Of The Use Of Empirical Literature In Controversial Topics, David Erekson, Sasha Mondragon, Kiley Delange, Amelia Leetham

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

The American Psychological Association (APA) and the National Association for Research and Therapy of Homosexuality (NARTH) use the same empirical sources as supporting evidence for differing views on the psychological treatment of sexual minorities. Given this discrepancy, we undertook a critical analysis of all sources commonly cited by APA and NARTH. We conclude that the sources have not been used consistently, and that this may be a product of differing beliefs surrounding a controversial issue.


Facebook And Self-Worth, Dallin Bywater, Chelsey Tautkus, Paul Moss, Dana Kearnes Apr 2010

Facebook And Self-Worth, Dallin Bywater, Chelsey Tautkus, Paul Moss, Dana Kearnes

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

It is already known that self-worth can be easily manipulated and diminished by disparagement. In response to this disparagement, one will then seek social gratification from their peers, which will work to bolster their damaged self-worth. One of the easiest ways for these disparaged people to seek social gratification is through Facebook use. However, it is not yet known if a decrease of self-worth leads to an increase in Facebook usage; if this relationship indeed exists, then we may be able to understand more about the link between self-worth and social networking. For example, it is possible that poor mental …


Drama, Drama, Drama, Trace W. Lund, Mckenzie Gibson, Megan Pixton, Brandon Chandler Apr 2010

Drama, Drama, Drama, Trace W. Lund, Mckenzie Gibson, Megan Pixton, Brandon Chandler

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Gender roles are set early in life (Condry & Ross, 1985). Boys are often encouraged in their rough-and-tumble play while girls are discouraged from it (Condry, 1985). Girls are treated as more fragile and are encouraged to act ladylike, including not inflicting physical harm upon others. Much of how we act in society, including aggression, is based on these social norms. The media is full of physically aggressive acts. School shootings, war, terrorism, assaults; the list goes on and on. Who do we imagine performing these tasks? Men or women? Research has shown it to be men (Zeichner, Parrott, & …


Effects Of Relationship Status On Gpa, Emily Albright, Chanel Carlile, Janae Kirkendall, Allyson Webber Apr 2010

Effects Of Relationship Status On Gpa, Emily Albright, Chanel Carlile, Janae Kirkendall, Allyson Webber

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Research on the effect of Relationship Status on GPA is very limited. Some studies find that individuals who date more frequently tend to have lower grades than those who don’t. Other studies have found that relationships can have a positive or a negative effect on GPA depending on other factors. However, most studies find that Relationship status doesn’t have an effect on GPA. We hypothesize that Single and Married individuals will have higher GPA’s than their dating counterparts. We further hypothesize that Single and Married people will also be more consistent in their academic achievement and that those who are …


Does Gender And Marital Status Affect Student Anxiety In School?, Christian Briggs, Zachary Elison, Monica Gonzalez, Scott C. Steffensen Apr 2010

Does Gender And Marital Status Affect Student Anxiety In School?, Christian Briggs, Zachary Elison, Monica Gonzalez, Scott C. Steffensen

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

School related anxiety and stress is a common psychiatric issue for college students. In recent years, heart rate variability (HRV) has been utilized as a noninvasive and informative way to evaluate autonomic activity by recording electrocardiogram or pulse waves.In past studies, decreased autonomic responsiveness in correlation with task performance has served as a sign of psychological dysfunction (Shinba, 2008). Gender studies have indicated that women are substantially more likely to develop stress disorders and exhibit higher levels of anxiety in clinical testing (McLean, 2009; MacSwain, 2009). Despite these various studies in gender, little research has been done to indicate differences …


Effects Of Mood On Error Processing, Alexander Gray, Michael J. Larson Apr 2010

Effects Of Mood On Error Processing, Alexander Gray, Michael J. Larson

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

In mood-induced states, anxious participants were most attentive, happy and calm participants were intermediately attentive, and sad participants least attentive. This study investigates if participants in mood-induced states will demonstrate ERN amplitudes that correspond to the outcomes demonstrated in the above study in which greater attentiveness should correspond to larger ERN amplitudes and visa versa.


Moral Conceptions And Parent-Adolescent Congruence: What Does It Mean To Be A Moral Person?, Ryan J. Funk, Sam Hardy Apr 2010

Moral Conceptions And Parent-Adolescent Congruence: What Does It Mean To Be A Moral Person?, Ryan J. Funk, Sam Hardy

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

In recent years scholars have argued for the importance of greater understanding naturalistic conceptions of moral maturity (Walker & Pitts, 1998). However, given the limited work done thus far in this area, we still know very little about how these conceptions of morality develop. Further, most prior studies of lay conceptions of morality have involved adults (e.g., Smith, Smith, & Christopher, 2007; Walker & Pitts, 1998). Thus, the purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship between adolescent’s conceptions of morality and how it relates to their parents’.


Parent-Adolescent Attachment As A Mediator Of Relations Between Parenting And Adolescent Social Behavior And Well-Being In China, Mengfei Cai, Blake Hudson, Ashley Maag, Sam Hardy Apr 2010

Parent-Adolescent Attachment As A Mediator Of Relations Between Parenting And Adolescent Social Behavior And Well-Being In China, Mengfei Cai, Blake Hudson, Ashley Maag, Sam Hardy

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

The study of adolescents’ attachment to parents and its relation to adolescents' well-being has received increasing attention in recent years. But the mechanic in this relation and even in the whole working pattern is still not very clear---not only in western background, but also in eastern culture. This study examined how parenting dimensions (authoritative, psychological control, and over-protecting) relate to adolescent outcomes (self-esteem, autonomy, and peer relationships) by way of parent-teen attachment, among Chinese families.


Marital Quality And Risk Factors For Chd, Rebecca Wallace, Nicole Barber, Bryan J. Jensen, Paige Vella Apr 2010

Marital Quality And Risk Factors For Chd, Rebecca Wallace, Nicole Barber, Bryan J. Jensen, Paige Vella

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Epidemiological research indicates that marriage may significantly protect individuals from various causes of morbidity and mortality including cardiovascular disease6,7. There is also growing evidence that marital quality may be equally if not more important than marital status. While married individuals have greater health benefits relative to unmarried individuals, unhappily married individuals may be worse off than unmarried8-10. For instance, marital distress has been associated with a 2 to 3 fold increase in the risk of heart disease11and for recurrent coronary events12.


Predictors Of Performance Monitoring Abilities Following Traumatic Brain Injury: The Influence Of Negative Affect, Cognitive Dysfunction, And Injury Severity, Joseph E. Fair, Michael J. Larson Apr 2010

Predictors Of Performance Monitoring Abilities Following Traumatic Brain Injury: The Influence Of Negative Affect, Cognitive Dysfunction, And Injury Severity, Joseph E. Fair, Michael J. Larson

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Survivors of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) often demonstrate impairments in cognitive control and performance monitoring. Performance monitoring is a cognitive control process modulated by both cognitive and affective variables. Performance monitoring functions can be evaluated using the error-related negativity (ERN) and post-error positivity (Pe) components of the event-related potential (ERP).


Lds Doctrine And Perfectionism, Brittany Mealey, Jeffrey Bernhardt, Michael Davison, Andrea Riggs Apr 2010

Lds Doctrine And Perfectionism, Brittany Mealey, Jeffrey Bernhardt, Michael Davison, Andrea Riggs

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Perfectionism has become a topic of widespread interest within the social sciences. Many of the studies testing and measuring perfectionism have been associated with constructs such as need achievement and level of aspiration. Though it has been found that there may be links between religiosity and perfectionism (Edgington et. al, 2008; Zohar et. al, 2005), only a small amount of studies have actually researched if and how perfectionism is affected by religiosity.


The Effects Of Music On Memory Retention, Taylor N. Scott, Meghan Dixon, Katie Wiscombe, Erin D. Bigler Apr 2010

The Effects Of Music On Memory Retention, Taylor N. Scott, Meghan Dixon, Katie Wiscombe, Erin D. Bigler

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Popular belief indicates that music aids in memory retention. However, Gray and Della Sala (2007) found that music does not have a significant effect on memory. A similar study indicated that music only aids memory when it is used as an association (mnemonic device; Moore, Peterson, O’Shea, & Thaut, 2008). Given this background, we hypothesized music would not influence retention on a standard clinical measure of short-term memory retention like the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT; Rey, 1995).


Abuse History And Therapy Participation Among Men And Women In Methadone Maintenance Treatment, Alexandria Kunzler, Sasha Mondragon, Amy Welsh, Scott Baldwin Apr 2010

Abuse History And Therapy Participation Among Men And Women In Methadone Maintenance Treatment, Alexandria Kunzler, Sasha Mondragon, Amy Welsh, Scott Baldwin

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

The differences between men (N = 26) and women’s (N = 27) self-reports of abuse and recorded therapy participation were examined among clients in a methadone maintenance treatment program. Results indicate that women report significantly more abuse. We found no significant difference in therapy participation between men and women.


An Ontological Analysis Of Mainstream Addiction Theories: Exploring Relational Alternatives, Wiley Benjamin Hill Iii Mar 2010

An Ontological Analysis Of Mainstream Addiction Theories: Exploring Relational Alternatives, Wiley Benjamin Hill Iii

Theses and Dissertations

Individuals and societies have long struggled to understand and confront, by constructive means, the nemesis of addiction. No other human ill has provoked more concern, accounted for more suffering, or elicited greater consequence than addiction in all its diverse forms. Although alcoholism and drug abuse symbolize the traditional essence of addiction; compulsive sexuality, pathological gambling, eating disorders, tobacco use, etc., are also believed to have addictive properties according to contemporary concepts. Numerous commendable theories and therapies have been offered down through history to explain and mediate addictions conceptually enigmatic and therapeutically resistant nature. As this paper will clarify, many of …


The Effects Of Video Self-Modeling On Elementary Students' On-Task Behavior As A Response To Intervention, Anika Kronmiller Bales Mar 2010

The Effects Of Video Self-Modeling On Elementary Students' On-Task Behavior As A Response To Intervention, Anika Kronmiller Bales

Theses and Dissertations

Effective interventions are imperative for students who are at-risk for academic failure. Response to Intervention (RTI), a service delivery framework, is gaining momentum in schools as it aims to provide effective and appropriate interventions of varying degrees. Frequently used in the form of a three-tier process, RTI addresses academic and behavioral deficits for students first at a school-wide level; next, at an individualized level; and finally, at a more intense individualized level. This study examined the effects of video self-modeling (VSM) as a Tier 2 RTI for two students in general education classrooms. Both students exhibited low rates of on-task …


Opening And Closing The Moral Judgment--Moral Action Gap, Carol Frogley Ellertson Mar 2010

Opening And Closing The Moral Judgment--Moral Action Gap, Carol Frogley Ellertson

Theses and Dissertations

This study analyzed moral psychology's “moral judgment-moral action gap” research and found that morality was being described as a secondary phenomenon produced by underlying substrates (such as identity and self constructs, “brain modules,” and “evolved emotional systems”) which are themselves non-moral. Deriving morality from “the non-moral” presents a kind of ontological gap in the moral psychology research. Researchers implicitly close this gap assuming it is possible to get moral judgments and actions out of non-moral substrates. But the difficulty remains how the moral as “moral” becomes infused into any moral psychology models. Morality is not a secondary phenomenon arising out …


Are Impact Factors Comparable? Impact Factor Comparisons Across Areas Of Psychology, Jason J. Van Der Horst Mar 2010

Are Impact Factors Comparable? Impact Factor Comparisons Across Areas Of Psychology, Jason J. Van Der Horst

Theses and Dissertations

Journal impact factors play an increasing role in academics as a tool for evaluating faculty, research, and resource allocations. These evaluations may be effective in departments where the subject matter is reasonably unified. However, given the diversity found within the subject matter of psychology, the impact factors of journals may not be comparable across the various areas. This study compares the average impact factors across decile levels of journals from seven areas of psychology. It is found that impact factor scores are not comparable across the seven areas of psychology. This difference is more pronounced when looking at higher decile …


Effects Of Computer-Based, Early-Reading Academic Learning Time On Early-Reading Achievement: A Dose-Response Approach, Benjamin Heuston Mar 2010

Effects Of Computer-Based, Early-Reading Academic Learning Time On Early-Reading Achievement: A Dose-Response Approach, Benjamin Heuston

Theses and Dissertations

Academic learning time (ALT) has long had the theoretical underpinnings sufficient to claim a causal relationship with academic achievement, but to this point empirical evidence has been lacking. This dearth of evidence has existed primarily due to difficulties associated with operationalizing ALT in traditional educational settings. Recent advancements in computer-based instruction provide an unprecedented opportunity to model ALT and to test the underlying theory. A widely-used computer-based early-reading curriculum was operationalized using Berliner's model of ALT (Berliner, 1991). This curriculum was then mapped to a computer-based assessment to determine an appropriate method of quantifying early-reading ALT. Software limitations required that …


The Relationship Between Perceived Social Status, Stress, And Health In Mexican American Immigrants, Roland Marcus Green Feb 2010

The Relationship Between Perceived Social Status, Stress, And Health In Mexican American Immigrants, Roland Marcus Green

Theses and Dissertations

The current paper examines the relationship between social support, perceived social status and health in the context of the Hispanic Paradox. It was hypothesized that social support will predict perceived social status which, in turn, is an important factor in predicting physical health among Mexican immigrants. The current paper also hypothesized that stress mediates the relationship between perceived social status and health. Three hundred and twenty male and female Mexican immigrants (ages 18-79) completed questionnaires, wore ambulatory blood pressure monitors for 24 hours, and submitted blood samples. Results supported some, but not most hypotheses. Greater social support was related to …


A Matter Of Perspective, Kristin L. Hansen Jan 2010

A Matter Of Perspective, Kristin L. Hansen

Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy

No abstract provided.