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Articles 1351 - 1380 of 1681

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Videogames And Friendships: Contextual Factors That Influence The Willingness To Aggress Following The Playing Of A Violent Videogame, Jonathan Charles Edwin Rogers Jul 2011

Videogames And Friendships: Contextual Factors That Influence The Willingness To Aggress Following The Playing Of A Violent Videogame, Jonathan Charles Edwin Rogers

Theses and Dissertations

Participants (N = 73) in the present research were assigned to play a violent videogame (Super Smash Brothers) with either a supportive or an ambivalent friend. Orthogonal to this manipulation, participants were assigned to play the game either competitively or cooperatively. Subsequent aggression toward their friend was assessed by measuring participants' competitive or cooperative behavior in a Prisoner's Dilemma game. Results revealed no differences in aggression as a function of friendship type or game strategy, although means were in predicted directions. The influence of context on exposure to violent media is discussed, as are issues of power and …


Utilizing Focus Groups To Determine Clinical Perceptions Of Assessment Needs, Emily Ruth Smith Putnam Jul 2011

Utilizing Focus Groups To Determine Clinical Perceptions Of Assessment Needs, Emily Ruth Smith Putnam

Theses and Dissertations

There has been a recent trend towards increasing accountability of mental health care providers through the use of treatment outcome measures, in order to reduce spending and improve patient care. This qualitative study utilized focus groups to elicit input regarding the need and possible content involved in creating an improved outcome measure specifically designed for severe emotionally disturbed (SED) children and adolescents. We conducted 60-90 minute focus groups with each of the following three separate constituent groups who are regularly involved in the care of SED youth at the Utah State Hospital (USH), including a) hospital clinical staff, b) affiliated …


Ambivalent Sexism And Traditional Gender Roles As Predictors Of Performance Evaluation Bias, Caleb Braxton Bragg Jul 2011

Ambivalent Sexism And Traditional Gender Roles As Predictors Of Performance Evaluation Bias, Caleb Braxton Bragg

Theses and Dissertations

The object of the present research was to examine the relationship between ambivalent sexism, adherence to traditional gender roles, gendered job types, performance evaluations and promotion decisions. There were 124 participants recruited from undergraduate psychology courses, randomly assigned to one of four scenarios. Participants took the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI), Ambivalence towards Men Inventory (AMI), and Sex Role Egalitarianism Scale (SRES), read a scenario, and then evaluated the leader in the scenario using the Leadership Effectiveness Appraisal of Performance (LEAP). A 2x2x2 MANOVA found significant main effects for participant gender on the ASI and SRES, but no main or interaction …


An Analysis Of Graduate School Recruitment Via Website Resources, Dylan K. Matsumori Jul 2011

An Analysis Of Graduate School Recruitment Via Website Resources, Dylan K. Matsumori

Theses and Dissertations

Institutions of higher learning are experiencing increased difficulty managing the quantity and quality of their graduate student populations (Kallio, 1995). Currently the most important informational resource for potential students engaged in the graduate school search process is the Web (Huddleston & Drexel, 2006). Previous research has focused on things such as website design and technological advances but has failed to address the core content needed by applicants (Huddleston & Drexel, 2006). Research has focused on website design from the perspective of administrators and web designers with little consideration of the individuals who are in the process of applying to or …


The Neural Correlates Of Retrospective Memory Monitoring: Convergent Findings From Erp And Fmri, Jeremy Clark Roper Jul 2011

The Neural Correlates Of Retrospective Memory Monitoring: Convergent Findings From Erp And Fmri, Jeremy Clark Roper

Theses and Dissertations

Monitoring the accuracy of memory is an automatic but essential process of memory encoding and retrieval. Retrospective memory confidence judgments are making effective and efficient decisions based on one's memories. The neural processes involved in retrospective confidence ratings were investigated with EEG and fMRI using a recognition memory task designed such that participants also rated their confidence in their memory response. Correct trials (hits and correct rejections) were examined for differences related to the participants' level of confidence in their response. There were significant differences in electrophysiological activity (in the FN400 and the late parietal component) associated with confidence rating, …


Examining The Mediating Factors Between Religiosity And Pornography Use In Adolescents, Michael A. Steelman Jul 2011

Examining The Mediating Factors Between Religiosity And Pornography Use In Adolescents, Michael A. Steelman

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine relations between adolescent religiosity and pornography use, and the roles of self-regulation, attitudes towards pornography, and social control as mediators of these relations. It was hypothesized that religiosity would protect adolescents from exposure to pornography by increasing their self-regulation capacity, their conservative attitudes about pornography, and their perceived social norms regarding pornography. The sample consisted of 419 adolescents (ages 15 - 18 years; M age = 15.68, SD = .98; 56% male) recruited online from across the U.S. Participants completed an online survey. All variables were bivariately associated as expected. Path models …


A Qualitative Exploration Of Adolescent Girls' Experience In An Eating Disorder Prevention Curriculum, Jill L. Smedley Jul 2011

A Qualitative Exploration Of Adolescent Girls' Experience In An Eating Disorder Prevention Curriculum, Jill L. Smedley

Theses and Dissertations

Eating disorders are a widespread problem that affects millions of people each year in the United States. Research-based prevention programs are becoming more and more important as this number rises. This study qualitatively examined the effectiveness of a prevention program called Eating Disorders: Physical, Social, and Emotional Consequences, A High School Curriculum about Anorexia, Bulimia, and Compulsive Eating (EDPSEC). Study participants included 10 female students in a ninth grade health class in a junior high school in Utah. The integrity of curriculum administration was analyzed and interviews were conducted. The aim of the interviews was to determine what students who …


Cohesion's Relationship To Outcome In Group Psychotherapy: A Meta-Analytic Review Of Empirical Research, Jennifer Tehani Alonso Jul 2011

Cohesion's Relationship To Outcome In Group Psychotherapy: A Meta-Analytic Review Of Empirical Research, Jennifer Tehani Alonso

Theses and Dissertations

Research has consistently shown group psychotherapy to be an effective form of treatment. Group cohesiveness, the quantity and magnitude of the strength of the bonds within the group, has received considerable attention. This study describes the integration of the cohesion literature using a random effects meta-analysis to ascertain the magnitude of the relationship between cohesion and outcome as well as explore the effect specific group variables have on this association. Studies were included which measured the relationship between groups comprised of at least three members, included both an outcome and cohesion measure convertible to an effect size, and were published …


High School Teachers' Perceptions Of Cyber Bullying Prevention And Intervention Strategies, Sterling V. Stauffer Jun 2011

High School Teachers' Perceptions Of Cyber Bullying Prevention And Intervention Strategies, Sterling V. Stauffer

Theses and Dissertations

Results from recent meta-analyses have indicated that bully prevention programs tend to produce little discernable change in student behavior. Possible reasons include a lack of teacher buy-in and teachers' questioning about the effectiveness of such programs. Teacher buy-in is an essential ingredient when implementing and maintaining effective school-based interventions, including bully prevention programs. In order to examine teachers' perceptions, a questionnaire was administered to 66 high school teachers in a western U.S. urban high school. The questionnaire examined teachers' attitudes regarding the impact of cyber bullying on students; which intervening strategies teachers were likely to use when dealing with cyber …


7- And 12-Month-Olds' Intermodal Recognition Of Affect: 7-Month-Olds Are "Smarter" Than 12-Month-Olds, Mark Oborn Whiteley Jun 2011

7- And 12-Month-Olds' Intermodal Recognition Of Affect: 7-Month-Olds Are "Smarter" Than 12-Month-Olds, Mark Oborn Whiteley

Theses and Dissertations

Research has shown that by 7-months of age infants demonstrate recognition of emotion by successfully matching faces and voices based on affect in an intermodal matching procedure. It is often assumed that once an ability is present the development of that ability has "ceased." Therefore, no research has examined if and how the ability to match faces and voices based on affect develops after the first 7-months. This study examined how the ability to match faces and voices based on affect changes from 7- to 12-months. Looking at infant's proportion of total looking time (PTLT) results showed that, consistent with …


Indigenous Women College Students' Perspectives On College, Work, And Family, Jennie L. Bingham Jun 2011

Indigenous Women College Students' Perspectives On College, Work, And Family, Jennie L. Bingham

Theses and Dissertations

Native American and First Nations (hereafter referred to as indigenous) women college students are faced with a challenge to balance both their culture and the demands of the dominant Western culture in family, school, and work/employment roles. The presence of indigenous women in higher education and in the work force has increased since World War II. While there is an abundance of literature on work-family balance and work-family conflict, with some focus on the perspectives and expectations of college-aged students, there is a dearth in both of these areas with regards to indigenous populations. In order to begin to …


Perceived Racism And Mental Health: A Meta-Analytic Review, Hokulea D. Conklin Jun 2011

Perceived Racism And Mental Health: A Meta-Analytic Review, Hokulea D. Conklin

Theses and Dissertations

The present study provides a synthesis of extant research examining the association between perceived racism and mental health. The aims of this study were to identify the overall magnitude of this association and to elaborate on the possible influence of participant characteristics (acculturation level, age, gender, race, education, and socioeconomic status) and study characteristics (year of data collection, geographic region of the study, and research design) in moderating this association. A total of 130 studies were included in the final analysis. The omnibus effect size for this meta-analysis was r = -.188 (p < .001), which indicates that higher instances of perceived racism were associated with lower levels of mental health. The overall magnitude of this association suggests a moderately small relationship between these two constructs. None of the participant characteristics moderated the results. However, studies conducted in more recent years appeared to be associated with effect sizes of greater negative magnitude than studies conducted in previous years. The implications of these findings for multicultural psychology are discussed and suggestions regarding future research in this area are presented.


A Quantitative Analysis Of An Eating Disorder Prevention Program, Rachel Gayle Doyle Jun 2011

A Quantitative Analysis Of An Eating Disorder Prevention Program, Rachel Gayle Doyle

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of a preventative curriculum entitled Eating Disorders: Physical, Social, and Emotional Consequences, A High School Curriculum about Anorexia, Bulimia, and Compulsive Eating (EDPSEC), a preventative curriculum for eating disorders. Participants included an experimental group of 72 students enrolled in a ninth grade health class and a control group of 39 ninth grade students enrolled in a physical education class. The research examined the administration integrity of the curriculum and participating students' change in eating attitudes and behaviors according to group membership. The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) and the Eating Survey …


Biculturalism Among Indigenous College Students, Colton Duane Miller Jun 2011

Biculturalism Among Indigenous College Students, Colton Duane Miller

Theses and Dissertations

Indigenous* college students in both Canada and the United States have the lowest rates of obtaining postsecondary degrees, and their postsecondary dropout rates are higher than for any other minority (Freeman & Fox, 2005; Mendelson, 2004; Reddy, 1993). There has been very little research done to uncover possible reasons for such low academic achievement and high dropout rates for Indigenous students. Some of the research that has been done indicates that one challenge for Indigenous students is the difficulty in navigating the cultural differences between higher education and their Indigenous cultures. Biculturalism is the ability of an individual to …


Communal And Exchange Relationships In Marriage And Their Effects On Ambulatory Blood Pressure In Caucasians And Foreign-Born Mexican Americans, Bryan J. Jensen Jun 2011

Communal And Exchange Relationships In Marriage And Their Effects On Ambulatory Blood Pressure In Caucasians And Foreign-Born Mexican Americans, Bryan J. Jensen

Theses and Dissertations

Research shows Mexican Americans typically have better cardiovascular health than European Americans, despite being relatively economically disadvantaged. Given research indicating the importance of relationship quality on one's health, the present study examined whether certain relationship orientations (e.g. communal or exchange) were more prevalent in different ethnic groups and if these orientations could help explain this Hispanic Paradox. 582 adults were recruited from the community. Participants were primarily European American (40%) and foreign-born Mexican Americans (55%). A cross-sectional designed was used where participants wore 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) monitors and completed self-report measures of relationship satisfaction and relationship orientation. Results …


Longitudinal Changes In The Corpus Callosum Following Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury As Assessed By Volumetric Mri And Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Trevor Chuang Kuo Wu Apr 2011

Longitudinal Changes In The Corpus Callosum Following Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury As Assessed By Volumetric Mri And Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Trevor Chuang Kuo Wu

Theses and Dissertations

Atrophy of the corpus callosum (CC) is a documented consequence of moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), which has been expressed as volume loss using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Other advanced imaging modalities such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have also detected white matter microstructural alteration following TBI in the CC. The manner and degree to which macrostructural changes such as volume and microstructural changes develop over time following pediatric TBI and their relation to a measure of processing speed is the focus of this longitudinal investigation. As such, DTI and volumetric changes of the CC in participants with TBI …


A 17-Year Longitudinal Study Of Religion And Mental Health In A Mormon Sample, Jeremy D. Bartz, P. Scott Richards, Timothy B. Smith, Lane Fischer Mar 2011

A 17-Year Longitudinal Study Of Religion And Mental Health In A Mormon Sample, Jeremy D. Bartz, P. Scott Richards, Timothy B. Smith, Lane Fischer

Faculty Publications

In 1984, 1987, and 2001, data were collected on a religiously devout group of college students (N=53) in an effort to better understand the process of religious development and the relationship between religiosity and mental health. This study analyzes those data by examining the relationship between devoutness and psychopathology over time, the correlations between intrinsic religiosity and indices of psychopathology, the stability of religious motivations over the course of adulthood, and the stability of two different religious development styles that were identified in 1984. This study found that (1) these religiously devout individuals have consistently fallen within the normal range …


Special Educators' Perspectives Of Aligning Individual Education Program Goals Of Students With Severe Disabilities With The General Education Curriculum, Kristi Noel Tonga Mar 2011

Special Educators' Perspectives Of Aligning Individual Education Program Goals Of Students With Severe Disabilities With The General Education Curriculum, Kristi Noel Tonga

Theses and Dissertations

Aligning Individual Education Program (IEP) goals of students with severe disabilities with the general education curriculum is required by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 (IDEIA). This study sought to determine the perspectives of special educators regarding this requirement. Special educators from three school districts participated in focus groups to offer their perspectives in aligning IEP goals with the general education curriculum. The researchers also sought the special educators' perspectives with regards to providing access to the general education curriculum. The study found that special educators are striving to align IEP goals through the use of general …


Let Me See My Feedback: A Phenomenological Exploration Of The Feedback-Receiving Process At A University Counseling Center, David Doty Dayton Mar 2011

Let Me See My Feedback: A Phenomenological Exploration Of The Feedback-Receiving Process At A University Counseling Center, David Doty Dayton

Theses and Dissertations

This study is a phenomenological investigation of psychotherapists' experience receiving quantitative and evaluative feedback on job performance. Participants were licensed psychologists working at a university counseling center. They were given feedback reports that compared their clients' psychotherapy outcomes with the outcomes of their colleagues' clients. Psychotherapy outcomes were measured using the Outcome-Questionnaire 45 (OQ-45), a self-report outcome instrument designed for tracking client progress through repeated measurement. Feedback reports included data about where psychotherapists' outcomes ranked (in quartiles) in comparison to the rest of the counseling center. Interviews were conducted with participants to gain a deeper understanding of their experience receiving …


The Effects Of Acute And Chronic Nicotine On Gaba And Dopamine Neurons In The Midbrain Ventral Tegmental Area, Devin Hardy Taylor Mar 2011

The Effects Of Acute And Chronic Nicotine On Gaba And Dopamine Neurons In The Midbrain Ventral Tegmental Area, Devin Hardy Taylor

Theses and Dissertations

Nicotine (NIC) abuse involves activation of midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons and NIC addiction involves neuroadaptive changes in the mesolimbic DA reward system. GABA neurons in the midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA) express α4β2-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), whose activation increases GABAergic input to DA neurons. However, this initial effect is decreased after chronic NIC treatment (as in the case of smokers) by inducing nAChR desensitization. Thus, GABA neuron inhibition results in increased DA release in limbic structures such as the nucleus accumbens. To support this hypothesis, we evaluated the effects of acute and chronic NIC on GAD-67 positive neurons in …


Valuing And Defending: A New Natural Law Approach To The Family, Stephen Wade Francis Mar 2011

Valuing And Defending: A New Natural Law Approach To The Family, Stephen Wade Francis

Theses and Dissertations

Social science theories applied to the family make certain assumptions in the analytic categories of value-neutrality vs. value-ladenness, positivism vs. hermeneutics, and determinism vs. moral agency. New natural law, a different theory from the body of classical forms of natural law, provides a unique approach to the study of the family. New natural law provides a defense for the traditional conjugal family as well as provides difference conclusions and implications for empirical research.


A Quantitative Analysis Of An Eating Disorder Prevention Program, Jennalee Murray Mar 2011

A Quantitative Analysis Of An Eating Disorder Prevention Program, Jennalee Murray

Theses and Dissertations

Eating disorders affect millions of people in the United States alone. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of a preventative curriculum for eating disorders called Eating Disorders: Physical, Social, and Emotional Consequences, A High School Curriculum about Anorexia, Bulimia, and Compulsive Eating (EDPSEC). Participants included an experimental group of 27 students in their ninth grade health class and a control group of 21 students. The research examined the integrity of the curriculum administration and changes in participating students' attitudes and behaviors. The outcome measures used were students' scores on the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) and the Eating Survey (ES). …


Reciprocal Communication As A Form Of Nonverbal Communication: A Qualitative Approach, John Christian Penrod Mar 2011

Reciprocal Communication As A Form Of Nonverbal Communication: A Qualitative Approach, John Christian Penrod

Theses and Dissertations

The current state of psychological research in nonverbal communication is briefly summarized and several problems are noted. Reciprocal communication (RC) is suggested, defined, and qualitatively investigated as a way of describing the experience of emotional compatibility in communication, with an emphasis on form, degree, and timing as fundamental aspects of nonverbal communication. Support for three different levels of emotional compatibility (fully, partially, and nonreciprocal) is found. Variation in the interpretation of nonverbal communication when communication is perceived as either intentional or unintentional is noted, and a system of categorizing reciprocal communication is suggested. Further patterns in nonverbal communication are observed, …


Time Management Practices Of Brigham Young University Students, Jessica Mae Scott Mar 2011

Time Management Practices Of Brigham Young University Students, Jessica Mae Scott

Theses and Dissertations

The use of, and attitudes towards, time management among undergraduates at Brigham Young University (BYU) was examined. Data were collected using two online surveys and an electronic time log tool. The data from the surveys were analyzed using canonical correlations, multiple regressions, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), factor analysis, and multivariate graphical methods. Pilot survey results showed freshmen who were concerned with time management and organization had lower GPAs than those who asserted they were spontaneous and successful without time management. The main survey produced contradictory evidence, showing positive correlations for both freshmen and sophomores between GPA and students who …


Ethnic Identity And Well-Being: A Meta-Analytic Review, Lynda Rae Silva Mar 2011

Ethnic Identity And Well-Being: A Meta-Analytic Review, Lynda Rae Silva

Theses and Dissertations

This meta-analysis provided a synthesis of the research examining the relationship between the construct of ethnic identity and global well-being, variously measured. The aims of this systematic review were to ascertain the overall magnitude of the association between ethnic identity and well-being, as well as to explore the impact of moderating variables on the association. A total of 184 studies were analyzed, resulting in an omnibus effect size of r = .17, suggesting a modest but statistically significant relationship between these two constructs. Younger participants demonstrated a stronger relationship between ethnic identity and well-being. Participants in the low acculturation category …


Culture, Timothy B. Smith, Melanie Domenech Rodríguez, Guillermo Bernal Feb 2011

Culture, Timothy B. Smith, Melanie Domenech Rodríguez, Guillermo Bernal

Faculty Publications

This article summarizes the definitions, means, and research of adapting psychotherapy to clients’ cultural backgrounds. We begin by reviewing the prevailing definitions of cultural adaptation and providing a clinical example. We present an original meta-analysis of 65 experimental and quasiexperimental studies involving 8,620 participants. The omnibus effect size of d 5 .46 indicates that treatments specifically adapted for clients of color were moderately more effective with that clientele than traditional treatments. The most effective treatments tended to be those with greater numbers of cultural adaptations. Mental health services targeted to a specific cultural group were several times more effective than …


The Effects Of Color On Visual Short-Term Memory, Taelynn Johnson, Zachary Burk, Kassandra Larson, Annalisa Ellsworth Feb 2011

The Effects Of Color On Visual Short-Term Memory, Taelynn Johnson, Zachary Burk, Kassandra Larson, Annalisa Ellsworth

Student Works

This experiment examined the affects of the color of images on the short-term memory of participants. We hypothesized that naturally colored images and unnaturally colored images had differing effects on short-term memory not affected by gender and favorite colors.


Better Late Than Never? Reduced Psychophysiological Response To A Human Intruder In High-Functioning Autism, J. Dee Higley, Mikle South, Paul Chamberlain, Oliver Johnston Feb 2011

Better Late Than Never? Reduced Psychophysiological Response To A Human Intruder In High-Functioning Autism, J. Dee Higley, Mikle South, Paul Chamberlain, Oliver Johnston

Student Works

Background: In addition to core impairments in social communication, many individuals diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience severe and debilitating symptoms of anxiety. Characterization of both shared and distinct neural mechanisms in ASD and anxiety may give insight into the neurodevelopmental course of ASD and improve the specificity of intervention techniques. Our aim was to measure both physiological and behavioral responses to an anxiety-provoking situation where a stranger intrudes on the environment. In monkey studies and in the wild, such situations tend to be accompanied by increased vigilance but decreased physical activity in order to avoid detection.


Exploratory Factor Analysis Of Human Infant Temperament In The Rhesus Monkey, Daniel B. Kay, Michael Marsiske, Stephen J. Suomi, James Dee Higley Feb 2011

Exploratory Factor Analysis Of Human Infant Temperament In The Rhesus Monkey, Daniel B. Kay, Michael Marsiske, Stephen J. Suomi, James Dee Higley

Faculty Publications

The triadic model of human infant temperament, involving Negative Affectivity, Orienting/ Regulation, and Surgency/Extraversion factors, was applied to the rhesus neonate using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Replicating and expanding earlier work in rhesus monkeys, the three factor solution produced latent constructs comparable to human neonatal temperament.


Ethnic Identity And Personal Well-Being Of People Of Color: A Meta-Analysis, Timothy B. Smith, Lynda Silva Jan 2011

Ethnic Identity And Personal Well-Being Of People Of Color: A Meta-Analysis, Timothy B. Smith, Lynda Silva

Faculty Publications

This meta-analysis summarized research examining the relationship between the constructs of ethnic identity and personal well-being among people of color in North America. Data from 184 studies analyzed using random effects models yielded an omnibus effect size of r = .17, suggesting a modest relationship between the two constructs. The relationship was somewhat stronger among adolescents and young adults than among adults over age 40. No differences were observed across participant race, gender, or socioeconomic status, which findings support the general relevance of ethnic identity across people of color. Studies correlating ethnic identity with self-esteem and positive well-being yielded average …