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Articles 1111 - 1140 of 1681

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Study Of Differential Evoked Potentials In The Occipital Lobe Of The Human Cortex To Varied Spatial And Temporal Patterns, Michael A. Malstrom, Dr. Donovan Fleming Sep 2013

Study Of Differential Evoked Potentials In The Occipital Lobe Of The Human Cortex To Varied Spatial And Temporal Patterns, Michael A. Malstrom, Dr. Donovan Fleming

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Projecting from the retina of the human eye are two information tracts that are separate but very closely tied together. They are named for the size of the cell which they follow from the retina to the brain. The tract with larger cells is called the Magnocellular pathway (M-pathway), and the tract with smaller cells is called the Parvocellular pathway (P-pathway). The M-pathway processes information quickly and without acute definition and is suited for object location and tracking—where things are. The P-pathway processes data less quickly but with more definition and higher quality, including color vision.

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White Matter Hyperintensities In The Normal Population, Callie Beck, Dr. Ramona O. Hopkins Sep 2013

White Matter Hyperintensities In The Normal Population, Callie Beck, Dr. Ramona O. Hopkins

Journal of Undergraduate Research

White-matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are unidentified bright objects in the white matter regions of the brain and have been observed on magnetic resonance (MR) brain images since the mid-1980s. Numerous studies have been conducted to determine the relationship between WMHs and various pathologic conditions such as hypertension, stroke, dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, brain atrophy, bipolar disorder, mania, depression, hemophilia, and following carbon monoxide poisoning. However, the etiology and mechanisms of WMHs remain unclear. A majority of the information regarding the prevalence of WMHs in normal healthy individuals comes from the control data in studies that focus on various illnesses such as bipolar …

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Depressive Rumination: A Psychometic Analysis, Robert R. Bradbury, Dr. Claudia Clayton Sep 2013

Depressive Rumination: A Psychometic Analysis, Robert R. Bradbury, Dr. Claudia Clayton

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Steven Calder, Doug Marchant, and I have been studying depressive rumination for over a year and a half. Our first study was similar in content to the current study; however, because of our two ORCA grants, the current study is much more sophisticated. Depressive rumination is the consistent recycling of negative thoughts. Researchers have begun to examine the consequences of depressive rumination on cognition and daily functioning. The effect of mild-to-moderate stressors on heart rate and other physiological responses is an important measure of daily functioning, but to date only a single study has addressed the relationship between rumination, heart …

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Links Between Childhood Physical Abuse And Psychosocial Adjustment In Adulthood, Jennifer Killpack, Dr. Christopher M. Layne Sep 2013

Links Between Childhood Physical Abuse And Psychosocial Adjustment In Adulthood, Jennifer Killpack, Dr. Christopher M. Layne

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Childhood physical and sexual abuse (CA) is associated with a greatly increased risk for problems in adulthood (Rumstein-McKean, & Hunsley, 2001). Prevalence rates of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, interpersonal difficulties, and adult victimization are higher among women with a history of CA (Ornduff, Kelsey, & O’Leary, 2001). Social support is theorized to mediate the relationship between CA and adult psychosocial adjustment (Brewin, Andrews, & Valentine, 2000). Women who experienced both CA and adult sexual assault experience clinically significant levels of interpersonal problems unlike women who experienced adult assault but not CA, or women who had never been assaulted (Cloitre et …

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Preexposure Of Licl And Cck-8: Effects On Taste Aversion Conditioning, Tyler J. Gerritsen, Gregory N. Ervin Sep 2013

Preexposure Of Licl And Cck-8: Effects On Taste Aversion Conditioning, Tyler J. Gerritsen, Gregory N. Ervin

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Taste aversion conditioning is a uniquely learned behavior. In most laboratory cases, the subjects receive a dose of the drug in question and a bottle of saccharin (sacc). Ordinarily, rats will strongly prefer drinking sacc to water (Fig. 1). Whereas with taste aversion, rats develop an aversion to the sacc and choose to mainly drink water instead. If the rat avoids the water as well as the sacc, the dosage is probably so strong that the rat loses motivation to drink anything. The actual reason for taste aversion is not known. Garcia and Koelling (1966) have suggested that aversion is …

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Testing Preschoolers: My First Shot At Empirical Research, Miriam Carey, Dr. Gawain Wells Sep 2013

Testing Preschoolers: My First Shot At Empirical Research, Miriam Carey, Dr. Gawain Wells

Journal of Undergraduate Research

About a year ago I signed up to be part of the Y-OQ research group. I didn’t really know what the Y-OQ was, I just wanted some research experience. The professor in charge grinned slyly when I asked what I could do to help. He said, “We could really use your help doing data entry.” I heard a few other students chuckle at the sound of his words and I wondered what was so funny. Then a graduate student led me through the rat maze psychology building to a dimly lit room in the basement. He sat me down at …

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A Response To Douglas Davies’S Mormon Culture Of Salvation The Latter-Day Saint Doctrine Of Grace, Cory Walker, Dr. David Paulsen Sep 2013

A Response To Douglas Davies’S Mormon Culture Of Salvation The Latter-Day Saint Doctrine Of Grace, Cory Walker, Dr. David Paulsen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The doctrine of salvation by grace has been a much discussed and differently interpreted aspect of Latter-day Saint theology both within the general membership of the Church and outside it. A recent, in-depth treatment of Latter-day Saint views and cultural traditions regarding salvation, written by prominent religious scholar Douglas J. Davies, discussed the Mormon understanding of grace and provided a wonderful academic opportunity to explore the issue using the foil of an informed outsider opinion with which to set out the Latter-day Saint doctrine of grace from Joseph Smith to the present. Dr. David Paulsen and his staff prepared a …

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The Mormon Doctrine Of Deification, David J. Linthorst, Dr. David L. Paulsen Sep 2013

The Mormon Doctrine Of Deification, David J. Linthorst, Dr. David L. Paulsen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

My experience as an ORCA grant recipient has been an interesting one. The focus and direction of my work has changed a few times as I have attempted to direct my efforts towards meaningful research that would be useful to the greater body of work that is being produced by my mentor. During this process I have experienced frustration as I have realized my personal limitations and the limitations of the subject matter. I have also experienced success as I have narrowed my topic down to focus on a consistent vein of thought running through LDS theology on the topic …

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Joseph Smith And The Social Trinity: An Analysis And Defense Of The Social Model Of The Godhead, Brett D. Mcdonald, Dr. David L. Paulsen Sep 2013

Joseph Smith And The Social Trinity: An Analysis And Defense Of The Social Model Of The Godhead, Brett D. Mcdonald, Dr. David L. Paulsen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Excluding his claim to the resumption of public revelation and its, corollary, the re-opening of the canon, perhaps no other Mormon doctrine has received as much criticism as the conception and formulation of the trinity by Joseph Smith and his successors. Ever since Joseph declared that God the Father and Jesus Christ had appeared to him as two distinct personages in the spring of 1820, the cry of tritheism from Mormonism’s detractors has been both loud and persistent. For instance, early on, British theologian T.W.P. Taylder, asserted that Mormon doctrine was tri-theistic because it denies the “unity of the Godhead.” …

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Untitled, Wesley Austin Sep 2013

Untitled, Wesley Austin

Journal of Undergraduate Research

I started this project with the idea to research the influences of 19th century Christian religions in America on Joseph Smith’s ideas of the process of deification. I soon found that there was little that I could find on this topic and that I would have to be somewhat of an expert in this particular area in order to make any significant headway.

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Proofs For The Existence Of God: The Relationship Between Aquinas And Aristotle, Tully Minoski, Dr. James Siebach Sep 2013

Proofs For The Existence Of God: The Relationship Between Aquinas And Aristotle, Tully Minoski, Dr. James Siebach

Journal of Undergraduate Research

My paper was essentially a comparative analysis of Thomas Aquinas’ proofs for the existence of God and Aristotle’s proof(s) for the existence of God. This topic, while it seems to be quite dull primae facie, is actually quite interesting and engaging. For example, it is almost a dogma that Aquinas developed his proofs for the existence of God from Aristotle, as well as much of his theology. This is because Thomas Aquinas Christianized Aristotle. However, a more detailed analysis shows fairly extreme differences between the two individuals—at least in relation to their respective proofs for the existence of God.

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Myelin Basic Protein And Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Antibodies In Autism, Edward Stevenson, Dr. Erin Bigler Sep 2013

Myelin Basic Protein And Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Antibodies In Autism, Edward Stevenson, Dr. Erin Bigler

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Autism is a developmental disorder. There has been an increasing trend in the diagnosis of autism in the past 15 years. After years of research there is still little agreement as to the causes of autism. It has been hypothesized that autistics could be the result of the body’s immune system attacking the brain through cytotoxicity and antibody mediated responses.2 Studies between immune factors and autism have had some interesting results, yet due to the complexities of the central nervous system and immune system, solid conclusions have not been reached.

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Philosophy Of Science Considerations For The Evidence-Based Practice (Ebp) Controversy In Psychotherapy, Dennis Wendt, Dr. Brent D. Slife Sep 2013

Philosophy Of Science Considerations For The Evidence-Based Practice (Ebp) Controversy In Psychotherapy, Dennis Wendt, Dr. Brent D. Slife

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The modern age is an age of evidence. A library search of “evidence-based” returns hundreds of entries: evidence-based auditing, social work, wound management, crime prevention, educational methods—the list goes on and on. Virtually any discipline or industry is receiving increased pressure to justify their methods and practices with evidence. Perhaps nowhere is this pressure more evident than in the healthcare arena, including mental health services such as psychotherapy.

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Qualitative And Quantitative Data In Multi-Rater Feedback, Nathaniel Bean, Dr. Bruce Brown Sep 2013

Qualitative And Quantitative Data In Multi-Rater Feedback, Nathaniel Bean, Dr. Bruce Brown

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The opportunities that opened up as a result of receiving an ORCA grant have been great. Because of the funding that was made available, I was able to work on three different projects simultaneously and find success with all of them. The primary reason that this was astounding was that at the same time, while I had been taking a full load of classes, I applied for and was accepted into a respected psychological doctoral program. Without this funding, I would not have been able to provide sufficient focus to complete these research projects. All three projects were submitted to …

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Myelin Basic Protein And Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Antibodies In Autism, Edward Stevenson, Dr. Erin Bigler Sep 2013

Myelin Basic Protein And Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Antibodies In Autism, Edward Stevenson, Dr. Erin Bigler

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Autism is a developmental disorder. There has been an increasing trend in the diagnosis of autism in the past 15 years. After years of research there is still little agreement as to the causes of autism. It has been hypothesized that autistics could be the result of the body’s immune system attacking the brain through cytotoxicity and antibody mediated responses.2 Studies between immune factors and autism have had some interesting results, yet due to the complexities of the central nervous system and immune system, solid conclusions have not been reached.

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Education In Rural Mexico: What Stops Students?, Jared A. Wilkerson, Dr. Harold Miller Sep 2013

Education In Rural Mexico: What Stops Students?, Jared A. Wilkerson, Dr. Harold Miller

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Providing regular education in rural Mexico has been a focus for the Mexican government for the last few decades. Even twenty years ago, many teachers were quite unwilling to visit rural areas, where the facilities and transportation were far under par. By the beginning of this decade, however, kindergarten and elementary schools had reached even the most remote parts of the country, with middle schools and high schools increasingly accessible to all potential students. Seeing the still-low rates of rural student matriculation, and especially noting the extremely low rates of male education, I wondered what inhibited youth from finishing, or …

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Alleged Rape Perception And Function Of Ambivalent Sexism, Adriane Queiroz, Dr. Niwako Yamawaki Sep 2013

Alleged Rape Perception And Function Of Ambivalent Sexism, Adriane Queiroz, Dr. Niwako Yamawaki

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The purpose of this study was to discover how a perceived power difference between rape victim and perpetrator influence external observers’ rape perception, or more specifically, to investigate the effects of a rapist’s power status on rape perceptions, such as minimization of the seriousness of rape, blaming victim, and excusing the perpetrator. This study also explored the moderating role of ambivalent sexism to explain the effects of power on rape perceptions.

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Effects Of The Neurosteroid Pregnenolone Sulfate On Hippocampal Physiology, Marc Jones, Dr. Scott Steffensen Sep 2013

Effects Of The Neurosteroid Pregnenolone Sulfate On Hippocampal Physiology, Marc Jones, Dr. Scott Steffensen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Several recent studies have established a role for estrogens in ameliorating specific neurodegenerative disorders, mainly those associated with the cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain and their targets in the cortex and hippocampus. We have previously demonstrated that endogenous and exogenous application of the neurosteroid dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) markedly reduces GABA-mediated recurrent inhibition and synchronizes hippocampal unit activity to theta rhythm. In this study, I evaluated the role of muscarinic receptors in mediating the effects of the GABA-modulating neurosteroid, pregnenolone sulfate (PREGS) on monosynaptic evoked potential responses, paired-pulse inhibition, paired-pulse facilitation and GABA interneuron activity in the dentate gyrus and …

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Comparative Analysis Of Athens’ And Utah’S Educational Struggles, Benjamin W. Blair, A. Legrand Richards, Andreas M. Kazamias Sep 2013

Comparative Analysis Of Athens’ And Utah’S Educational Struggles, Benjamin W. Blair, A. Legrand Richards, Andreas M. Kazamias

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Though this project was frustrating and draining at times, I feel so fortunate to have undertaken such a study. My paper and my results are the least of what I learned. The greatest learning experiences on my part were simply seeing another system of education at work, and watching how a system functions which is based on completely different foundations from the system I grew up with.

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The Effects Of Anesthesia On Midbrain Gaba Neurons, Stuart Layton, Dr. Scott Steffensen Sep 2013

The Effects Of Anesthesia On Midbrain Gaba Neurons, Stuart Layton, Dr. Scott Steffensen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Consciousness has perplexed neuroscientists for decades. What is consciousness and how is it obstructed by anesthesia? Every year doctors expose thousands of people to general anesthesia. Anesthesia does several things, it prevents the perception of pain, renders a patient unconscious, inhibits the formation of memory, and paralyzes the subject; all of which as desired during a medical procedure. The mechanism by which anesthesia accomplishes these many tasks are unknown, including its ability to render a subject unconscious. The goal of this study was to study the effects of anesthesia on -aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) …

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Aristotle’S Vision Of God: Moving Beyond The Unmoved Mover, Tyler Stoehr, Dr. Daniel Graham Sep 2013

Aristotle’S Vision Of God: Moving Beyond The Unmoved Mover, Tyler Stoehr, Dr. Daniel Graham

Journal of Undergraduate Research

In Physics VIII and Metaphysics Λ Aristotle paints a portrait of a God that has typically dominated theological discussions in both the philosophical and Christian traditions of the West. This God is form without matter,1 pure actuality,2 pure thought,3 indivisible,4 incorporeal,5 andthe ultimate cause of the universe.6 However, during my research I came across many passages in Aristotle’s works (particularly in the Nicomachean Ethics) that seemed to contradict the portrait of Physics VIII and Metaphysics Λ. For instance, in the Nicomachean Ethics, Book X Chapter 7, Aristotle writes:

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Wives Of Rural Mexican Migrants: Gender Roles And Mental Health?, Jared Wilkerson, Dr. Niwako Yamawaki Sep 2013

Wives Of Rural Mexican Migrants: Gender Roles And Mental Health?, Jared Wilkerson, Dr. Niwako Yamawaki

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Rural Mexican communities near Irapuato, Guanajuato are an ideal place to discover the effects of migration on a population. This area of Mexico contains many villages known as “sending communities” due to a high number of migrants who mostly travel to and from the United States. These sending communities are unique in that those who leave are almost solely men and almost solely temporary migrants—that is, even if they are married or have children, they migrate alone, and not with the intent of long-term residence or attempts at citizenship. When men leave wives and children at home to become migrant …

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Does Monitor Peptide Produce Anorexia Through The Release Of Endogenous Cholecystokinin?, Cory A. Talbot, Dr. Gregory N. Ervin Sep 2013

Does Monitor Peptide Produce Anorexia Through The Release Of Endogenous Cholecystokinin?, Cory A. Talbot, Dr. Gregory N. Ervin

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a gut hormone released following the ingestion of a meal. It was first shown in 1973 by Gibbs et al. that administration of exogenous CCK-8 (CCK-8 is the smallest part of the CCK molecule that possesses its biological activity) before a meal leads to a decrease in food intake and the onset of satiety-like behaviors in rats.1 Extensive evidence now exists demonstrating that exogenous CCK-8 can produce a selective decrease in food intakes in humans, as well. By using CCK receptor antagonists to block endogenous CCK or trypsin inhibitors to elevate released endogenous CCK, some evidence is …

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Establishing Measurement Invariance Of Thin Ideal Internalization And Body Dissatisfaction Across Studies: An Integrative Data Analysis, Kat Tumblin Green Sep 2013

Establishing Measurement Invariance Of Thin Ideal Internalization And Body Dissatisfaction Across Studies: An Integrative Data Analysis, Kat Tumblin Green

Theses and Dissertations

With increased data sharing and research collaboration options available through modern technology, there is an increased need to find more advanced techniques to analyze data across multiple studies. A systematic method of pooling participant-level versus study-level data would be particularly valuable as it would allow for more complex statistical analyses, broader assessment of constructs, and a cost effective way to examine new questions and replicate previous findings. One notable difficulty in pooling raw data in the behavioral sciences is the heterogeneity in methodologies and consequent need to establish measurement invariance. The present study explores the feasibility of using Integrative Data …

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Culture And Sex Differences In The Lds Population: A Comparison Of Russian And American Attitudes Toward Sexual Behavior, Oxana Palesh, Dr. Michael B. Ehlert Sep 2013

Culture And Sex Differences In The Lds Population: A Comparison Of Russian And American Attitudes Toward Sexual Behavior, Oxana Palesh, Dr. Michael B. Ehlert

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Recent work on female and male attitudes toward sexual behavior indicate that the sexes view sexual activity differently. Buss reported that females feel greater concern about a partner’s emotional commitment, whereas males show greater concern toward a partner’s sexual commitment. Clark and Hatfield reported 1 that when an unknown attractive male asked a college female to have sex, none of the females accepted and many were offended; however, when the roles were reversed, 75% of the males accepted and many were flattered.1 Other research demonstrated related differences across 37 cultures worldwide.1 These differences can have profound affects on the quality …

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Weight-Based Discrimination Of Rape Victims, Rachael Howe, Dr. Niwako Yamawaki Sep 2013

Weight-Based Discrimination Of Rape Victims, Rachael Howe, Dr. Niwako Yamawaki

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Rape affects approximately one in six women in the United States (Tjaden & Thoennes, 2000). In addition to direct mental repercussions women experience from rape, they also frequently encounter lack of support, hostility, and isolation from the community, resulting in further psychological distress (Yamawaki & Tschanz, 2005). For example, law enforcement personnel subject rape victims to a “second victimization” by asking them to repeatedly relive the trauma and even attribute blame to the victims. Prejudice heavily influences the degree to which this victimization occurs, especially in more ambiguous (but not less traumatic) cases such as acquaintance rape (Campbell, 2006).

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Eyes On The Prize: Affective Dimensions Of Marathon Motivation And Performance, Abigail Farr, Jonathan Mietchen, Bryce Tobin, Trammell Cox, Michael Millard, Dr. Benjamin Ogles Sep 2013

Eyes On The Prize: Affective Dimensions Of Marathon Motivation And Performance, Abigail Farr, Jonathan Mietchen, Bryce Tobin, Trammell Cox, Michael Millard, Dr. Benjamin Ogles

Journal of Undergraduate Research

This study sought to investigate the relationship between motives for participating in a marathonand pre-race mood and their separate and combined influence on marathon running performance. Our goal was to determine whether or not performance may be dependent upon specific motivations (motivational clusters as determined by previous cluster analyses of marathon samples completing the motivations questionnaire) and pre-race mood among marathon runners. Our hypothesis was that there is interaction between a marathoner’s affective mood state and their specific motivation for running. Furthermore, it may be possible to discover optimal mood states for individuals with specific motivations

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Philo’S Transformation Of Jewish Piety: His Influence On The Scriptural Interpretative Tradition, John Rather, Dr. James Siebach Sep 2013

Philo’S Transformation Of Jewish Piety: His Influence On The Scriptural Interpretative Tradition, John Rather, Dr. James Siebach

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Philo Judaeus was a deeply philosophic exegete of Hebrew scripture whose commitment to Greek philosophy led him to re-interpret the nature of the study of scripture. His reinterpretation is a form of philosophical reflection on the nature of reality within the context of the exegesis of scriptural texts. A Greek aristocrat, Philo received an education which emphasized the importance of philosophy, and particularly Platonism. His most mature works show influence from three schools of thought. First, Philo is a middle plantonist. He accepts Plato’s metaphysics of universal ideas and theory of creation. Second, Phho borrows from the Stoa a method …

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A Chapbook Of Poetry, David Joseph Passey, Dr. Lance Larsen Sep 2013

A Chapbook Of Poetry, David Joseph Passey, Dr. Lance Larsen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The finished manuscript, entitled Coming Up, is nearly fifty pages long, consisting of the standard front material, and thirty-three poems, some several pages long. Of the poems, roughly half were written since the receipt of the grant. The remainder is previously written poems that were revised and polished for inclusion in the final manuscript. Due to its size, this manuscript is a substantial collection of poetry, bordering on a small volume rather than a chapbook, and may need to be pared down before publication.

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The Optimal Focus Theory For Sport Performance Under Pressure, Laurie Anderson, Dr. Ben Ogles Sep 2013

The Optimal Focus Theory For Sport Performance Under Pressure, Laurie Anderson, Dr. Ben Ogles

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Our study sought to add to the current literature on the explicit monitoring and distraction theories. We have created a theory known as the Optimal Focus Theory. This theory states that choking can be avoided and performance under pressure will improve if athletes achieve the right amount of focus. Rather than over-focusing, such as the explicit monitoring theory suggests, or being distracted by irrelevant stimuli, as the distraction theory purports, the Optimal Focus Theory calls for a balance of focus. We aimed to study subjects’ anxiety, perceived control, and sport confidence as they shot free throws in a pressure situation. …

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