Psychology Commons^™

The Necessities And Luxuries Of Mate Preferences: Testing The Tradeoffs, Norman P. Li, J. Michael Bailey, Douglas T. Kenrick, Joan A. W. Linsenmeier

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Social exchange and evolutionary models of mate selection incorporate economic assumptions but have not considered a key distinction between necessities and luxuries. This distinction can clarify an apparent paradox: Status and attractiveness, though emphasized by many researchers, are not typically rated highly by research participants. Three studies supported the hypothesis that women and men first ensure sufficient levels of necessities in potential mates before considering many other characteristics rated as more important in prior surveys. In Studies 1 and 2, participants designed ideal long-term mates, purchasing various characteristics with 3 different budgets. Study 3 used a mate-screening paradigm and showed …

Trends. Fetishism, Secrecy, And Security, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article discusses the Federation of American Scientists’ Secrecy News and how it characterized the Bush Administration’s stance towards the President’s Daily Brief as “fetishism.”

The Nature And Nurture Of Economic Outcomes, Bruce Sacerdote

Dartmouth Scholarship

The relative importance of biology and envi- ronment is one of the oldest and most prominent areas of scientific inquiry and has been exam- ined by researchers as diverse as David Hume (1748), Charles Darwin (1859), and Sigmund Freud (1930). Social scientists are particularly interested in the degree to which family and neighborhood environmental factors influence a child’s educational attainment and earnings. The stakes in this debate are quite high and far-reaching. As Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray (1994) point out, the effectiveness of anti- poverty and pro-education policies is largely de- pendent on the degree to which environment matters. …

Magical Thinking But No Magic: Implications For Sacred Terrorism, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes lay and scientific psychological constructs of magic with implications for terrorism perpetrated through religious motivation.

Trends. Zero-Sum Games And Terrorism: Israeli And Palestinian Contestants, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The construct of the zero-sum game has several denotations in the political psychological literature on conflict.

Selected Factors That Influenced A State's Collapse: A Historical Analysis Of The Case Of Sierra Leone, I. Betty Williams Conteh

Sociology & Criminal Justice Theses & Dissertations

Throughout the 1990s the United Nations Human Development Index, an annual report that measures human development, depicted Sierra Leone as one of, if not the poorest nation on the planet. In 2001, the same report depicted 162 countries in terms of human development and Sierra Leone ranked 162. This Sub-Saharan nation experienced a total collapse of its state and society beginning in 1990. The United Nations and the rest of the international community are only now beginning to work towards putting Sierra Leone together again.

This study investigate factors that led to the collapse of Sierra Leone--factors such as …

A Comparison Of The Learning Styles Of Graduate Athletic Training Students And Their Demographic Characteristics, Jennifer Lynn Plant

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

Using the Productivity Environmental Preference Survey (PEPS) and a self­ designed demographic survey, this study assessed the learning styles of students enrolled in a NATA approved graduate athletic training education program and compared the relationship between learning style preferences and the demographic characteristics of the graduate students. The PEPS survey is a 100-item Likert scale learning style inventory relating to 20 learning style elements of 4 domains: environmental, emotional, sociological, and physical. As part of the demographic research, participants completed measures assessing geographic, family, educational, and personal information.

Participants were 163 (55 men, 108 women) graduate athletic training students from …

The Effect Of Socioeconomic Status And Social Support On Work, Family, And Role Balance, April A. Perry

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

This study examined socioeconomic status and social supports in the context of balanced work, family, and overall roles. Based on previous research, higher socioeconomic status and increased social supports were hypothesized to increase work, family, and overall role balance. Participants were recruited by the peer adviser and in classrooms at Old Dominion University and surrounding Tidewater campuses. Only one of the correlations hypothesized was statistically significant. Support from Supervisor Index was positively correlated to Family/Work Balance. However, several non-hypothesized trends were found, in addition to non-hypothesized statistically significant correlations. Findings suggest that socioeconomic status and social supports may influence work, …

Heads And Hearts: The Teaching And Learning Environment In Law School, Gerald F. Hess

Journal of Legal Education

No abstract provided.

Road Rage: Where Is It Coming From?, Steven Leigh Pennington

Theses Digitization Project

This project will address the increasing problem of violence on our nations roadways. This form of violence, termed road rage, is also occurring worldwide.

Narcissism In First Time Expectant Fathers, Robin Sall

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Thirty-four first time expectant fathers were recruited to assess changes in their narcissistic characteristics over the course of their wife's pregnancy. The Selfism Scale (NS) (Phares & Erskine, 1984) was used to measure the developmental narcissistic response in first-time, expectant fathers. The results showed no significant difference in husband's narcissism across the three trimesters of pregnancy. Future studies should include a control group and a larger and more diverse sample.

The Impact Of Television Reports Of Prison Escapes On Anxiety : A Comparison Of Two Age Cohorts, Sofia Fisher

Theses : Honours

Television has been identified as being a major contributor to anxiety and fear of crime. The major aim of this study was to compare the level of state anxiety experienced individuals after viewing one of three versions of a television report related to prison escapes. The second aim was to determine if there were any differences in levels of anxiety between two age cohorts: middle-aged (35-45 years) and older-aged (65-75 years). A total of 120 participants were recruited using a snowball technique and randomly assigned to one of three groups using a lottery method. Participants completed demographic and attitudinal questionnaires, …

Adult Adoptees And The Psychological Processes Involved In The Decision To Search For Origins, Anne Ranee Farrar

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Positive And Negative Symptoms Of Schizotypy And The Five-Factor Model: A Domain And Facet Level Analysis, Scott R. Ross, Catherine J. Lutz, Steven E. Bailley

Psychology Faculty Publications

In this study, we investigated the Five-factor model in the concurrent prediction of positive symptomschizotypy as measured by the Magical Ideation (Eckblad & Chapman, 1983) and Perceptual Aberration (Chapman, Chapman, & Raulin, 1978) scales and negative symptom schizotypy as measured by the Physical Anhedonia (Chapman, Chapman, & Raulin, 1976) and Revised Social Anhedonia (Eckblad, Chapman, Chapman, & Mishlove, 1982; Mishlove & Chapman, 1985) scales. Previous studies suggest that these measures reflect the core symptoms found in schizotypal and schizoid personality disorder (Bailey, West, Widiger, & Freiman, 1993). Negative symptoms were significantly predicted by Neuroticism (+), Extraversion (-), Openness (-), and …

Peer Social Networks After The Transition To Secondary School : Adolescents' Perspectives, Angela E. Rowland

Theses : Honours

The transition from primary to secondary school has a considerable impact upon the social and academic lives of adolescents. An adolescent's sense of belonging (SoB) is important for determining school satisfaction and success during this transition. As SoB is partly developed through an individual's peer social network, this study explored the peer social networks for adolescents who have a SoB. Using the Psychological Sense of School Membership (PSSM) scale (Goodenow, 1993a), five females and three males with a high SoB completed sociological maps and participated in interviews in order to determine the structure and function of their peer social networks. …

Searching For Connections Between Domestic Violence And Social Conflict In Northern Ireland, Jeffrey M. Roberts

School of Business Student Theses and Dissertations

This Independent Problem Analysis explores the connection between domestic violence and social conflict in Northern Ireland. Specifically, it will review selected literature on domestic violence and examine social and cultural attitudes regarding violence in Northern Ireland. It will then analyze whether and how occurrences of domestic violence in Northern Ireland are affected by broader social conflict.

This analysis will begin with an overview of conflict theories that will be used to show depth of understanding in the conflict discipline and to determine a specific direction for the problem analysis. This will be followed by an exploration of factors that combine …

Correlates Of Deviant Behaviour : An Etiological Study, Siok Gim Chan

Student Works (2000-2009)

This study aims to ascertain whether social and personal resources are related to deviant behaviour of adolescents. The social resources investigated are those available to them in their home, peer-group and school, and are measured in terms of parental support, peer-group support and school experiences. The personal resources studied are concepts of self, coping behaviour and moral development. Comparing delinquent subjects to controls will ascertain the resources that helped adolescents abstain from deviant behaviour. Survey method is used for data collection. The questionnaire is administrated to 63 male delinquent subjects in an approved school. The questionnaire is posted to 16 …

The Planning Fallacy And Group Predictions: Are Groups More Or Less Biased Than Individuals?, Deanna L. Messervey

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Research on the “planning fallacy" shows that people tend to make overly optimistic predictions about the time it will take to complete a task,despite knowing that similar tasks in the past have exceeded predicted completion times. Although the planning fallacy has been well documented in individuals, few researchers have examined how groups make predictions interactively. The main purposes of this thesis are to examine whether people make overly optimistic predictions for group projects and whether group discussion exacerbates this optimistic bias. In three studies, participants were asked to make predictions for an upcoming collaborative task alter engaging in group discussion …

Sikap Dan Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Risalah Periklanan, Marziana Muhamad

Student Works (2000-2009)

Laporan penyelidikan ini membincangkan satu kajian di Seksyen 8, Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan tentang "Sikap dan Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Risalah Periklanan". Kajian ini dipilih kerana penyelidik merupakan salah seorang daripada penduduk yang menetap di Seksyen 8, Shah Alam dan daripada pemerhatian, didapati terlalu banyak risalah telah diedarkan ke dalam peti surat kediaman penduduk. Tujuan utama kajian ialah untuk mengetahui sikap dan persepsi penduduk terhadap risalah yang diedarkan kepada mereka. Di samping itu, kajian ini juga bertujuan untuk melihat kedudukan risalah mengikut pandangan dan penilaian para penduduk yang telah terdedah kepada pelbagai jenis dan bentuk iklan elektronik dan cetak. Hasil …

From Consumerism And Stereotypes To Pasta Sauce: A Study Of The Barriers Facing Stay-At-Home Fathers, Nastinia (Nina) Bailey-Dick

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

In the following thesis I describe and analyze the experiences of stay-at-home fathers by focussing on understanding, analyzing, and changing the barriers that discourage fathers from choosing the role of primary caregiver of their children. In this study, 19 stay-at-home fathers in Ontario (defined as fathers who are or have been the primary caregivers of their children for over 30 hours a week for at least a year) shared their experiences and perspectives regarding their roles as full-time parents through a written survey. Three of these fathers also shared their experiences through qualitative interviews. I found that full-time fathers face …

'Skippers Of The Shore Crew': Women And A Fish Plant Closure (Labrador), Sheila M. Keefe

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The closure of the east coast cod fishery in 1992 resulted in the largest industry lay-off in the country, stripping 35,000 Newfoundlanders and Labradorians of their source of livelihood--l2,000 of whom were women, employed predominately in the processing sector. While the impacts upon Newfoundland women have been the subject of considerable research (e.g., CMHA, 1994), little to no information has been gathered about Labrador women displaced by the closure of fishery. This is a serious gap in the literature--one which the present study attempts to address. The present study examined how senior women fish plant workers in the Labrador Métis …

What The Complainant Expects : A Study Of Car Users, D P S Verma, Gunjeet Kaur

IIMB Management Review

No abstract provided.

Social, Religious, And Personal Contributors To Prejudice, Robert Lundblad

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Prejudicial beliefs and behaviors have been viewed from numerous perspectives. Four factors, religious attitudes, pride of in-group membership, traditional beliefs, and certain personality types, have individually been shown to be associated with prejudice. Some researchers have looked at a few of these factors together, but none have looked at all four together to examine potential relationships and their individual contribution to prejudicial thinking. This research is designed to investigate attitudes toward out-groups, sources of prejudice, and religious outlook. Four measures of religious attitudes, the Quest scale of the Religious Life Inventory (RLI), the Intrinsic and Extrinsic scales from the Religious …

Understanding The Relationship Between Religiosity And Marriage: An Investigation Of The Immediate And Longitudinal Effect Of Religiosity On Newlywed Couples, Kieran T. Sullivan

Psychology

The association between religiosity and marital outcome has been repeatedly demonstrated. However, a complete understanding of this relationship is hindered by theoretical and methodological limitations. The purpose of the current study was to test three explanatory models by assessing two samples of newlywed couples. Findings indicate that religiosity is associated with attitudes toward divorce, commitment, and help-seeking attitudes cross-sectionally. Longitudinal effects, however, are most consistent with a moderating model, wherein religiosity has a positive impact on husbands, and wives' marital satisfaction for couples with less neurotic husbands, and a negative impact for couples with more neurotic husbands. Overall, the impact …

Handbook Of Marketing Scales : Multi-Item Measures For Marketing And Consumer Behavior Research (2nd Ed.) By William O Bearden And Richard G Netemeyer, 1998., Mithileshwar Jha

IIMB Management Review

No abstract provided.

(Review) World History For Behavior Analysts: Jared Diamond's Guns, Germs, And Steel, Stuart Vyse

Psychology Faculty Publications

The article examines two important messages for behavior analysts contained in the book "Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies," by Jared Diamond. It provides an environmentalist explanation of the different fates of the world's cultures that are compatible with the views of many behavior analysts. It details ways for behavior analysts to investigate the neglected forms of individual behavior.

Thinness In Women: The Impact Of Female Body Weight On Relationship Satisfaction And Commitment, Wendy Walter Campbell

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The current study represents an investigation of the impact of weight change on romantic relationships, and the hypothesized gender difference in the importance assigned to a partner's weight. Participants were 221 undergraduate students (148 women and 73 men) from a medium sized Midwestern University. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions in which their weight in a photo image was increased, decreased or left unchanged. Upon inspecting the image, participants were asked to complete measures of relationship satisfaction and commitment (including among others, items from the Dyadic Adjustment Scale [DAS]), the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale [KMSS], as well …

Weapons As Weapons: Another Northern Ireland Impasse, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article explores the psychology of weapons possession in the context of political conflict in Northern Ireland.

Trends. Border Security Legislation, Terrorism-Sponsoring Nations, And Evil, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The IBPP editor discusses limiting temporary visas for visitors from alleged terrorism-sponsoring nations as a way of "tightening" the security of national borders.

Communication And Shared Reality: Implications For The Psychological Foundations Of Culture, Ivy Yee-Man Lau, Chi-Yue Chiu, Sau-Lai Lee

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Lau et al present a conceptualization of the evolution of shared beliefs from individual interactions, focusing on the role of communication. They argue that the reciprocal relationship between shared reality and communication enables the development of systems of social representations at an individual level.