Psychology Commons^™

Influence Of Authority On Attitude Change Due To Vicarious Dissonance, Kendrick Settler Jr.

Scholars Week

Recent research has suggested that watching others behave in an inconsistent or inappropriate manner can cause dissonance, particularly when one identified with the person behaving inappropriately (Norton, Cooper, Monin, & Hogg, 2003). To examine the differences is vicarious dissonance on attitude change, undergraduate students (N = 123) participated in an experiment, which consisted of a pre and post 24-item dissonance-relevant test (Elliot & Devine, 1988), to measure affect change, the participate was asked to write about either a friend or teacher they respected most, a pre and post Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale (Aron, Aron, & Smollan, 1992) …

The Influence Of Gender And Language Complexity On The Credibility Of Expert Witness Testimony, Darcy Egan

Undergraduate Theses

With the increased use in expert witness testimony in civil trials, the decisions that jury members have made based on those testimonies have become very controversial. Previous research indicates that when a testimony is particularly complex, mock jurors will rely on cues outside the content of the testimony in order to determine the credibility of the witness. Research shows that there are different cues that are associated with higher credibility the expert. Common cues include the gender, occupation, and level of language complexity of the expert witness. This study used these three different cues as the independent variables, with two …

Teen Perception Of Texting And Driving In Rural West Virginia, Daniel Scott Kahn, Frank Fofie, Grant S. Buchanan, Md, Zain Qazi, Md, Timothy Wilson-Byrne Md, Tracy Legrow, Psyd, Franklin D. Shuler, Md, Phd

Marshall Journal of Medicine

In the last decade, texting and driving has evolved into a serious problem among the adolescent population. The goal of this study was to determine if education can effectively raise awareness of the dangers of texting and driving and positively influence the behavior of rural West Virginia teens. A 25 question survey designed to asses teen driving behavior was administered to 143 rural West Virginia high school students before and after and educational session. The educational session was designed to explain how texting and driving impairs driving ability and show graphic images of accidents and injuries that resulted from this …

"Women On Women Aggression" Predictors Of A Belief In Double Standards, April D. Crabtree

Scholars Week

"Woman on Woman Aggression": Predictors of Beliefs in Double Sex Standards

The presence of double standards is a topic that has been widely researched for the past several decades. Sexual double standards are based on the belief that sexual behaviors by women are viewed differently than when similar behaviors are exhibited by men. Early research stated that double standards were no longer much of an issue as seen in archival research by Crawford and Popp (2003). As they pulled research from previous decades, they concluded that double standards were not much of an issue in the 1970’s but resurfaced a …

Whiskey Tango Foxtrot: Militaristic Video Games On Nationalistic Attitudes And Violence, David I. Crittendon

Scholars Week

From arcade rooms to individual gaming consoles, video gaming has gained in popularity over the past decade. As graphics have improved, the games have taken on life like characteristics, and have exposed the new age gamer into a world of virtual reality. Multiple studies have shown that priming (the exposure to a stimulus to activate attitudes/behaviors) using the media has been shown to increase feelings of National Identity, and priming in video games has been shown to increase violence in the individual. In addition to these priming studies, immersion into an avatar viewpoint tends to desensitizes individuals to real-life experiences …

Exploring The Lived Experience Of People With Dementia Through Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, Helen F. Johnson

The Qualitative Report

Dementia is arguably one of the biggest challenges facing society today, impacting millions of people worldwide. Nonetheless, there is only a relatively small body of research exploring what it is like to live with dementia from the perspectives of people who have this condition. This is partly because of the (implicit or explicit) belief that people with dementia lack insight into their condition and cannot talk about their experiences clearly. In this article, I argue that such beliefs are typically both erroneous and unhelpful, and that there is great value in seeking to illuminate the lived experiences of people with …

A Mturk Facial Inference Study, Janine Swiney, Anthony Stahelski, Mary Radeke

Symposium Of University Research and Creative Expression (SOURCE)

This survey is one in a series of studies utilizing Amazon.com’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) to investigate the facial inference process. Participants in this study were asked to infer the emotions and personality traits shown in three facial expressions (angry, sad, happy) of young white females and males in six photographs. Each picture was presented for 10 seconds followed by four questions about the individual in the picture. The first question asked participants to identify the emotion shown, from a list of six emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise). The next three questions consist of condensed sets of the Big …

A Mturk Facial Inference Study, Janine Swiney, Anthony Stahelski, Mary Radeke

Symposium Of University Research and Creative Expression (SOURCE)

This survey is one in a series of studies utilizing Amazon.com’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) to investigate the facial inference process. Participants in this study were asked to infer the emotions and personality traits shown in three facial expressions (angry, sad, happy) of young white females and males in six photographs. Each picture was presented for 10 seconds followed by four questions about the individual in the picture. The first question asked participants to identify the emotion shown, from a list of six emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise). The next three questions consist of condensed sets of the Big …

Humor Production And Humor Receptivity In Relationship Satisfaction, Conflict And Quality, Elizabeth Herring

Honors Projects

In his book, The Mating Mind, evolutionary psychologist, Geoffrey Miller, argues that women and men are differentially attracted to mate characteristics due to their adaptive qualities. Specifically, Miller argues that women find men who are intelligent to be desirable, in part, because intelligence is a signal of a healthy brain. A healthy brain is a desirable mate characteristic over the course of evolutionary history, in part, because it would have enabled men to provide resources for his mate and his family, thus, allowing the female to pass on her genes. Similarly, men find females who are physically attractive to be …

Public Perceptions Of Privacy Toward The Usage Of Unmanned Aerial Systems: A Valid And Reliable Instrument, Rian Mehta, Stephen Rice, Scott Winter, Julie Moore, Korhan Oyman

Human Factors and Applied Psychology Student Conference

No abstract provided.

Deindividuation In Social Media, Rebecca Rohmeyer, Amy Bradshaw, Christina Frederick

Human Factors and Applied Psychology Student Conference

Deindiviuation in social media is increasing as more social media applications, such as Yik Yak, allow you to post anonymously. The deindividuation theory suggests that people who are anonymous in a group setting tend to act more aggressively than if their identity was known. It is important to understand why people do such actions while they are anonymous versus if their identity were known. For this study, Yik Yak posts from college students who attend Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University were collected to analyze. Seven participants were then given an Excel spreadsheet to sort and categorize each Yik Yak post into Content …

Consumer Perceptions About Cabin Depressurization During Hijackings, Rian Mehta, Stephen Rice, Scott Winter, Korhan Oyman

Human Factors and Applied Psychology Student Conference

No abstract provided.

Middle Schoolers’ Texting Behaviors: A Look At Individual Differences And Parental Attachment, Bradford Schroeder, Griselda Alavez, Valerie K. Sims

Human Factors and Applied Psychology Student Conference

The present study was conducted to assess individual differences in middle schoolers’ texting behaviors. Individual difference variables of interest were attachment to parents, gender, and age. Participants were recruited from a public middle school in Florida, and received permission from their parents to participate in this study. Once they provided their assent, they completed several self-reports which assessed the frequency and endorsement of texting behaviors, and their attachment to parents. The texting scale that was included for this study is based on a six sub-type texting scale which was normed on multiple groups of college students in Florida and derived …

Using Implicit Associations To Reveal Hidden Biases Toward Robots, Ashley Reardon, William Volante, Tracy Sanders, Peter Hancock

Human Factors and Applied Psychology Student Conference

Previously, the Implicit Associations Test (IAT) has been used to measure attitudes toward different human variables (i.e. race, religion, age) (Fazio, R. H., & Olson, M. A., 2003). In this present study, we extend this research to examine biases toward robots by assessing the association between humans and robots with negative and positive stimuli. Participants were recruited at a large southeastern university in the U.S. (n = 23, M_age = 19). The IAT was created in the Qualtrics survey engine where it contains 7 tasks. An improved scoring algorithm was used to examine reaction times from tasks 3, …

Age And Trust In Air Traffic Controllers: A Comparison Between Two Countries, Rian Mehta, Stephen Rice, Natasha Rao, Amandine Coudert, Korhan Oyman

Human Factors and Applied Psychology Student Conference

No abstract provided.

Quit Playing With Your Watch: Perceptions Of Smartwatch Use, Christopher M. Gaeta

Purdue Polytechnic Masters Theses

This study identified perceptions and social norms that may affect smartwatch adoption. Interviews were conducted to identify perceptions of smartwatch use and norms that might affect those perceptions. Smartwatch use was found to activate norms associated with wristwatch use – specifically, smartwatch users’ peers took offense to the users looking at their wristwatches. This study also found that norms prevent the use of smartwatches’ voice controls in public and various perceptions of smartwatch use and ownership.

Is College Making Men Less “Manly?”: The Influence Of Time Spent In A Liberal Arts Environment On Masculinity, Samuel Oakley

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Projects

In Otterbein’s explicitly-named and often-touted diverse and inclusive liberal arts collegiate environment, students are frequently exposed to the institution’s various messages regarding inclusive gender norms via administrative communications, curricular priorities, and the ideological content of extracurricular events. Taken together, institutional histories and contemporary practices demonstrate that Otterbein University purports to offer an environment permeated with an ideology that emphasizes the value of diversity, equality, and inclusion as part of a holistic educational experience.

My study includes three components. First, I administered the Bem (1971) Sex Role inventory (a scale originally designed to measure individual gender performance) to answer the following …

Virginity And Guilt Differences Between Men And Women, Caitlin M. Lipman, Alexis J. Moore

Butler Journal of Undergraduate Research

In this research, the authors measured the levels of sexual guilt between two groups of people on multiple levels, virgins and nonvirgins, by gender. The differences between men and women when it comes to virginity will also be studied. Based on the sample size of college students, N = 364. College students (N=364) completed a 34-item online survey of questions that measure guilt levels. Ten out of the twenty questions are demographic questions, such as: age, ethnicity, religion, year, etc. The other questions were a combination of Likert scaled questions and open ended responses. We predicted that females will produce …

Masculinity And Body Shame: A Comparative Path Analysis, Amanda Dale

UCARE: Research Products

A series of regression analyses were conducted to determine the direct and indirect relationships among individual difference variables to predict body shame at four levels. Tables 1 and 2 report which variables were significantly predictive at each level for men and women, respectively, while Figures 1 and 2 depict the structures of each trimmed model showing only the significant pathways to highlight the structural differences between the models.

The overall fit of the models for men and women were 51.11% and 44.16%, respectively. At the first level, predicting self-objectification, BMI, sexual victimization, and body evaluation were significant predictors for men, …

Control Threat Induces Internalization Of Benevolent Sexism Among Women, Zheng Li

Annual Graduate Student Symposium

Women in a community, but not college sample, tended to accept benevolent sexism and traditional gender roles to a greater extent when they felt their control was threatened.

Perceptions Of College Instructors Toward Accented English Measured By The Auditory Multifactor Implicit Association Test, Eunkyung Na

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the implicit language attitudes of college-level instructors toward accented English and the effect of gender, teaching experience, and home language background on those attitudes. The auditory multifactor Implicit Association Test (IAT) was used to measure the implicit attitudes toward Standard, Chinese, Hispanic, and Korean accented English. For the current study, audio stimuli were embedded into the multifactor IAT, which became available for the first time in 2014. The auditory multifactor IAT generated implicit preference scores of six pairs of accented English: Standard vs. Chinese, Standard vs. Hispanic, Standard vs. Korean, Chinese vs. …

Team Interaction Dynamics During Collaborative Problem Solving, Travis J. Wiltshire, Stephen M. Fiore Ph.D.

Human Factors and Applied Psychology Student Conference

The need for better understanding collaborative problem solving (CPS) is rising in prominence as many organizations are increasingly addressing complex problems requiring the combination of diverse sets of individual expertise to address novel situations. This research draws from theoretical and empirical work that describes the knowledge coordination arising from team communications during CPS and builds from this by incorporating methods to study interaction dynamics. Interaction between team members in such contexts is inherently dynamic and exhibits nonlinear patterns not accounted for by extant research methods. To redress this gap, the present study draws from methods designed to study social and …

The Reciprocal Relations Between Self-Compassion And Romantic Relationship Variables, Sarah S. Zhang, Khanh Bui Dr., Cindy Miller-Perrin Dr., Elizabeth Mancuso Dr.

Seaver College Research And Scholarly Achievement Symposium

This study examined the reciprocal relations between self-compassion and romantic relationship variables longitudinally. Participants included a community sample of 107 U.S. adults (46% female, 54% male, M_age = 34.53 years) who were in the same relationship at both data-collection points. The cross-sectional correlational analyses demonstrated that at both time-points, self-compassion was positively associated with both relationship quality and satisfaction. Structural equation modeling was used to test a longitudinal mediation model, which represented a good fit to the data (χ² = 28.49, df = 13, χ²/df = 2.19, p = .008; GFI = .95; CFI = …

Positive Attitudes As A Mediator Between Moral Disengagement And Cyberbullying Behaviors, Kailee Kodama, Jennifer Harriger, Elizabeth Mancuso Dr., Cindy Miller-Perrin

Seaver College Research And Scholarly Achievement Symposium

Objective. The current study examined whether (1) higher moral disengagement scores would be positively correlated with higher frequencies of engaging in cyberbullying, (2) positive attitude scores would be positively correlated with higher frequencies of engaging in cyberbullying, and (3) positive attitudes towards cyberbullying would mediate links between moral disengagement and frequency of engaging in cyberbullying.

Method. Three surveys, the Mechanisms of Moral Disengagement Scale (MMD), Cyberbullying Perpetration Measure (CPM), and Positive Attitudes towards Cyberbullying Questionnaire (PATC) were administered to 114 undergraduate students.

Results. Correlational analysis indicated significant positive correlations between PATC and CPM scores (r = .442, p < .01), CPM and MMD scores (r …