International Relations Commons^™

From Pipedream To Possibility: How European Integration Has Helped Secessionist Movements, Austin E. Bicknell

Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union

The European project has brought the states of Europe ever closer together while inadvertently strengthening secessionist movements that seek to fracture the very states it has brought together. Through integration, many of the benefits a region with a potential desire for independence gains from remaining a part of its host state are transferred to the European level. Current academic consensus argues that European integration has overall harmed secessionist movements, but since the UKs decision to leave the EU, this argument has become outdated and no longer holds the strength it once did. This article uses current academic literature on the …

Is The Schengen Area Worth Saving?, Charlotte Coon

Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union

The passport-free regime in Europe known as the Schengen Area is comprised of 26 of the 27 European Union (EU) member states plus Norway, Iceland, Switzerland, and Lichtenstein. Signed in 1995, the Schengen Agreement was intended to address the problem of enforcing borders between increasingly connected European countries and has expanded to include non-EU member states since then. This paper will lay out the arguments of those in favor of preserving the Schengen Area, who argue that the benefits of solidarity and free movement of people far outweigh the potential risks, as well as the most prominent criticisms of Schengen, …

Table Of Contents

Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union

No abstract provided.

The Xx Factor: The Influence Of Legislative Gender Parity On Migrant Integration Policy In The Eu Member States, Katherine Y. Kramer Gaines

Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union

Many European states have been affected by the so-called European migrant crisis of the 2010s. The UNHCR has said that focusing on integrating migrants is “the most relevant durable solution” for European Union member states. Policies can help pave the road to success for refugees and migrants alike in new, unfamiliar lands. Such policies are associated with migrants’ abilities to reunite with family, find jobs, receive healthcare and education, gain permanent residence and nationality, politically participate, evade discrimination, and fully integrate into the new society they reside in. Using a gender parity lens with cross-sectional, quantitative analysis, this research shows …

Variations In Migration In The Baltic States, Annalise Simons

Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union

This paper seeks to answer a driving research question: Why do the Baltic Countries exhibit disparate levels of immigration and emigration? The paper considers the period from 2004, when Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania became European Union member states, up to 2019. Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia, while all small states in the same region, experience different levels of net migration. As Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia maintain small populations with negative natural population increases, migration inflows and outflows are quite significant. Among the three, Latvia and Lithuania have experienced dramatically negative net migration. Examining the push and pull factors influencing net migration …

The Descriptive Representation Of Women In The 9th European Parliament, Licinia Güttel

Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union

The European Parliament is often praised for its gender-equal composition and its high descriptive representation of women. However, there is a remarkable gender gap between the representation of women at the national and European level, and it is debated how these variations can be explained. After discussing theories of representation and reviewing data from the European Parliament on the share of women in national delegations and the political groups in the 9th European Parliament after Brexit, this paper evaluates whether institutional and contextual factors can explain the gender gap between the national and supranational level. It argues that the representation …

Buying-Up Europe No More? How The European Union Has Responded To The Challenges Of Chinese Foreign Direct Investment, Ethan Kable

Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union

towards Chinese outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) has evolved over the past decade. I contend that the EU was quite receptive to Chinese OFDI at the beginning of the decade, due to both ideological leanings and the economic context of a post-crisis Europe. I then illustrate how the EU slowly adopted a more guarded and critical approach towards Chinese OFDI. This paper will focus specifically on four key issues surrounding Chinese OFDI policy: national security, technology transfers and IP theft, state support for Chinese firms, and market access, ultimately arguing that bilateral investment treaty (BIT) negotiations and the new EU …

Putting The ‘D’ Into The Oecd – The Dac In The Cold War Years, Richard Woodward

Books/Book Chapters

This chapter charts the DAC’s Cold War history. During this period the DAC established much of the institutional and intellectual scaffolding of international development cooperation. Moreover, participation in the DAC also orchestrated a quiet revolution in the identities of its members, forging them into an imagined community of donors in which the supply of development assistance came to be seen as a routine function of modern industrialised states. Although the Cold War provided the overarching backdrop, the chapter also teases out some of the other key features of the landscape inhabited by the DAC and how they constrained and enabled …

Trump's Legacy In The Middle East: Strategic Shift And The Geopolitics Of American Foreign Policy In The Region, Bilel Kriaa

Dissertations and Theses

The last six months of the Trump administration witnessed interesting developments regarding its legacy in the Middle East. The normalization of ties between four Arab states and Israel constituted major breakthroughs not only in the regional inter-state relations but also for the American foreign policy in the region.

In this context, this thesis offers insights into how to understand and evaluate the administration's approach towards these developments. Based on systematic and empirical research, I analyze a corpus comprised of Trump-era foreign policy documents regarding the Iranian and Israeli-Palestinian questions. I find, firstly, that the Trump administration pursued a strategic shift …

Diary Of An Afghan Woman Collection - September 2021

TSOS Interview Gallery

Four women share with us their daily lives in Afghanistan. Join them as they express their love for the country, the people, and each other; and as they share with you their deepest fears and most intimate moments.

They refuse to be silenced as they journey through this new, uncharted chapter in Afghanistan's history.

We at TSOS are honored to provide a platform for their voices to be heard. We will post entries as we receive them. For safety purposes, names have been changed and only avatars (designed with input from each woman) will be used.

ZOYA

Zoya is a …

Laws: Prospects Of Regulation, Sam M. Arkin

Glatfelter Gazette

Lethally Autonomous Weapons Systems are a new emerging technology within the international arena, yet prospects of regulation have scarcely been discussed. This means that this technology, if further developed without regulation, could cause significant casualties and violations of International Humanitarian Law. While this hasn't happened yet, it is important to have these discussions now because later may be too late. This technology is developing fast and is going relatively unnoticed or not understood by many.

Orban's Hungary: Lack Of Freedoms Becoming The Motivation For Hungarian Emigration, Fanni Sampson

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

In the past 10 years Hungary has gone through some major systematic changes since the Orban administration took office. The implementations of the Orban government serve the benefits and power of his party and aim to limit the freedom of Hungarian citizens. Orban, throughout these changes, emphasizes the importance of preserving the Hungarian national identity, which he defines as far-right conservative christian values and takes control over everything that does not fit under this definition. This thesis argues that the Hungarian government is becoming increasingly dictatorial under the Orban administration which not only challenges the life of Hungarian citizens but …

Demobilizing And Reintegrating Ex-Combatants: Explaining Success And Failure On The National And Subnational Levels, Sally Sharif

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR) is the largest intervention in nearly all the United Nation ongoing large-scale peacekeeping missions and is tasked with restoring public security, law, and order after conflict. A well-planned and flexible reintegration process is known to restore social capital and promote the viability of long-term peace locally, nationally, and internationally. War-torn countries run the risk of returning to war if former combatants are not provided with vocational skills, placed into employment, and reintegrated successfully. Through analyzing DDR programs on the macro-, meso-, and micro-levels, this dissertation is an attempt at finding determinants for a successful DDR …

America And The World Health Organization: Through Covid-19 And Beyond, David M. Goad

Liberty University Journal of Statesmanship & Public Policy

As the COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated, in today’s interconnected, globalized world, the state of global health has profound implications for the national security and economic interests of the United States (U.S.) and thus the overall well-being of American citizens. Almost a year after COVID-19 first surfaced in Wuhan, China, the international community continues to reel from the myriad medical, economic, and social impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the U.S., the pandemic has brought the country’s relationship with the World Health Organization (WHO) into serious question, concerning both America’s financial support of the WHO and its membership in the Organization. …

Cold Turkey: Will The Recent Freeze In Turkish Nato Relations Spiral Into A Bigger Problem?, Ashlyn Cowell, Reagan Nelson, Paul Prentice, Brent Schuliger, Nathan Waite

Liberty University Journal of Statesmanship & Public Policy

Situated in a strategic location bridging the gap between Europe and Asia, Turkey has been a valuable member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) for decades. However, recent events have inflamed underlying tensions between Turkey and other NATO member states. This research seeks to determine if the escalation will cause Turkey to withdraw from the alliance within the next five years. In order to accomplish this, our team conducted both quantitative and qualitative research on current and historical economic, political, and cultural conditions driving the conflict. Following this research, our team synthesized the data using structured analytic techniques (SATs) …

“Covid 19, Its Effect On Stateless Persons And The Response Of The International Community”, Tobi Achudume

The Journal of International Relations, Peace Studies, and Development

A good number of research has been carried out on how COVID-19 has affected the State in terms of population, economy and health services of different countries. However, a group that is often excluded from these statistics is the “stateless person”. This article critically examines the presence of stateless persons in states and the different categories of these that exist. These stateless persons are made up of refugees and migrants and people that have come from very poor conditions of living. In both developed and developing countries, these persons are the most vulnerable and exposed to the pandemic. This article …

The Psychological Effects Of Israel’S Security Narrative On Palestinians In The West Bank And Gaza And Its Implications For Conflict Management, Gabrielle Childs

The Journal of International Relations, Peace Studies, and Development

Israel began constructing a separation barrier in 2003 in response to increasing terrorism and suicide bombings by the Palestinians during the Second Intifada (Dowty, 2005, p. 171). The separation barrier is an elaborate 400-mile security system of concrete walls, fences, barricades and checkpoints built to protect Israeli citizens (Vick & Arik, 2010). The wall portion of the barrier was constructed of thick reinforced concrete, stands approximately 25 feet tall, and separates the West Bank and Israel boundaries. There is bitter contention over whether the barrier was properly placed along the official partition boundaries. The concrete barriers were built in the …

The Journal Of International Relations, Peace And Development Studies 6th Edition, Issue 2 Introduction, The Ags Conference Team

The Journal of International Relations, Peace Studies, and Development

This second issue of the journal is special publication to exhibit the works that were present at the 2021 AGS International Graduate Student Conference, on April 30th, which discussed the various causes, consequences and solutions of statelessness.

Applying Classical Realism, Institutional Liberalism And Normative Theory To The Development And Distribution Of A Covid-19 Vaccine, Timothy Fay

Gettysburg Social Sciences Review

The development of a safe and effective Coronavirus vaccine has dominated the concerns of the international community over the course of the last six months. While the global community agrees on the importance of its development, it is not entirely clear how a vaccine will be distributed globally. The implications of which entity, whether a state or private company, develops a trusted vaccine first and how efficiently and equitably that vaccine is distributed are yet to be seen. Using Classical Realism, Institutional Liberalism, and Normative Theory, this paper seeks to discuss and analyze how the development of a vaccine will …

Research On The Development Of Shipping Alliance, Xudong Zhao

World Maritime University Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Port Development Under The Background Of One Belt One Road, Shiao Lin

World Maritime University Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Research On Inter Action Between The International Competitiveness Of Ports And Hinterland Economy : A Case Study On Beibu Gulf Port Group, Jiayu Li

World Maritime University Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Crisis Management Lessons From The Clinton Administration's Implementation Of Presidential Decision Directive 56, Leonard R. Hawley

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

Drawing on personal experience, the author asks what the current administration can learn from the Clinton administration’s implementation of Presidential Decision Directive 56, examines the real-world application of the directive during the Clinton administration and the pitfalls of its agency-centric successor during the Bush administration, and identifies recurring problems and best practices for successfully responding to current global crises.

Why Buffer Zones Could Combat The Ongoing War In Afghanistan, Erika Simpson

Political Science Publications

Amidst escalating conflict in Afghanistan, there's a growing call for buffer zones or Zones of Peace (ZoPs). These would be safe areas around key cities to protect civilians and promote stability amid ongoing violence. The idea is to create safe havens, truce corridors, and temporary lifelines managed by neutral parties like the United Nations.

Buffer zones draw on past successes and aim to provide refuge, aid, and a chance for peace amidst the turmoil. They could help mitigate humanitarian crises and support local communities, showing potential for easing tensions and fostering stability in Afghanistan.

Turkish Image In American Official Documents In The Onset Of The Cold War, 1945-1952, Zeynep Koc

International Programs

American foreign policy during the Cold War years were formulated in accordance with geopolitical considerations, which constitute a general overview for American geopolitical imagination. The imagination in question was shaped by so-called Soviet threat that aimed at increasing Soviet spheres of influence in all over the world. In such a framework, Turkey had constituted one of the pillars of geopolitical strategy of the US. On this basis, Turkey’s image in American foreign policy papers is the main analytical interest of this paper. It analyzes articulation of Turkish image within official American foreign policy intelligence documents by conducting a post structuralist …

Commemorating The Hiroshima-Nagasaki Bombings And A Call For Nuclear Disarmament, Erika Simpson

Political Science Publications

This year marks 76 years since atomic bombs devastated Hiroshima and Nagasaki, highlighting the tragic impact on civilians. Debates continue on their role in Japan's surrender. The International Court of Justice urges global nuclear disarmament. Canadian groups like CNANW and CPRA push for disarmament amid ongoing modernization of nuclear arsenals. They call on Canada to prioritize disarmament, join treaties like the TPNW, and lead within NATO for a nuclear-free world. They stress the need for a strong security framework to prevent nuclear threats, inspired by survivors like Setsuko Thurlow.

Yosuf, Yosuf, Tsos

TSOS Interview Gallery

Yosef and his family of four are from the Herat Province in Afghanistan. The eldest child used to sell potatoes with Ibrahim, the middle child, who was killed by a landmine planted by counter-revolutionaries. As a result, the eldest child, Ismail, developed severe nerve and mental issues, and the wife, who is now pregnant, frequently has seizures. They sold their home to treat Ismail, but doctors say nothing can be done. Ismail’s condition continues to worsen, but he refuses to leave to see a doctor because he is afraid of the police for an unknown reason. Yosef says he is …

Review Of Mediation And Governance In Fragile Contexts: Small Steps To Peace, Elias Opongo

The Journal of Social Encounters

No abstract provided.

Peacebuilding, Liberian Women, And The Invisible Hand Of Conflict In The Postwar Era, Selina Gallo-Cruz, Renée Remsberg

The Journal of Social Encounters

Liberian women gained international acclaim for their courage and persistence in bringing warring factions into a peace agreement in 2003, after a 14-year-long civil war that devastated the country, with over 250,000 killed, millions displaced, and a population left traumatized and in political and economic ruin. This study explores the challenges that women have faced in the years following the civil war with a focus on whether the international community has supported women’s advancements in Liberia. We find that while some efforts to support gender mainstreaming have been helpful, there remain serious political, economic, and social inequalities that threaten both …

“Wepeace” And Women Peacekeeping In The Philippines, Arlyssa Bianca Pabotoy

The Journal of Social Encounters

The “Women’s Agency in Keeping the Peace, Promoting Security” or “WePeace” is an initiative to capacitate selected community women in the Philippines on gender-responsive peacemaking and peacekeeping. This essay describes how the project has helped form women peacekeeping teams and enabled women’s increased participation in existing peacekeeping mechanisms. The community women are from four different areas in the country facing different conflict lines: tribal wars, clan wars or “rido”, internal displacement, and development aggression.