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Articles 1 - 19 of 19
Full-Text Articles in Comparative Politics
Agenda Setting And Gridlock In A Multiparty Coalitional Presidential System: The Case Of Brazil, Taeko Hiroi, Lucio Renno
Agenda Setting And Gridlock In A Multiparty Coalitional Presidential System: The Case Of Brazil, Taeko Hiroi, Lucio Renno
Selected Works Temporary Series
No abstract provided.
Institutional And Partisan Sources Of Legislative Conflict: The Brazilian Case, Taeko Hiroi, Lucio Renno
Institutional And Partisan Sources Of Legislative Conflict: The Brazilian Case, Taeko Hiroi, Lucio Renno
Selected Works Temporary Series
We assess the effects of individual, partisan, and institutional dimensions of conflict on the duration and outcome of the legislative processes in the Brazilian Congress. Our analysis indicates that legislative approval is more likely when the size of the governing coalition is either relatively small or extremely large and least likely when the coalition size is barely over the supermajority threshold to approve constitutional amendments. In contrast, legislative rejection is less likely with either modestly sized coalitions or very large coalitions, but most likely when it is approximately the size of the supermajority threshold. We also find that the effects …
Examining The Distinct Effects Of Emotive Triggers On Public Reactions To International Terrorism, Cigdem Sirin, Nehemia Geva
Examining The Distinct Effects Of Emotive Triggers On Public Reactions To International Terrorism, Cigdem Sirin, Nehemia Geva
Selected Works Temporary Series
In recent years, a growing body of research has set out to examine the role that emotions play in shaping political attitudes and behaviors regarding terrorism. However, one major issue that is generally overlooked is whether the thematic relevance of emotive triggers leads to differential effects on people's reactions to international terrorism. Specifically, does anger—regardless of its source—tend to drive people towards supporting an aggressive foreign policy option to counter terrorism, or do the thematic underpinnings of anger (i.e., the specific contents that trigger this particular emotion, such as watching a news story about a recent terrorist attack) matter vis-à-vis …
Governability And Accountability In Brazil: Dilemma Of Coalitional Presidentialism, Taeko Hiroi
Governability And Accountability In Brazil: Dilemma Of Coalitional Presidentialism, Taeko Hiroi
Selected Works Temporary Series
This article seeks to answer an important puzzle in Brazilian politics: What explains the legislative struggles and defeats by a president who holds a large congressional base? In the post-democratization period, most Brazilian presidents have amassed large congressional bases of support by forming governing coalitions comprised of various legislative parties. Conventional wisdom would indicate that large legislative bases would facilitate presidents to pursue their legislative agenda. However, successive presidents have faced legislative obstruction, gridlock, and defeats in Congress. This article shows how Brazil’s political institutions engender the perpetual need for presidents to create multiparty coalitions to navigate through the system …
The Curvilinear Effects Of Economic Development On Domestic Terrorism, Charles Boehmer, Mark Daube
The Curvilinear Effects Of Economic Development On Domestic Terrorism, Charles Boehmer, Mark Daube
Selected Works Temporary Series
This paper investigates the relationship between economic developmentand domestic terrorism. We argue states at intermediate levels of developmentgo through socioeconomic changes that result when traditional economiesare replaced by modern economic relations, which may lead to grievances andsocial mobilizations conducive to terrorism. The effects of economic developmentshould have a curvilinear effect on domestic terrorism. We test our theory usingthe GTD dataset and find support for our theory. We show that states at intermediatelevels of economic development are more prone to domestic terror attacksthan the poorest and richest states. Terror events would appear more likely wherestates fail to provide, or reduce, an …
Debatendo A Política De Imigração Europeia: Perspectivas Para Liberalização Da Imigração De Terceiros A Ue (Debating European Union Immigration: Policy: Prospects For Third Party Immigration Liberalization), Gaspare Genna
Selected Works Temporary Series
This paper assesses the likelihood of developing an European Union level immigration control policy and the liberalization of third party immigration by using hypotheses developed from social identity theory. Through an analysis of Eurobarometer data collected in 2000, I confirm prior work which indicates that support for an EU level policy is more likely if individuals hold an EUropean identity. However intergroup competition (EU citizens vs. third party immigration) will lower the likelihood, even among European identity holders. Also the belief that an EU level policy would liberalize third party immigration also lowers the likelihood of supporting such a policy. …
Sistemas Eleitorais E Prevaricação No Congresso: Comparando Senadores E Deputados Brasileiros Em Casos Na Suprema Corte, Taeko Hiroi
Selected Works Temporary Series
Este artigo contribui para o nosso entendimento da relação entreos sistemas eleitorais e improbidade legislativa ao examinar a questão dovoto individual, da magnitude do distrito eleitoral e da accountability póseleitoral.Estudos que enfatizam a responsabilidade individual do eleitorargumentam que sistemas eleitorais de voto direto, individual, promovemo bom desempenho por parte dos políticos eleitos e restringem sua máconduta ao permitirem que os eleitores identifiquem, monitorem eresponsabilizem os políticos em quem votaram. Outra vertente da literaturaafirma que distritos eleitorais de ampla magnitude asseguram adisponibilidade de bons políticos e competição eleitoral, o que reduziria aprevaricação. À primeira vista, sistemas de voto individual com distritoseleitorais …
Electoral Systems And Congressional Malfeasance: Comparing Brazilian Senators And Deputies In The Supreme Court Cases (English Version), Taeko Hiroi
Selected Works Temporary Series
This article contributes to our understanding of the relationship between electoral systems and legislative malfeasance by examining personal vote, district magnitude, and electoral accountability. Studies emphasizing individual responsibility argue that personal-vote electoral systems promote good performance by elected politicians and constrain their malfeasance by enabling voters to identify, monitor, and hold responsible individual politicians. Another strand of the literature claims that large district magnitude ensures the availability of good politicians and electoral competition, which reduce malfeasance. At first glance, personal-vote systems with relatively large magnitude districts, such as open-list proportional representation, appear to combine the beneficial attributes of the electoral …
Analyzing The Determinants Of Group Identity Among Alevis In Turkey: A National Survey Study, Cigdem Sirin
Analyzing The Determinants Of Group Identity Among Alevis In Turkey: A National Survey Study, Cigdem Sirin
Selected Works Temporary Series
This study systematically explores the factors that affect collective identity associations within the Alevi community in Turkey by employing the social identity approach and examining survey data collected through fieldwork. The results show that Kurdish Alevis express lower levels of attachment to their religious identity as compared to Turkish Alevis. The results also indicate that personal experiences of discrimination tend to increase one's prioritization of Alevi identity. Last, no significant differences are observed regarding group identity between Alevis who reside in urban areas and those who live in rural areas.
Public Support For Military Interventions Across Levels Of Political Information And Stages Of Intervention: The Case Of The Iraq War, Cigdem Sirin
Selected Works Temporary Series
This study examines the effect of political information levels and intervention stages on the formation and continuity of public support for military interventions by analyzing survey data pertaining to the 2003 military intervention in Iraq. The results show that before and immediately after the launch of the intervention, politically uninformed individuals expressed higher support for the war compared to politically informed ones. However, as the intervention proceeded and casualties were incurred, higher rates of decrease in support were observed among the politically uninformed. Politically informed individuals, on the other hand, demonstrated more stable levels of support throughout the course of …
Examining The Role Of Identity In Negotiation Decision Making: The Case Of Cyprus, Cigdem Sirin
Examining The Role Of Identity In Negotiation Decision Making: The Case Of Cyprus, Cigdem Sirin
Selected Works Temporary Series
This study examines the effects of ethnic and social identities on negotiation decision making in the context of the Cyprus conflict. I conduct a theory-driven case study of the 1959 Zurich-London agreements on Cyprus, analyzing the positions of Turkey, Greece, Britain, and the Turkish and Greek Cypriot communities during the negotiation process. I find that even in the presence of adversarial ethnic ties, decision makers who have a shared (and salient) social identity are more likely to employ collective-serving decision strategies and seek evenhanded solutions that will not jeopardize their mutual interests. In contrast, decision makers with severe ethnic fragmentation …
From Nixon’S War On Drugs To Obama’S Drug Policies Today: Presidential Progress In Addressing Racial Injustices And Disparities, Cigdem Sirin
Selected Works Temporary Series
This study investigates presidential progress in addressing racial injustices and disparities within the context of the war on drugs. I argue that racial inequalities emanating from the war on drugs have been largely overlooked and at times aggravated by previous administrations. Although there have been some improvements in this regard since President Obama took office, more extensive policy reforms are needed to better remedy such inequalities. I also argue that the viability of a progressive presidency for racial justice vis-à-vis U.S. drug policies depends not only on the personal agenda of the president but also on a supportive public as …
Examining The Effects Of Political Information And Intervention Stages On Public Support For Military Interventions: A Panel Experiment, Cigdem Sirin
Selected Works Temporary Series
This study examines the formation and continuity of public support for military interventions as a function of political information levels and intervention stages using a panel experiment. The results demonstrate that politically informed individuals express less support for a military intervention at the beginning of that intervention compared to uninformed ones. However, as the intervention proceeds and casualties are incurred, the support of politically uninformed people decreases at a higher rate than does the support of the politically informed. As such, politically informed individuals demonstrate more stable levels of support across intervention stages. In addition, success or failure of an …
Is It Cohesion Or Diversion? Domestic Instability And The Use Of Force In International Crises, Cigdem Sirin
Is It Cohesion Or Diversion? Domestic Instability And The Use Of Force In International Crises, Cigdem Sirin
Selected Works Temporary Series
This study asserts that cohesionary—rather than diversionary—motives primarily influence the propensity of political leaders to use external force in international crises in times of domestic turmoil. Specifically, I contend that mass violence leads political leaders to engage in cohesionary tactics to achieve and maintain social order in their country for political survival. Employing random effects probit analyses with International Crisis Behavior (ICB) data for one-hundred and thirty-nine countries from 1918 to 2005, I find that increased mass violence is more likely than other forms of domestic problems (be it an economic downturn or government instability) to instigate the external use …
Scarcity-Induced Domestic Conflict: Examining The Interactive Effects Of Environmental Scarcity And ‘Ethnic’ Population Pressures, Cigdem Sirin
Selected Works Temporary Series
This study argues that environmental scarcity is more likely to result in civil conflict in countries that experience ‘ethnic’ population pressures (i.e. where the size of the largest minority group is close to parity with the majority group). I refer to this argument as the ‘parity-threat’ approach to the study of scarcity-induced domestic conflict. I empirically test my argument by analysing time-series cross-section data for the period 1979–2000 using four alternative environmental indicators: (1) ecological footprint, (2) biocapacity, (3) scarcity of ecological reserves and (4) water scarcity. The results demonstrate that environmental scarcity increases the probability of civil conflict when …
Does North America Have The Right Stuff? An Analysis Of Compatibility And The Potential Deepening Of North American Integration, Gaspare Genna
Does North America Have The Right Stuff? An Analysis Of Compatibility And The Potential Deepening Of North American Integration, Gaspare Genna
Selected Works Temporary Series
This article assesses the current and future levels of North American integration. Econometric models that compare integration around the world indicate that integration deepens when countries have similar domestic, political, and economic institutions, and are economically asymmetrical. It is theorized that similar domestic institutions reduce transaction costs and uncertainty of success for firms while economic asymmetry provides incentives for and coordination among member states. In addition, institutional homogeneity also affects the level of integration. Currently, the North American partners lack high levels of these conditions, which explains the low level of integration. The analysis concludes with policy recommendations to improve …
Political Information And Emotions In Ethnic Conflict Interventions, Cigdem Sirin, José Villalobos, Nehemia Geva
Political Information And Emotions In Ethnic Conflict Interventions, Cigdem Sirin, José Villalobos, Nehemia Geva
Selected Works Temporary Series
This study explores the effects of political information and anger on the public’s cognitive processing and foreign policy preferences concerning third-party interventions in ethnic conflict. Our study employs an experimental design wherein we manipulate policy-specific information by generating ad hoc political information related to ethnic conflict. The statistical methods of analysis are logistic regression and analysis of covariance. The results demonstrate that both political information and anger have a significant impact on an individual’s cognitive processing and policy preferences regarding ethnic conflict interventions. Specifically, political information increases one’s proclivity to choose non-military policy options, whereas anger instigates support for aggressive …
Central Bank Independence In Words And In Deeds: Lessons From Brazil And Chile, Taeko Hiroi, Douglas Block
Central Bank Independence In Words And In Deeds: Lessons From Brazil And Chile, Taeko Hiroi, Douglas Block
Selected Works Temporary Series
Political independence of the central bank is considered to bring financial stability to a nation and therefore to foster economic growth by providing safe investment environments. However, granting a central bank autonomy is politically contentious because of the implications such independence will entail for politicians in terms of their ability to influence monetary policy. This chapter analyzes central bank independence in words and in deeds. The first part discusses the existing literature on central bank independence and problems associated with its measurement. The implications of this debate are analyzed with two Latin American countries, Brazil and Chile. In Brazil, the …
The Small N Methodological Challenges Of Analyzing Regional Integration, Gaspare Genna, Philippe Delombaerde
The Small N Methodological Challenges Of Analyzing Regional Integration, Gaspare Genna, Philippe Delombaerde
Selected Works Temporary Series
As the number of regional integration organizations increases, the attention to case selection in small-N qualitative analysis becomes more necessary in order to avoid selection biases that could produce results with doubtful generalizations. This paper addresses the problem of selecting cases and offers solutions to potential pitfalls in research. First we examine various research designs in qualitative methods and discuss the problems of selecting observations on the dependent variable. We next discuss the operational definition of regions. In order to select from a population of observations, it is important to understand what is and what is not included. Finally, a …