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Articles 1 - 14 of 14
Full-Text Articles in Comparative Politics
Han Feizi On Reputation-Driven Disobedience: A Comparative Study, Antong Liu
Han Feizi On Reputation-Driven Disobedience: A Comparative Study, Antong Liu
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Must absolutist states resort to intimidation and coercion to tackle subjects' disobedience driven by their pursuit of reputation? Since canonical early modern Western thinkers broached but did not solve this question, I turn to the most renowned ancient Chinese Legalist Han Feizi's understudied account of reputation for answers. Whether as a means or an end, individuals' pursuit of reputation always challenges the authority of the absolute monarchy that endeavors to centralize state power. Forcefully confronting this pursuit is the barely but only acceptable way for the state to tackle this challenge, as non-confrontational strategies favored by many Western thinkers inevitably …
From Guo To Tianxia: Linking Two Daoist Theories Of International Relations, Devin K. Joshi
From Guo To Tianxia: Linking Two Daoist Theories Of International Relations, Devin K. Joshi
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This study examines the international relations theory (IRT) of Daoism, one of Asia’s long-standing traditions to have theorized international politics. Drawing upon Laozi’s Dao De Jing, this study elucidates two Daoist IR theories. First, Laozi provides a state-focused guo-based IRT for conducting foreign policy and managing inter-state relations with emphasis on yielding and softness to overcome violence and domination. Second, Laozi offers a Utopian and globalist tianxia-centered IRT based on following the Dao whereby inter-state rivalry is dissolved in favor of peaceful planetary governance in harmony with the natural rhythms of the cosmos. Whereas previous scholarship often concentrates on only …
The Politics Of Institutional Reform: Vulnerability And Bureaucratic Independence In Asian Agriculture, Jacob Ricks
The Politics Of Institutional Reform: Vulnerability And Bureaucratic Independence In Asian Agriculture, Jacob Ricks
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Although effective bureaucracies are seen as key for service provision in developing states, we still have limited explanations for their emergence. I argue getting these institutions right is a political, rather than technical, challenge based on a set of theoretical predictions for reform outcomes acknowledging the interaction between a state’s political vulnerability and degree of bureaucratic independence. I apply these predictions to a controlled comparison of irrigation sector reforms in three Asian countries. The results demonstrate that the success of institutional reforms necessary to implement policies is contingent on both the degree of vulnerability experienced as well as the extent …
Unpacking Cosmopolitan Memory, Hiro Saito
Unpacking Cosmopolitan Memory, Hiro Saito
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Cosmopolitanism is here to stay despite rising nationalist sentiments and movements against the forces of globalization. To be sure, some groups are suspicious of, and even hostile to, the increasing numbers of foreigners and foreign products coming into their countries, but other groups accept and embrace more opportunities to interact with foreign others and cultures. Similarly, while policies and laws continue to take the nation-state as a primary frame of reference, they have also incorporated the idea of humanity to expand rights for both citizens and foreign residents. A globalizing world is full of these contradictory forces of cosmopolitanism and …
Sanctions Under The Eu's Generalised System Of Preferences (Gsp): Coherence By Accident?, Clara Portela, Jan Orbie
Sanctions Under The Eu's Generalised System Of Preferences (Gsp): Coherence By Accident?, Clara Portela, Jan Orbie
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This article investigates the relationship between the European Union's withdrawal of trade benefits for developing countries under the Generalised System of Preferences (GSP) and its sanctions under the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). Our expectation is that GSP withdrawals and CFSP sanctions will not cohere. However, our research reveals that GSP suspension has been coherent with CFSP sanctions when the latter exist prior to the decision-making process on GSP sanctions and when the International Labour Organisation has set up a Commission of Inquiry condemning the country, as with Myanmar/Burma and Belarus. The presence of separate institutional frameworks explains the …
On Sen On Comparative Justice, Chandran Kukathas
On Sen On Comparative Justice, Chandran Kukathas
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Against scepticism from thinkers including John Rawls and Thomas Nagel about the appropriateness of justice as the concept through which global ethical concerns should be approached, Amartya Sen argues that the problem lies not with the idea of justice, but with a particular approach to thinking of justice, namely a transcendental approach. In its stead Sen is determined to offer an alternative systematic theory of justice, namely a comparative approach, as a more promising foundation for a theory of ‘global justice.’ But in the end Sen offers no such thing. He does not develop a theory of justice and this …
One Cheer For Constantinople: A Comment On Pettit And Skinner On Hobbes And Freedom, Chandran Kukathas
One Cheer For Constantinople: A Comment On Pettit And Skinner On Hobbes And Freedom, Chandran Kukathas
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Philip Pettit and Quentin Skinner find Hobbes's understanding of freedom as non-interference inadequate because it fails to appreciate what is wrong with a life lived as a slave. Though their critiques have some force, however, Hobbes's view of freedom has virtues of its own. It is highly sensitive to the fact that freedom is a matter of degree. It is also unlikely to mistake freedom for something else, like security or dignity. Moreover, Hobbes is not as unmindful of the dangers of servility as many think.
Globalization, The Developmental State, And The Politics Of Urban Growth In Korea: A Multilevel Analysis, Yooil Bae, Jefferey M. Sellers
Globalization, The Developmental State, And The Politics Of Urban Growth In Korea: A Multilevel Analysis, Yooil Bae, Jefferey M. Sellers
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This article explores the politics of urban growth in a transitional society. Korea, which is experiencing rapid industrialization, urbanization and democratic transition exemplifies a set of conditions that may seem to favor the emergence of an urban growth politics and business-led growth coalition much like that found in urban areas at the time of industrialization, and still prevalent in much of the US and other western democracies today. Yet our multilevel case analyses show that the transformations in Korea as a late industrializer, late democratizer and late adopter of urban policy have helped to consolidate more restricted policies toward urban …
Estimating Party Policy Positions: Japan In Comparative Context, Michael Laver, Kenneth Benoit
Estimating Party Policy Positions: Japan In Comparative Context, Michael Laver, Kenneth Benoit
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This paper first reviews a number of epistemological and methodological issues relating to the estimation of party policy positions, particularly in a comparative context, with special reference to the methodology of ‘expert surveys’. It is argued that expert surveys, as systematic summaries of the views of country specialists, have a particular role in assessing the content validity of other types of estimates of party policy positions. The paper moves on to analyze the positions of Japanese political parties in a comparative context, using results from a new 47-country expert survey. Attention is paid both to the substantive policy content of …
From Principle To Practice: Constitutional Principles And The Transformation Of Party Finance In Germany And Italy, Riccardo Pelizzo
From Principle To Practice: Constitutional Principles And The Transformation Of Party Finance In Germany And Italy, Riccardo Pelizzo
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
The paper investigates the development of party finance and party finance legislation in Germany and Italy. The main claim of the paper is that the differences between German and Italian party finance reflect differences in the party finance legislation enacted in the two countries, which, in their turn, are a result of how the German and the Italian constitutional principles were translated into practice.
Responsibility For Past Injustice: How To Shift The Burden, Chandran Kukathas
Responsibility For Past Injustice: How To Shift The Burden, Chandran Kukathas
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This article considers the question of the responsibility of present generations for injustices committed by previous ones. It asks whether the descendants of victims of past injustice have claims against the descendants of the perpetrators of injustice. Two modes of argument are examined: the individual responsibility approach, according to which descendants cannot have claims against other descendants, and the collective responsibility approach, according to which descendants do have strong claims. Both approaches are criticized, but for different failings. An alternative view, building on the individualist approach, is defended. This view argues that some people may have to bear responsibility for …
Tolerating The Intolerable, Chandran Kukathas
Tolerating The Intolerable, Chandran Kukathas
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Presenting a lecture[1] on the virtue of toleration anywhere, let alone in the chambers of the Australian Senate department, should strike most people as a peculiarly pointless kind of exercise. Would anyone not in favour of toleration bother to turn up? (And what is the point of preaching to the converted? Would anyone against it bother to listen? And could such a person be converted?) In truth, it might not be easy to find anyone who openly professed intolerance. Almost everyone is in favour of tolerance; though of course, each will hasten to add, this does not mean that ‘anything …
Liberalism And Multiculturalism: The Politics Of Indifference, Chandran Kukathas
Liberalism And Multiculturalism: The Politics Of Indifference, Chandran Kukathas
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
In modern societies, particularly the societies of the liberal democratic West, cultural diversity poses a challenge not only to the makers of government policy, but also to the philosopher looking to understand how it might be possible-in principle-for people of different ways to live together. The challenge is posed because society's institutions have been challenged, as the members of different groups have demanded "recognition." They have demanded not simply recognition of their claims to a (just) share of the social pie but, more important, recognition of their distinct identities as members of particular cultural communities within society. The persistence and, …
Conservatism, Liberalism And Ideology, Chandran Kukathas
Conservatism, Liberalism And Ideology, Chandran Kukathas
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
All societies are more or less complex systems of rules, of symbols andsigns directing and constraining individual behavior. The task of thesocial theorist is to analyze and uncover what order may underlie suchstructures. In this regard he faces at least two major problems. First, hehas to determine how far the rules or norms which govern human action define the distribution of power, responsibility and resources, andso determine the relative value placed upon such goods as education, art and scientific inquiry, and how far the existing structure of distribution of power and resources is itself responsible for the prevalence ofparticular rules. …