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Indians Under Dictatorship, N.D. Mother Of 3 Gis Says, April 28, 1951 (Minot Daily)., Unknown

Usher Burdick Papers

This newspaper article, published in the Minot Daily on April 28, 1951, reports the statements of Mrs. Josephine Kelly of Fort Yates, North Dakota, a mother of three sons serving in the armed forces and called "a chieftain of the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe" by the reporter. Kelly protested "the old military-style governance and line system" that Indian Commissioner Dillon S. Myer was attempting to "install." The article also details a dispute involving "the Standing Rock Sioux and 13 associated tribes of North Dakota, South Dakota, and Montana," who sought to hire attorney James E. Curry to negotiate federal compensation …

Chieftain Says Indians Under Dictatorship, April 28, 1951., Unknown

Usher Burdick Papers

This newspaper article, published in Watertown on April 28, 1951, reports the statements of Mrs. Josephine Kelly of Fort Yates, North Dakota, a mother of three sons serving in the armed forces and called "a chieftain of the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe" by the reporter. Kelly protested "the old military-style governance and line system" that Indian Commissioner Dillon S. Myer was attempting to "install." The article also details a dispute involving "the Standing Rock Sioux and 13 associated tribes of North Dakota, South Dakota, and Montana," who sought to hire attorney James E. Curry to negotiate federal compensation for lands …

Indians Under Dictatorship, N.D. Mother Of 3 Gls Says, April 28, 1951 (Minneapolis Star)., Unknown

Usher Burdick Papers

This newspaper article, published in the Minneapolis Star on April 28, 1951, reports the statements of Mrs. Josephine Kelly of Fort Yates, North Dakota, a mother of three sons serving in the armed forces and called "a chieftain of the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe" by the reporter. Kelly protested "the old military-style governance and line system" that Indian Commissioner Dillon S. Myer was attempting to "install." The article also details a dispute involving "the Standing Rock Sioux and 13 associated tribes of North Dakota, South Dakota, and Montana," who sought to hire attorney James E. Curry to negotiate federal compensation …

Settlement Of Indian Estates Tedious Job, March 22, 1951., Unknown

Usher Burdick Papers

This newspaper article, published on March 22, 1951, circulated by the “Western Press Clipping Exchange” in Minneapolis, explains the complex legal and administrative challenges of settling Native American estates in North Dakota. The article highlights how ownership became so divided that individuals now inherit fractions as small as 4/2,835 of a property, and the complications that arise when heirs die before estates are settled, making probate a tedious and highly mathematical task.

Indian Independence And Advocates Ending Segregation Of Tribal Life, March 3, 1951., Unknown

Usher Burdick Papers

This newspaper article, published on March 1, 1951, by the Selfridge (N.D.) Journal and circulated by the “Western Press Clipping Exchange” in Minneapolis, reports on the work of the North Dakota Indian Affairs Commission. Established by the 1949 state legislature, the commission conducted a two-year study to gather data, which concluded that assimilation of Native people into broader American society, socially, culturally, and economically, should be the ultimate goal, and it emphasized that the Indians “want their children to be actual, not just legal Americans.”

A Bill To Provide For Certain Per Capita Payments To Members Of The Three Affiliated Tribes Of The Fort Berthold Reservation, North Dakota, United States Congress, Us House Of Representatives, Usher L. Burdick

US Government Documents Related to Indigenous Nations

This bill, dated May 8, 1950, proposes to authorize and direct the United States (US) Secretary of the Interior to disburse remaining funds associated with sections 2 and 12 of US Public Law 81-437, also known as the Takings Act, once the purposes of those sections have been accomplished

The bill directs those remaining funds to be disbursed in equal per capita payments to members of the Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reservation who are living at the time of such determination by the Secretary.

See also:

An Act to Vest Titles to Certain Lands of the Three …

An Act To Vest Title To Certain Lands Of The Three Affiliated Tribes Of The Fort Berthold Reservation, North Dakota, In The United States, And To Provide Compensation Therefor, United States Congress

US Government Documents Related to Indigenous Nations

This United States (US) Public Law, dated October 29, 1949, also known as US Public Law 81-437, and commonly referred to as "The Taking Act," identifies the lands of the Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reservation that are to be vested in the US, and the procedures and mechanisms by which the Tribes are to be compensated for these lands, along with the costs for relocating residents, cemeteries, monuments and shrines.

Also detailed in this US Public Law are mechanisms for appraising the lands and for adjudication in the event that an appraisal is rejected by a tribal …

Compensation To Fort Berthold Indians, North Dakota, For Lands Taken In Connection With The Garrison Dam Project, United States Congress

US Government Documents Related to Indigenous Nations

This report, dated October 19 1949, also known as United States (US) House of Representatives Report 1458, was submitted by the Committee of Conference to accompany US House of Representatives Joint Resolution 33, and details the recommendations Committee of Conference members have agreed to make to their respective Houses of the US Congress regarding their disagreeing votes on the US Senate's amendments to Joint Resolution 33.

Vesting Title To Certain Lands Of The Three Affiliated Tribes Of The Fort Berthold Reservation, N. Dak., In The United States, And Providing Compensation Therefor, United States Congress, Us Senate

US Government Documents Related to Indigenous Nations

This report, dated July 1, 1949, also known as United States Senate Report 605, was submitted by the US Senate Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs to accompany US House Joint Resolution 33 "providing for compensating the Three Affiliated Tribes of Indians of the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation, N. Dak., for lands taken and damages caused by the United States by reason of the construction and development of the Garrison Dam and Reservoir project." In this report, the Committee recommends that US House Joint Resolution 33 be passed with amendments that are included in the report.

See also:

US House …

Providing For The Ratification By Congress Of A Contract For The Purchase Of Certain Indian Lands By The United States From The Three Affiliated Tribes Of Fort Berthold Reservation, N. Dak., United States Congress, Us House Of Representatives

US Government Documents Related to Indigenous Nations

This report, dated May 9, 1949, also know as United States House of Representatives Report 544, was written by the Committee on Public Lands to accompany US House Joint Resolution 33 "providing for the ratification by Congress of a contract for the purchase of certain Indian lands by the United States from the Three Affiliated Tribes of Fort Berthold Reservation,N. Dak., and for other related purposes." In this report, the Committe recommends passage with a number of amendments detailed in the report.

See also:

US House Joint Resolution 33

US House Report 605

Public Law 437

Letter From U.S. Representative Usher L. Burdick To Audrey Twilling Regarding Relocation Costs, April 29, 1949, Usher Burdick

Usher Burdick Papers

This letter, dated April 29, 1949, from United States (US) Representative Usher Burdick to Audrey Twilling of Elbowoods, North Dakota, concerns relocation costs for people living in Elbowoods. Burdick writes that, in his opinion, the US Army Core of Engineers is not being reasonable with people in the area and that these people deserve compensation for their relocation costs. He goes on to write that he will do what he can, but suggests that US Representative William Lemke is in a better position to help due to his position the US House of Representatives Committee Public Lands.

See also:

Letter …

Hearings Before The Subcommittee On Indian Affairs Of The Committee On Public Lands House Of Representatives Eighty-First Congress First Session On H.J. Res. 33 Providing For The Ratification By Congress Of The Contract To Purchase Indian Lands By The United States From The Three Affiliated Tribes Of Fort Berthold, North Dakota, United States Congress, Us House Of Representatives

US Government Documents Related to Indigenous Nations

This publication, dated April 29 and 30, May 2 and 3, 1949, printed for the use of the United States (US) House of Representatives Committee on Public Lands, contains the full text of US House of Representatives Joint Resolution 33, followed by a transcript of the hearings held on April 29 and 30, and May 2 and 3, 1949 before the US House Committee on Public Lands.

US House Joint Resolution 33, sponsored by North Dakota Senator William Lemke, was an attempt to add $9.5 million to the original $5,105,625 provided in United States Public Law 296 as compensation for …

Letter From Us Representative Usher L. Burdick To Hal Simon Regarding Relocation Costs, April 29, 1949, Usher Burdick

Usher Burdick Papers

This letter, dated April 29, 1949, from United States (US) Representative Usher Burdick to Hal Simon of Elbowoods, North Dakota, concerns relocation costs for people living in Elbowoods. Burdick writes that, in his opinion, the US Army Core of Engineers is not being reasonable with people in the area and that these people deserve compensation for their relocation costs. He goes on to write that he will do what he can, but suggests that US Representative William Lemke is in a better position to help due to his position the US House of Representatives Committee Public Lands.

See also:

Letter …

Letter From U.S. Representative Burdick To Mary Long Chase Regarding Mary Many Wounds, February 25, 1949, Usher Burdick

Usher Burdick Papers

This letter, dated February 25, 1949, from United States (US) Representative Usher Burdick to Mary Long Chase concerns Mary Many Wounds. The letter thanks Long Chase for her recent letter commenting on a speech Burdick has made. Burdick writes that he is enclosing a file related to Mary Many Wounds, who has recently died. This file is not included with this document. A handwritten note at the top of the document reads "Indians."

Letter From U.S. Representative Burdick To Sybelle Wright Regarding Native American Living Conditions, February 11, 1949, Usher Burdick

Usher Burdick Papers

This letter, dated February 11, 1949, from United States (US) Representative Usher Burdick to Sybelle H. Wright of St. John, North Dakota concerns the relationship between the US and Indigenous peoples. The letter is in response to Wright's letter which is not included. Burdick's letter asks Wright who is to blame for the poor living conditions of Native Americans. He responds by stating that the US government took charge of these people 80 years prior and failed in its responsibility to educate them through "forced wardship." The letter also discusses the poor quality and low amount of land owned by …

An Act Providing For The Per Capita Payment Of Certain Moneys Appropriated In Settlement Of Certain Claims Of The Indians Of The Fort Berthold Indian Reservation In North Dakota, United States Congress

US Government Documents Related to Indigenous Nations

This act, dated February 28, 1948, also known as United States (US) Public Law 80-424, directs the US Secretary of the Interior to withdraw $300,000 from the US Treasury, "out of the balance of the principal and interest of the amount appropriated in settlement of certain claims of such Indians pursuant to the last paragraph preceding the heading "Miscellaneous Indian Tribal Funds", in the first section of the Interior Department Appropriation Act,1947, remaining after the fees and expenses authorized by such para-graph to be paid from such appropriation shall have been paid or.provided for."

The money is to be distributed …

War Department Civil Appropriation Bill, 1948, United States Congress, Us House Of Representatives

US Government Documents Related to Indigenous Nations

This report from the United States (US) House Committee of Conference, dated July 26, 1947, was written to accompany US House Resolution 4002 which appropriated funds for the US War Department for fiscal year ending June 30, 1948. The report included an amendment pertaining to the relocation of the Three Affiliated Tribes of Fort Berthold Reservation due to the completion of the Garrison Dam flooding their homelands. The amendment states that the Three Affiliated Tribes may pursue legal action for additional damages incurred from the taking of their lands or for any treaty violations not adequately compensated for by the …

Per Capita Payment Of $150 To The Indians Of The Fort Berthold Indian Reservation, N. Dak., United States Congress, Us Senate

US Government Documents Related to Indigenous Nations

This report, dated July 24, 1947, also known as United States (US) Senate Report 748, recommends the passage of US Senate Bill 1113 with one amendment (Page 1, line 7, strike out the words "per capita" and insert in lieu thereof the following: "$150 per capita, out of").

See also:

An Act for the Relief of the Indians of the Fort Berthold Reservation in North Dakota

An Act Providing for the per capita payment of certain moneys appropriated in settlement of certain claims of the Indians of the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation in North Dakota

Senate Bill 1113

An Act To Create An Indian Claims Commission, To Provide For The Powers, Duties, And Functions Thereof, And For Other Purposes, United States Congress

US Government Documents Related to Indigenous Nations

This United States (US) Public Law, also known as US Public Law 79-726, passed on August 13, 1946 to establish the Indian Claims Commission. The Claims Commission, which operated from 1946 to 1978, served as an intermediary between Indigenous people in the United States and the US Court of Claims to help process the volume of claims filed against the United States for treaty violations and other grievances related to the conduct of the US government.

Flood Control Act Of 1946, Us Conress

US Government Documents Related to Indigenous Nations

This act, also known as Public Law 79-526 or "An act authorizing the construction of certain public works on rivers and harbors for flood control, and for other purposes" dated July 24, 1946, does a number of things, including amending previous laws, appropriating funds, and authorizing projects related to flood control across the entire United States and territories. Specific to North Dakota among the many amendments included is one that authorizes the Chief of Engineers of the United States (US) Army to "enter into cooperative arrangements with local agencies for the operation of such Government facilities for the expansion of …

An Act For The Relief Of The Indians Of The Fort Berthold Reservation In North Dakota, United States Congress

US Government Documents Related to Indigenous Nations

This act, approved June 28, 1946, also known as United States (US) Public Law 79-467, authorized the appropriation of $400,000, "in full and final settlement of all claims and demands of the Indians of the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation in North Dakota . . . which claims are based upon stipulations of an unratified treaty dated July 27, 1866 . . ." to be ". . .deposited in the Treasury of the United States to the credit of the Indians of the Fort Berthold Reservation and shall draw interest in accordance with existing laws. . ."

An Act For The Relief Of The Indians Of The Fort Berthold Reservation In North Dakota, United States Congress, Us House Of Representatives, Us Senate, Joseph C. Mahoney

US Government Documents Related to Indigenous Nations

This report, dated June 4, 1946, also known as US Senate Report 1413, refers to US House Resolution 1095, which was referred to the US Senate Committee on Indian Affairs on May 21, 1946, and reported out of that committee on June 4, 1946 by US Senator Joseph C. O'Mahoney of Wyoming with no amendments.

US House Resolution 1095 was ultimately approved June 28, 1946, becoming United States (US) Public Law 79-467, authorizing the appropriation of $400,000, "in full and final settlement of all claims and demands of the Indians of the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation in North Dakota . …

An Act Making Appropriations For The Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1947, For Civil Functions Administered By The War Department, And For Other Purposes, United States Congress

US Government Documents Related to Indigenous Nations

This Public Law, dated May 2, 1946, also known as Public Law 79-374, or "War Department Civil Appropriations Act, 1947," includes appropriations for a variety of projects ranging from cemetery expenses to waterway maintenance to flood control.

An Act Making Appropriations To Supply Deficiencies In Certain Appropriations For The Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1946, And For Prior Fiscal Years, To Provide Supplemental Appropriations For The Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1946, And For Other Purposes, United States Congress

US Government Documents Related to Indigenous Nations

This United States (US) public law (US Public Law 79-269) supplemented deficiencies for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1946. This public law includes a section under “Flood Control” that specifies that the funds available for construction of the Garrison Reservoir Dam may not be spent on construction of the dam until the Secretary of the Interior finds lands “equal in quality and sufficient in area” for relocation and compensation of Three Affiliated Tribes of Fort Berthold Reservation.

First Deficiency Appropriation Bill, 1946, United States Congress, Us House Of Representatives

US Government Documents Related to Indigenous Nations

This report from the United States (US) House Committee of Conference, dated December 20, 1945, was written to accompany US House Resolution 4805 which requested funds to supplement deficiencies from the fiscal year ending June 30, 1946. This report recommended an amendment to the resolution specifying that funds provided for the Garrison Reservoir Dam could not be spent on construction of the dam itself until the tribes were adequately provided for with lieu lands of equal quality and area. The report indicates, however, that funds could be spent on “certain preliminary features” of the reservoir project. US House Resolution 4805 …

An Act Authorizing Construction Of Certain Public Works On Rivers And Harbors For Flood Control, And For Other Purposes, United States Congress

US Government Documents Related to Indigenous Nations

This United States public law, passed on December 22, 1944, also known as the Flood Control Act of 1944 or US Public Law 78-534, enacted the Pick-Sloan flood control plan for the Missouri River Basin. The Garrison Dam was part of the Pick-Sloan US plan. Completion of the Garrison Dam flooded the river bottom lands belonging to the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara people. The majority of tribal members living on the Fort Berthold Reservation, North Dakota were living on these river bottom lands prior to construction of the Garrison Dam.

Missouri River Basin: Conservation, Control, And Use Of Water Resources Of The Missouri River Basin In Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Iowa, And Missouri (Report By Secretary Of The Interior Harold L. Ickes On Bureau Of Reclamation's Plan For Basin Development.), United States Congress, Us Senate, William G. Sloan

US Government Documents Related to Indigenous Nations

This report by the United States (US) Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes on the US Bureau of Reclamation’s plan for Missouri Basin flood control and development dated May 5, 1944. The US Bureau of Reclamation had been studying the Missouri River basin for several years in order to create a comprehensive flood-control plan by 1945; however, the release of the “Pick Plan” in March of 1944 pushed the Bureau to release their plan early. At over 200 pages, this plan, also known as the “Sloan Plan” named for William G. Sloan who completed it, reflects the detailed study …

Reimbursement Of The Fort Berthold Indians Of North Dakota, United States Congress, Us House Of Representatives

US Government Documents Related to Indigenous Nations

In this report, dated June 4, 1940, also known as United States (US) House Report 2374, submitted by US Congressman Usher L. Burdick of North Dakota, the Committee on Indian Affairs recommends passage of US Senate Bill 414 "for the relief of the Indians of the Forth Berthold Reservation in North Dakota," with one amendment, that, on page 2, line 4, "10" should be struck and replaced with "5".

Repeal Of The So-Called Wheeler-Howard Act, United States Congress, Us Senate

US Government Documents Related to Indigenous Nations

This report from the United States (US) Senate Committee on Indian Affairs, dated August 2, 1939, was written to accompany US Senate Bill 2103 which proposed a repeal of the Wheeler-Howard Act, also known as the Indian Reorganization Act (US Public Law 383). The report includes a summary of reasons why the act should be repealed as well as correspondences from the US Department of the Interior and the US Committee on Indian Affairs discussing the Indian Reorganization Act and the proposed repeal. US Senate Bill 2103 did not become public law.

Reimbursement Of The Fort Berthold Indians Of North Dakota, United States Congress, Us Senate

US Government Documents Related to Indigenous Nations

This report, dated February 21, 1939, also known as United States (US) Senate Report 78, was issued by the US Senate Committee on Indian Affairs to accompany US Senate Bill 414. In this report, the committee recommends passage of the bill, and provides background on the origins of the bill and it's decision to recommend passage.

See also:

An Act for the Relief of the Indians of the Fort Berthold Reservation in North Dakota [internal note: ms. 1115]

Reimbursement of the Fort Berthold Indians of North Dakota [internal note: ms. 1021]

United State Senate Bill 414