Political Science Commons^™

Speech For The 2008 National Space Forum, Wayne Allard

Space and Defense

Good afternoon. It is a pleasure to be here with all of you today at the National Space Forum, and it is an honor to be here with so many industry experts and leaders. I thank our sponsors, the Eisenhower Center for Space and Defense Studies at the U.S. Air Force Academy and also the Center for Strategic and International Studies, for hosting this important event and for giving me an opportunity to speak to you today. In the Senate I have long supported the Center for Space and Defense Studies, and I am pleased to see the Center executing …

Introduction The Eisenhower Legacy

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Table Of Contents Volume 2 No. 2, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Front Matter Volume 2 No. 2, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

The Permanence Of Racism In Tennessee Public Schools, Jarral Yokley

Dissertations

The qualitative case study exposed the permanence of racism beginning in the antebellum public schools of Nashville and continued in the current actions in the Tennessee legislature with the expulsion of two Black male legislators. Critical race theory is used as the main descriptor for the actions of White politicians and legislators in Tennessee who continue the oppressive treatment of Black people in the state of Tennessee.

White members of the Tennessee legislature have attempted to strategically continue white supremacy in their decision to display a depiction of one of the most deplorable, racists in the history of the state …

Political Feasibility And A Global Climate Treaty, David Lefkowitz

Philosophy Faculty Publications

I contend that to be politically feasible a global climate treaty must satisfy the International Paretian principle (IP). I begin by defending IP as a principle of instrumental rationality that reflects the fact of extremely limited altruism vis-à-vis foreigners. I then address two objections to my thesis. One holds that an IP treaty is either economically infeasible or, contrary to its proponents’ claim, does not require side payments from poor states to rich ones. The other holds poor states will reject any climate treaty that requires such side payments because it ignores or exacerbates their unjust treatment by rich states.

Contrast Vs Attack Ads: How Different Forms Of Negative Campaign Advertisements Affect Senate Candidate’S Vote Share, Luke Perea

Governance: The Political Science Journal at UNLV

This research is intended to find out how Senate candidates’ vote shares are affected by advertisements with a negative tone. Prior literature is largely inconsistent in determining the impact of advertisement tone, but separating negative advertisements into two subcategories, advertisements that attack an opponent and advertisements that contrast between oneself and one’s opponent, clearer correlations become evident. Literature suggests that attack advertisements are more effective at generating voter responsiveness and mobilizations compared to contrast advertisements, they also come with a backlash effect that often damages the attacker more than the target. Thus, candidates with a higher percentage of attack advertisements …

Finding 'New Oil' In The Silver State: A Cost Benefit Analysis Of Lithium Mining In Nevada, Alexandra Pelas

Governance: The Political Science Journal at UNLV

No abstract provided.

Russian Involvement In Frozen Conflicts Of The Post Soviet Space As A Means Of Geopolitical Positioning, Mary Giandjian

Governance: The Political Science Journal at UNLV

Upon the Soviet Union’s collapse, in a short time the once Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) became fifteen distinctly sovereign states, coupled by a sum of de facto states. The sum of these de facto states, realized from frozen conflicts, endure a distinct type of instability in Russia’s near abroad, where reconciliation is temporary given the frequent resumption of hostilities. In this paper, I detail major events of frozen conflicts in the Post Soviet Space, from South Ossetia to Nagorno-Karabakh, evaluating the Russian involvement of each de facto state’s respective frozen conflict. The combination of historical analysis and case …

Black Political Representation And American Feelings, Jhanae George

Governance: The Political Science Journal at UNLV

Research on Black stereotypes argue that Black politicians are often labeled or perceived differently from the Black population as a whole. This research has led to questions on whether or not Black politicians can influence the overall perception of Blacks in America. Due to stereotypes leading to prejudicial treatment of certain groups, increases in representation of these groups in respected positions can aid in moving past the negative generalizations and any resultant treatment. By examining the number of Black representatives in America, along with feeling thermometer data from American National Election Studies, I find that there is little correlation between …

Chemicals And Creeds: Cbrn Weapon Use And Religious-Based Terrorism, Nikolai Apilado

Governance: The Political Science Journal at UNLV

General theories of terrorism typically focus on economic, social, or political factors that lead to terrorist acts. Conversely, chemical, biological, radiational, and nuclear (CBRN) weapons are rarely spoken of in academic literature. Yet, these weapons are still used by terrorists in some capacity. In this paper, I argue that religion is the primary factor that influences terrorists to pursue CBRN weapons as opposed to more secular-based terrorists. This is due to the fact that religious-based terrorists are not concerned with preserving their reputation or credibility among society, as well as being so blinded by their religion that they are willing …

The Influence Of The “Hayah Karima” Initiative On The Standard Of Living Of Egyptian Citizens: Evidence From The Menofia Governorate, Merihan Sharara

Theses and Dissertations

Social protection programs have been used in several developing countries in order to aid in their development efforts. In Egypt, “Hayah Karima”, an initiative which represents a developmental initiative endorsed by Egypt’s President Al-Sisi, aims to minimize the developmental gaps among citizens in terms of standards of living. “Hayah Karima” is based on governmental finance in partnership with the private sector. This paper covers this initiative and its different aspects as well as their possible impact on the standards of living for citizens in El- Menofia Governorate. The paper also includes 71 surveys conducted with different partners and beneficiaries of …

Notes For Contributors, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Space Deterrence Or Dominance?, Dwayne Liller

Space and Defense

A strategy to safeguard United States’ space assets is needed. Deterrence strategies, like Cold War nuclear deterrence, are often recommended. Nuclear deterrence history reveals that deterrence through dominance is what early strategists employed. Both Cold War adversaries attempted repeatedly to gain the lead in nuclear weapons. Seeking short term advantages activated the security dilemma and both sides responded in kind, guaranteeing an arms race. The faulty logic of the security dilemma was that the next advantage would bring security. This did not happen and illustrated how mutual vulnerability resulted from long term and determined opposition. That condition exists to this …

Operationally Responsive Space: Past, Present And Future, Stuart Eves

Space and Defense

Where did the idea of Operationally Responsive Space originate? You might imagine that the idea was born during the First Gulf War, (sometimes called the First Space War), where use was made of strategic space systems to support operations. It was apparent, though, that strategic systems with very small fields of view and long revisit times were not well suited to operational reconnaissance. Other limitations of these strategic systems included a tasking system not suited for tactical timelines; significant data downlink requirements, making it difficult to deliver data into the theatre; a large in-theatre “footprint” for intelligence analysts; and lack …

The 2010 National Space Policy: Down To Earth?, Joan Johnson-Freese

Space and Defense

The 2010 National Space Policy, intended “to express the President’s direction for the Nation’s space activities,” was released by the Obama Administration on June 28. Responses were for the most part swift and predictable. While drawing heavily from past consistent principles, all analysts agreed that the tone and emphasis differed significantly from the 2006 Bush Administration policy, which itself was a departure from past policies in terms of a greater military focus and nationalistic orientation. Views on which tone and emphasis is best has ranged along the ideological spectrum. A sampling of opinions is indicative. Baker Spring, from the conservative …

Coalitions In Space: Where Networks Are Power, James Clay Moltz

Space and Defense

This study begins with the widely recognized problem of 21st century space vulnerabilities. To address this challenge, it proposes the new concept of an “allied space network” as a possible means of both reducing risks and enhancing space power. Such a concept would move beyond realist, Cold War “balancing” in space, and instead would require new forms of technical and political cooperation in the military sector among participating states. In thinking about future space security this study argues that trans-national networks and alliances offer considerable untapped potential, with possibly significant benefits particularly for the United States, which—unlike China and Russia— …

Introduction, Roger G. Harrison

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Table Of Contents Volume 5 No. 1, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Front Matter Volume 5 No. 1, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Notes For Contributors, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Eisenhower Center Program Summaries, Eligar Sadeh

Space and Defense

Space Situational Awareness Workshop

Summer Space Seminar

Asia, Space, and Strategy Workshop

National Space Forum

Transatlantic Space Cooperation Workshop

“Astronaut Envy?” The U.S. Military’S Quest For A Human Mission In Space, Roger D. Launius

Space and Defense

Before the beginning of the space age in 1957, the Department of Defense (DOD) of the United States sought to gain the mission and the technologies to carry out human operations in space. Even after 1958, when President Dwight D. Eisenhower made the decision to assign the human spaceflight mission to the newly created National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), DOD champions continued to argue for a role for military astronauts. The military pursued several flight projects in the 1960s, achieved flight status for military astronauts on classified missions on the Space Shuttle in the 1980s, and has continued to …

India In Space: Factors Shaping The Indian Trajectory, Harsh V. Pant, Ajey Lele

Space and Defense

By launching its space probe to the Moon, Chandrayaan-1, on 22 October 2008, India joined the United States (U.S.), Japan, Europe, Russia, and China in this accomplishment. The principal goal of the probe was to conduct mapping of the lunar surface, and among the scientific payloads it carried two were from the United States and three from the European Space Agency (ESA). This was a unique mission as it was an attempt to map highresolution, 3-D topography of entire Moon, get mineral composition of surface, and investigate the availability of water and Helium-3. Chandrayaan-1 operated until August 2009, coming to …

European Approaches To Space And Security: Implications For Transatlantic Cooperation, Michael Searway

Space and Defense

As complex security threats are increasing the need for international cooperation on Earth, the growing number of actors in space increasingly demands collaboration in space and security. This need is intensified by the unique environmental attributes of space. For example, debris from space assets can orbit the Earth for years, rendering large areas of orbital space unusable. Moreover, as space becomes more crowded, the lack of comprehensive international governance amplifies the chance of mishaps above Earth.

Multilateralism In Space: Opportunities And Challenges For Achieving Space Security, Theresa Hitchens

Space and Defense

Human activity in space has, from the dawn of the space age, been characterized by a “push me, pull you” dynamic between competition and cooperation. There is no doubt it was the Cold War rivalry between the United States and the then Soviet Union that drove initial efforts to breech the space frontier, and that military competition has long been, and continues to be, a central factor in states’ pursuit of space capabilities. At the same time, even during the height of tensions between the two superpowers, international cooperation in the space exploration and sciences was considered a high priority. …

Table Of Contents Volume 4 No. 2, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Front Matter Volume 4 No. 2, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Notes For Contributors, Space And Defense

Space and Defense

No abstract provided.

Eisenhower Center Program Summaries, Eligar Sadeh

Space and Defense

Space Situational Awareness Workshop

Summer Space Seminar

Asia, Space, and Strategy Workshop

National Space Forum

Transatlantic Space Cooperation Workshop