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2022

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Articles 211 - 240 of 1526

Full-Text Articles in Political Science

Primitive Accumulation And Multinational Corporations: The Evolution Of Dispossession And Exploitation In The Rubber Industry, Matthew Rochat Oct 2022

Primitive Accumulation And Multinational Corporations: The Evolution Of Dispossession And Exploitation In The Rubber Industry, Matthew Rochat

The Journal of International Relations, Peace Studies, and Development

I examine how the process of primitive accumulation has led to evolving forms of dispossession and exploitation carried out by multinational corporations in the rubber industry. After a brief review of relevant literature, I outline a novel analytical approach to multinational corporations engaged in natural resource extraction, referred to as the Parasitic Extraction Model. I then demonstrate this approach using three case studies. The first, Leopold II’s Congo, showcases the barbaric underpinnings of primitive accumulation in the rubber industry in its crudest form. The subsequent section shifts to the interwar period with Fordlândia in the Brazilian Amazon where I analyze …

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‘Xi Jinping Thought’: Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems And Military Modernization With Chinese Characteristics, Aiden Warren, Alek Hillas Oct 2022

‘Xi Jinping Thought’: Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems And Military Modernization With Chinese Characteristics, Aiden Warren, Alek Hillas

The Journal of International Relations, Peace Studies, and Development

The article seeks to appraise Beijing’s military modernization and positions on Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems (LAWS). In examining the rhetoric of Chinese policy makers through a qualitative analysis of relevant policy documents and Chinese statements, the article begins by evaluating the relationship between military modernization and the advancement of China’s innovation and civil- ‍military integration strategies in the Xi Jinping era. Secondly, the article considers, via an analysis of diplomatic statements, the context of Chinese discussions on LAWS under the framework of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW). The analysis proposes it is probable that China is seeking to …

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Do Islamist Parties Help Or Hinder Women? Party Institutionalization, Piety And Responsiveness To Female Citizens, Mounah Abdel-Samad, Lindsay J. Benstead Oct 2022

Do Islamist Parties Help Or Hinder Women? Party Institutionalization, Piety And Responsiveness To Female Citizens, Mounah Abdel-Samad, Lindsay J. Benstead

Political Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Does electing Islamist parties help or hurt women? Due to Ennahda winning a plurality in the 2011 elections and women from all parties winning 31% of seats, Tunisia offers an opportunity to test the impact of legislator gender and Islamist orientation on women's representation. Using original 2012 surveys of 40 Tunisian parliamentarians (MPs) and 1200 citizens, we find that electing female and Islamists MPs improves women's symbolic and service responsiveness by increasing the likelihood that female citizens are aware of and contact MPs. Electing Islamist female MPs has a positive impact on women's symbolic and service responsiveness, but decreases the …

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Interpreting Global Urban-Rural Political Divides: A Literature Review, Jobim Steyermark Oct 2022

Interpreting Global Urban-Rural Political Divides: A Literature Review, Jobim Steyermark

Binghamton University Undergraduate Journal

Is the familiar urban-rural political divide a universal phenomenon, or is it conditional on institutional, cultural, or historical factors? In places where such a divide does exist, does it always manifest as a contest between progressive urban centers and conservative rural areas, or is this polarity sometimes reversed? Drawing on the insights of political scientists, sociologists, and historians, a review of the literature suggests resilient patterns of political geography that have their roots in the cleavage formation processes of the 19th and early 20th centuries. In particular, the legacy of agrarian politics and patterns of land tenure during this critical …

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Understanding Costa Rica's Response To The Covid-19 Pandemic: Competing Explanations, Lise Charles Oct 2022

Understanding Costa Rica's Response To The Covid-19 Pandemic: Competing Explanations, Lise Charles

The Journal of International Relations, Peace Studies, and Development

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have major impacts on the world, careful study of successful health systems is essential. Costa Rica has been identified as a country that has responded well to the pandemic with the proportion of death rates compared to infection rates being the lowest in comparison to other countries in Central America. This paper examines Costa Rica’s relatively successful response to the COVID-19 pandemic as a case study in good public healthcare management. This study also highlights the importance of theory for addressing urgent, practical development challenges to explore what theoretical frameworks can best explain the …

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Shifting Geopolitics: Reimagining Globalization And Spatial Representation In The Post Covid-19 Era, Victoria H. Bergström Oct 2022

Shifting Geopolitics: Reimagining Globalization And Spatial Representation In The Post Covid-19 Era, Victoria H. Bergström

The Journal of International Relations, Peace Studies, and Development

Abstract: Since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the utilisation of maps has been at the forefront. Maps have informed policymakers, governments, and citizens of the distribution and spread of the disease. Although these maps have been used for various purposes, from border closures to curfews, there is an inherent danger in this widespread usage. Aside from the intricacy of these spatial representations, these widely distributed representations encourage isolationism and the reconception of borders in an increasingly globalised world. Furthermore, new connectivities through digital means have created a potential solution to international exchanges amidst physical limitations. Nevertheless, elitism prevents the …

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Intersectionality And Impact Of Covid19: Politics Of The Private Sphere And Gender-Based Violence, Sabah Hussain Oct 2022

Intersectionality And Impact Of Covid19: Politics Of The Private Sphere And Gender-Based Violence, Sabah Hussain

The Journal of International Relations, Peace Studies, and Development

One of the primary contradictions in the administration of power consists of inequalities between women and men. The attitudes, behaviours, and roles which societies prescribe as congruous for the construction of ‘gender’ can be the consequence, the root, and structure of power relations, involving the very intimate domain of the domestic to the utmost levels of the political sphere and decision-making. As the COVID-19 crisis deepens economic and social strain combined with social isolation measures and constricted movement, the instances of gender-based violence also started to rise exponentially. Many women were being forced to 'lockdown' in the domestic setting with …

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Moral Values, Social Ideologies, And Threat-Based Cognition: Implications For Intergroup Relations., Brandon D. Stewart Phd, David S. M. Morris Oct 2022

Moral Values, Social Ideologies, And Threat-Based Cognition: Implications For Intergroup Relations., Brandon D. Stewart Phd, David S. M. Morris

Faculty Publications

Moral foundations theory (MFT) has provided an account of the moral values that underscore different cultural and political ideologies, and these moral values of harm, fairness, loyalty, authority, and purity can help to explain differences in political and cultural ideologies; however, the extent to which moral foundations relate to strong social ideologies, intergroup processes and threat perceptions is still underdeveloped. To explore this relationship, we conducted two studies. In Study 1 (N = 157), we considered how the moral foundations predicted strong social ideologies such as authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance orientation (SDO) as well as attitudes toward immigrants. …

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Impact Of Religion And Politics On Pro-Environmental Behavior And Views About Climate Change Oct 2022

Impact Of Religion And Politics On Pro-Environmental Behavior And Views About Climate Change

Journal of Interdisciplinary Undergraduate Research

The purpose of this study was to analyze how religion and politics impact peoples’ opinions about climate change and likeliness to engage in pro-environmental behavior. The study conducted was a non-experimental, correlational research design, using a survey methodology. Fifty-eight participants, all over the age of 18, were recruited to participate in this study. The participants were asked to complete five questionnaires: The Centrality of Religiosity Scale (CRS) (Huber & Huber, 2012), The Climate Change Attitude Survey (CCAS) (Christensen & Knezek, 2015), The Political Participation Scale (PPS), The Environmental Behavior Scale (EBS), and a demographic questionnaire. Two research hypotheses guided this …

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The Impact Of Political Beliefs On Ethical Framework In Adults Oct 2022

The Impact Of Political Beliefs On Ethical Framework In Adults

Journal of Interdisciplinary Undergraduate Research

This study aimed to examine the differences between major political philosophies in the United States and whether these beliefs influence a person’s ethical views. This research was a non-experimental correlation design, using a survey methodology with adult participants. The participants were asked to complete the 39-item The Impact of Political Beliefs on Ethical Frameworks in Adults Survey. A Pearson’s r was conducted to determine the relationship between political beliefs and ethical frameworks. The results showed a slightly positive correlation that was statistically significant [r(166) = .28, p = .000]. Therefore, there was sufficient evidence to support the research hypothesis: there …

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Women’S Representation In State Politics: Linking Descriptive And Substantive Representation To Health And Economic Policy Outcomes, Sharon H. Mastracci, Ian T. Adams Oct 2022

Women’S Representation In State Politics: Linking Descriptive And Substantive Representation To Health And Economic Policy Outcomes, Sharon H. Mastracci, Ian T. Adams

Journal of Public Management & Social Policy

This paper tests whether women’s descriptive representation in American state legislatures explains variance in policies relevant to women. The relationship between women’s representation and policy is estimated, controlling for alternative explanations of policy adoption including learning from neighboring and politically-similar states, internal economic and political conditions, and state demographics. Following prior research, a single equation instrumental variables model is used to link descriptive and substantive representation, but results do not support the use of a model with endogenous covariates. A simpler model specification demonstrates that women’s descriptive representation in state legislatures improves economic policy but not health policy outcomes. Political …

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Structural Obstacles For Women In Academia: Availability And Costs Of Campus Child Care, Stephanie Dolamore, Alexander Henderson, Tony Carrizales Oct 2022

Structural Obstacles For Women In Academia: Availability And Costs Of Campus Child Care, Stephanie Dolamore, Alexander Henderson, Tony Carrizales

Journal of Public Management & Social Policy

Women face tremendous obstacles to success in academic institutions. While we have witnessed incredible progress in some areas of representation of students, staff, or faculty who are women, outcomes by gender continue to be impacted by structural challenges in higher education. One structural barrier is the availability of child care. The article examines the availability and characteristics of child care centers at institutions with a public service commitment to social equity, as evidenced by offering degree programs accredited by the Network of Schools of Public Policy, Public Affairs, and Public Administration (NASPAA). Findings indicate that, of the 173 schools with …

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A Seat At The Table: Minority Representation And County Governing Boards, Al G. Gourrier, Leander D. Kellogg, E. Lee Bernick, Katheryn Brekken Oct 2022

A Seat At The Table: Minority Representation And County Governing Boards, Al G. Gourrier, Leander D. Kellogg, E. Lee Bernick, Katheryn Brekken

Journal of Public Management & Social Policy

This study focuses on minority representation on county governing boards to determine the extent of minority representation, and then to provide explanation for the exiting patterns in its representation. The dependent variable used in this paper is a count variable employing a Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial model. The results indicate that minority populations, counties located in the South, partisan elections, the size of county governing boards and urban counties have positive effects on increased minority representation, while at-large voting districts have a negative effect. Furthermore, it advances the need for greater research on county governing boards, county governments in general and …

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Do Open Records Facilitate Criminal Behavior? The Case Of Property Tax Records, Geoffrey Propheter Oct 2022

Do Open Records Facilitate Criminal Behavior? The Case Of Property Tax Records, Geoffrey Propheter

Journal of Public Management & Social Policy

Property tax records are generally public records. In order to improve access to these records and enhance transparency, most local governments have adopted online-based property tax record searches. Anecdotal evidence, however, suggests that online-access to private information allows criminals to more efficiently target their victims. Thus, government officials face the tradeoff of improving transparency at the expense of protecting privacy, and vice versa. It is unclear from existing research if greater transparency in fact facilitates criminal behavior. To test this possibility, property-related crime data were obtained from 150 Georgia counties in 2005 and 2007 and used in a difference-in-difference research …

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Dividing Lines: Comparing Predictors Of Public Policy Preferences Toward Refugees And Local Involvement In Immigration Enforcement In A U.S. State, Grant E. Rissler, Brittany Keegan Oct 2022

Dividing Lines: Comparing Predictors Of Public Policy Preferences Toward Refugees And Local Involvement In Immigration Enforcement In A U.S. State, Grant E. Rissler, Brittany Keegan

Journal of Public Management & Social Policy

Following the norm breaking immigration policies of the departed Trump administration, which drastically reduced refugee admissions and pressured state and local governments to join in identifying and deporting unauthorized immigrants, the current Biden administration faces significant choices about the pace and degree of any potential roll back of such Trump policies. In this moment, the importance of the understudied local and state dimensions of migration and integration of newcomers increases for public management and intergovernmental policy research. Numerous studies have tied the creation of national level policy toward immigrants to the examination of national and international public attitudes toward immigrants …

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Social Inequity On The Network Of Schools Of Public Policy, Affairs, And Administration’S Doorsteps: Unpaid Governmental Internships, David L. Baker, Marie Johnson Oct 2022

Social Inequity On The Network Of Schools Of Public Policy, Affairs, And Administration’S Doorsteps: Unpaid Governmental Internships, David L. Baker, Marie Johnson

Journal of Public Management & Social Policy

Social equity is embedded in the public service values of the Network of Schools of Public Policy, Affairs, and Administration (NASPAA). Yet social inequity persists in the facilitation of unpaid governmental internships by some of its accredited programs. This research explores social equity, reviews the service learning pedagogical benefits of internships, explicates the contrasting U.S. legal paradigms permitting unpaid service, and discloses the prevailing pay practice for domestic internships. It then examines the governmental internship paradigm in light of model guidelines. It normatively contends unpaid governmental internships create an access barrier for prospective interns due to their associated socioeconomic opportunity …

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A Third Pandemic Is On The Horizon, Mark A. Fleming Ii, Michael D. Williams Oct 2022

A Third Pandemic Is On The Horizon, Mark A. Fleming Ii, Michael D. Williams

Journal of Public Management & Social Policy

The emergence of the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus and the resultant COVID-19 pandemic has brought the world to a standstill. In the United States, the morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19 infection has disproportionately impacted Black, Indigenous and People of Color (BIPOC) communities, highlighting an underlying “second pandemic” perpetuated by the deeply-rooted health care inequities and social determinants of health. In this manuscript, we warn about a “Third Pandemic” on the horizon which could be driven by federal policies that fail to ensure equitable access to COVID-specific therapeutics for BIPOC communities, and the potential inequitable implementation of such policies that could …

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Covid-19 And African Americans: A Problem Decades In The Making, Allan Hardy Oct 2022

Covid-19 And African Americans: A Problem Decades In The Making, Allan Hardy

Journal of Public Management & Social Policy

COVID-19 has exposed health care disparities long known and discussed in medical and public policy literature. While there have been many discussions regarding our “offense” – how to attack a global pandemic (vaccines, treatment algorithms, etc), there has also been a renewed interest regarding our “defense” (limiting exposure, strengthening the host) – i.e., how to protect our most vulnerable populations. In June 2020, The U.S. Health and Human Services Department announced a $40 million, three-year partnership with the Morehouse School of Medicine to focus on this topic. As described by Danie Dawes (director of Morehouse’s Satcher Health Leadership Institute), this …

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Covid-19, Social Inequity, Immigration Enforcement, Open Records, And Representation, Charles E. Menifield Oct 2022

Covid-19, Social Inequity, Immigration Enforcement, Open Records, And Representation, Charles E. Menifield

Journal of Public Management & Social Policy

None

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Jpmsp Introductory Pages, Charles E. Menifield Oct 2022

Jpmsp Introductory Pages, Charles E. Menifield

Journal of Public Management & Social Policy

None

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Maruf Amin’S Political Communication Strategy In The 2019 Election Campaign: A Lesson For Anti-Hoax Politics, Febby Widjayanto, Sidrotun Naim, Sabil Mokodenseho Oct 2022

Maruf Amin’S Political Communication Strategy In The 2019 Election Campaign: A Lesson For Anti-Hoax Politics, Febby Widjayanto, Sidrotun Naim, Sabil Mokodenseho

Jurnal Wacana Politik

Social media (Instagram) with embedded text in various forms of multimedia content have become an important battleground for politicians to place the relevance of their policies to the public during election campaigns. The narratives played by politicians in the digital space are aimed at securing the mass base and votes of supporters, while seeking early certainty of their victory. This study aims to analyze Maruf Amin’s political communication strategy in dealing with hoaxes in the 2019 Indonesian election campaign. In this study, the researchers used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach to analyze the data. Primary data were taken …

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Political Economy Of Remittances Of Indonesian Migrant Domestic Workers In Hong Kong During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Florentina Dwiastuti Setyaningsih, Irwansyah Irwansyah Oct 2022

Political Economy Of Remittances Of Indonesian Migrant Domestic Workers In Hong Kong During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Florentina Dwiastuti Setyaningsih, Irwansyah Irwansyah

Jurnal Wacana Politik

The Covid-19 pandemic has changed all aspects of people’s lives around the world, including remittances. Interestingly, Bank Indonesia in 2020 stated that remittances, the majority of which came from migrant domestic workers, from Hong Kong tended to be stable. This study uses a political economy approach to see how several economic and political factors affect the stability of the remittances of Indonesian migrant domestic workers in Hong Kong. This study uses the theory from Dilip Ratha (2003) regarding the stability of remittances during the economic crisis, where there are two factors, namely (1) the presence of automatic stabilizers in migrant …

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The Practice Of Political Identity: A Systematic Review, Iradhad Taqwa Sihidi, Dedik Fitrah Suhermanto, Salahudin Salahudin, Muhammad Kamil Oct 2022

The Practice Of Political Identity: A Systematic Review, Iradhad Taqwa Sihidi, Dedik Fitrah Suhermanto, Salahudin Salahudin, Muhammad Kamil

Jurnal Wacana Politik

This study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the theme of political identity. This topic has recently become a center of attention and the strengthening of right-wing populism, for example, has succeeded in giving victory to several leaders such as Donald Trump, Josh Bolzonaro, and Duterte. Using the Scopus database from 2016 through 2021, concept mapping and clustering related to the theme of political identity will be seen. Data was collected through searching the Scopus database with the keyword political identity which resulted in 520 related articles. The data analysis focused on cluster analysis, dominant topics, related themes, and …

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Kerjasama Keamanan Maritim Indonesia-Australia Dalam Menanggulangi Ancaman Penyelundupan Manusia, Arfin Sudirman, Yusa Djuyandi, Clara Uli Rebecca Oct 2022

Kerjasama Keamanan Maritim Indonesia-Australia Dalam Menanggulangi Ancaman Penyelundupan Manusia, Arfin Sudirman, Yusa Djuyandi, Clara Uli Rebecca

Jurnal Wacana Politik

Penyelundupan manusia merupakan salah satu masalah bersama yang dihadapi Indonesia dan Australia. Hal ini diakibatkan oleh letak geografis kedua negara yang bertetangga. Australia dikenal sebagai surga bagi para pencari suaka sehingga menjadi negara tujuan utama praktek penyelundupan manusia. Sedangkan Indonesia merupakan negara transit praktek penyelundupan manusia yang menuju ke Australia. Praktek penyelundupan manusia mayoritasnya dilakukan melalui jalur perairan karena lebih sedikit pengamanan dibandingkan di wilayah daratan dan udara. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memahami kerja sama Indonesia dan Australia khususnya di bidang keamanan maritim dalam menangani kasus penyelundupan manusia yang melibatkan kedua negara dengan menggunakan teori keamanan maritim, people smuggling dan …

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Tindakan Komunikatif Komunitas Virtual Untuk Mengurangi Disinformasi Pemberitaan Politik Di Media Sosial, Azwar Azwar Oct 2022

Tindakan Komunikatif Komunitas Virtual Untuk Mengurangi Disinformasi Pemberitaan Politik Di Media Sosial, Azwar Azwar

Jurnal Wacana Politik

AbstractThis paper is part of the research results that reveal the communicative action by the virtual community Forum Anti Fitnah Hasut dan Hoax (FAFHH) on Facebook to reduce disinformation on social media as a new public sphere. This paper is viewed from the perspective of the Theory of Communicative Action initiated by Jurgen Habermas. Habermas's idea is very important for this paper because it offers a broader framework for understanding social media as a public sphere. It is also to understand how individuals or communities seek to achieve common understanding within groups to promote cooperation, not just to achieve personal …

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Submission To The State As An Act Of Submission To God: A Call For Total Submission Within The Nature And Commands Of God, Jesse David Krystowiak Oct 2022

Submission To The State As An Act Of Submission To God: A Call For Total Submission Within The Nature And Commands Of God, Jesse David Krystowiak

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Christians must view their interactions with the state as a direct line of submission to the supremacy of God's own rule. Within God's call to submit to those in positions of civil leadership is the understanding that one's submission to the state is placed within the confines of bringing glory to God on the basis of God's nature and commands.

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The Geopolitics Of Infrastructuralized Platforms: The Case Of Alibaba, Hong Shen, Yujia He Oct 2022

The Geopolitics Of Infrastructuralized Platforms: The Case Of Alibaba, Hong Shen, Yujia He

Patterson School of Diplomacy and International Commerce Faculty Publications

Contemporary digital platforms have become increasingly infrastructuralized, and started to raise geopolitical tensions with their global expansion. Amidst the heightened geopolitical competition between the US and China, the growing power of Chinese infrastructuralized platforms has made them the center of recent geopolitical dynamics. Drawing from an exploratory case study, this paper discusses Alibaba, one of the most prominent Chinese Internet giants, as an infrastructuralized platform, and highlights its geopolitical struggles. Often perceived as an e-commerce company, Alibaba has become ‘infrastructuralized’: its now-massive digital empire has moved beyond e-commerce, expanding into almost every aspect of China’s and global digital economy such …

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Theory Of Collective Action, Rohit J. Parikh Oct 2022

Theory Of Collective Action, Rohit J. Parikh

Publications and Research

Theory predicts that when people pursue their selfish aims then it leads to suboptimal outcomes for society or to the group they belong to. The prisoner's dilemma and the tragedy of the commons are classic examples. In her presidential lecture to the American Political Science Association Elinor Ostrom examined this fact and also noted that in practice people do not always follow the suboptimal strategy. What does she suggest? This document consists of slides I created giving an account of her paper. She had not won the Nobel when she gave this talk but it was conferred on her later.

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Helms School Of Government Newsletter - Fall 2022, Liberty University Oct 2022

Helms School Of Government Newsletter - Fall 2022, Liberty University

The Helms School of Government Newsletter

Helms School of Government Newsletter - Fall 2022

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Political Dynasties, Business, And Poverty In The Philippines, Ronald U. Mendoza, Jurel K. Yap, Gabrielle Ann S. Mendoza, Leonardo M. Jaminola Iii, Erica Celine Yu Oct 2022

Political Dynasties, Business, And Poverty In The Philippines, Ronald U. Mendoza, Jurel K. Yap, Gabrielle Ann S. Mendoza, Leonardo M. Jaminola Iii, Erica Celine Yu

Ateneo School of Government Publications

Despite studies finding a link between political dynasty prevalence and poverty; empirical evidence in the Philippines shows that the relationship between dynastic concentration and underdevelopment is not the same across regions. We argue that an independent economic elite and high levels of economic activity; typically found in Luzon; affect the poverty and development impact of political dynasties. Local socioeconomic contexts shape the opportunities for predatory behavior among politicians and their relationships with economic elites. Using novel survey data on business-government linkages as well as an extensive dataset on local government leadership in the Philippines spanning 2004 to 2016; we find …

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